Answer the three discussion questions - Assignment Example

work Question Crime in urban areas is not a characteristic of western nations, but third world countries, as well. In many third world countries, cities are becoming an encampment of armed groups, which seek to victimize citizens. In many cases, crime has become a bottleneck limit the growth of cities as people tend to avoid crime prone areas. The impact of such polarization has been a common phenomenon across third world countries. As compared to other social ills such as prostitution, most of the third world countries witness organized crime and crimes against property.

Despite the rising level of crime, there are several impediment that block efforts to reduce crime. First, poverty is a significant force that curtails efforts to reduce crime. in some third world countries, poverty motivates citizens into engaging in crime. Second, corruption is another ill that allows criminals to roam in the open as they bribe police enforcement agencies from arresting them. Lastly, poor reforms and infrastructure are reasons that have contributed to lack of adequate measures to combat crime in many third world countries.

Increased crime rates have significant political impact in third world countries. With high crime rates, governments have to build more prisons, increase sentencing structures and execute police reforms (Clear, Cole & Reisig, 2010). These efforts are critical in containing rising crime, but it also draws significant amount of taxpayers’ money. Increased crime is therefore, a force that has a severe political implication in third world countries.Question 2 Virtual private networks offer organizations with security over public infrastructures that are unsecure.

In a virtual private network, organizations use tunneling and security procedures to protect user data from hackers during transport. When organization uses the internet as a medium of connecting their systems, they face security risks such as eavesdropping (Whitman, & Mattord, 2012). However, a virtual private network use unsecured network to provide organizations with encryption that protects their data from hackers. An implementation of VPN, secures data transfers between remote locations.

Organization networks play a significant role, but lack of security policies can lead to network breaches. In most cases, some organizations lack appropriate policies that govern how users utilize network infrastructure. As the e-Activity outlines, lack of proper regulations on the use of network infrastructure allowed the attack on the network. In the future, the use of network security, which would implement firewalls, could help reduce the impact of network attacks. Question 3 The OSI layer is a robust representation of network services that allow communication between network systems, but some layers are vulnerable to attacks.

At the Network Layer, which focuses on delivery of data through the LAN, hackers can tap on network cables and eavesdrop on information being transferred. This can be a security risk since hackers can steal information from an organization. For instance, hacker can tap into a network and use spoof known MAC address before eavesdropping on data. In addition, this layer can experience routing attacks, which can enable attackers to forge the identity of known host before taking over the network.

These risks are critical in the security of the network security layer of the OSI model. Despite the above vulnerabilities, these risks can be mitigated using know technologies such as encryption. The use of encryption at this layer will limit chances of hackers looking at the data and reading the content of information on transit. This strategy is essential in limiting the impact of potential security breach (Schudel, & Smith, 2008). The use of a firewall is essential in boosting security of a network.

A firewall can be placed between the ISP network and internal network and configured to deny unwanted traffic while filtering data on specific rules. This strategy would reduce the impact of network challenges.ReferencesClear, T. R., Cole, G. F., & Reisig, M. D. (2011). American corrections. Belmont, CA: Thomson Wadsworth.Schudel, G., & Smith, D. J. (2008). Router security strategies: Securing IP network traffic planes. Indianapolis, Ind: Cisco Press.Whitman, M. E., & Mattord, H. J. (2012).

Principles of information security. Boston, MA: Course Technology.