Overview of Not Only Structured Query Language - Coursework Example

?An Overview of NoSQL The term ‘NoSQL’ is an acronym of the ‘Not only Structured Query Language’. It is evident from the word NoSQL database that it neither deals only with the SQL for manipulation of data nor only dependent on the development database tables. There are currently one hundred and fifty (150) databases developed using the approach of the NoSQL. The NoSQL databases are extents horizontally and used for the organization having significant emphasis on the performance and / or deals with real-time transactions while compromising the consistency of the data. Moreover, the NoSQL databases are deployed in a distributed environment and open sourced (NoSQL. n.d). It is pertinent to mention here that there are four (4) types / categories of the NoSQL database include: the document oriented database, XML database, graph database and key-value store / database. In the document oriented database the data is stored in the documents, the examples include: the CashDB, MongoDB etc. In the XML databases, the data is stored in the XML format, the examples include: the BaseX, eXist etc. In the Graph database, the data is stored as the collection of nodes that connected using edges, the examples include: DEX, Stones GrapgDB etc. The key-value store refers to storing data without schema in the form of strings, hashes, stored sets etc., and the examples include: Riak, BigTable, etc. One of the NoSQL databases is developed by the Oracle Corporation. The Oracle NoSQL database is characterized by the BASE – Basically Available, Soft State, and Eventually Consistent. The Oracle database used to replicate data in a way that data would be always available to the users, moreover, to avoid unavailability it distributes / share data among several database storage servers. The soft state refers that the Oracle NoSQL database allows inconsistent data and assigns its responsibility to the application developers. The Eventually Consistent refers to the ability of the NoSQL database becoming and presenting consistent data with the passage of time and its usage. Generally, it can be stated that the NoSQL database management systems are used to deal with huge data where the data does not necessitate being relational. The NoSQL database has the capabilities of storing, retrieving and appending data in a highly efficient manner without discrepancy of the data size. It is pertinent to mention some of the organizations dealing with massive data and use the NoSQL database for manipulation of the data, these organizations include: the LinkedIn, Google, Amazon, Twitter and Facebook (Oracle Corporation, 2011). NoSQL and Relational Database Management Systems – the Differences There are several diverse features of the Oracle NoSQL database that makes it different from the traditional Relational Database Management System (RDBMS). On the basis of the differences, the management of any organization can take an informed decision whether to employ the Oracle NoSQL database or the RDBMS. One of the main differences between the NoSQL and RDMS is scalability. The NoSQL data stores have the ability to scale it even on the distributed systems and it can be deployed over several database servers. Whereas, the RDMS can only be deployed and scaled over a single server and it is the reason that the NoSQL databases can handle a huge number of data. This is one of the main motives of the growing popularity of the NoSQL. Moreover, as the NoSQL database can be deployed on several servers, therefore, these databases offer high data availability with little or no unavailability. Moreover, the performance of the NoSQL database is highly efficient as compared to the RDBMS, because the data is being shared and processed on several servers. But in order to provide the data highly available along with high performance, the NoSQL databases compromise the data consistency, as the data is redundantly stored or replicated on the diverse servers (Strauch, n.d). The NoSQL databases have been developed focusing the BASE acronym of Basically Available, Soft State and Eventually Consistent (discussed above), whereas, the RDBMS focuses on the ACID properties, the ACID is an acronym of Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation and Durability. The atomicity of the RDBMS refers to getting entire results, if one part of the transaction fails the whole transaction would be failed, whereas, the NoSQL databases do not rely on this approach. The approach of the NoSQL database in terms of transaction failure is to make available data to more users and limit failure to fewer users, rather than failing to make the data unavailable to all the users. The data stored in the RDBMS database has to be consistent, as it follows the rules and constraints, whereas, the data stored in the NoSQL database can be in the form of columns, documents, etc. and does not have rules for consistency, therefore, the data in the NoSQL database are inconsistent. The isolation feature of the RDBMS provides the same state either the transactions execute concurrently or serially. Therefore, the data can be unavailable in the RDBMS, but on the other hand the NoSQL focuses on high data availability by not following the approach of the RDBMS (Raghavan, 2012). The RDBMS provides a variety of features by implementing complex relationships between the tables of the database; however, the NoSQL database does not implement multifarious relationships hence it avoids unneeded complexity and cost of the object relational mapping. The RDBMS uses a strict data model, whereas, the NoSQL database does utilize the flexible data model by removing restrictions and constraints of the data model. Therefore, the NoSQL database is simple to develop; hence, it reduces the requirement of the skilled human resources like database Administrator, moreover, the administration cost of the NoSQL data store is lower as compared to the RDBMS database. The NoSQL database can be deployed over cheap servers to manipulate the data, whereas, RDBMS usually relies on the expensive proprietary servers for effective results. Keeping in view the above given diverse factors that differentiate the NoSQL database from the RDBMS, it can be stated that the cost per gigabyte of transaction / second, the cost of storage and retrieval data from the NoSQL is several times lesser than the cost that an organization have to bear for using the RDBMS (Harrison, 2010). Application of NoSQL in Large Organizations The organizations dealing with massive amounts of data daily and the data are continuing to grow with the passage of time and after years the data could not be manageable due to its huge size (database size might be in Exabytes i-e equivalent one billion GB) by the traditional databases. Moreover, these organizations prefer the performance and efficiency of the data transactions if the huge database over consistency. The organization needs to interconnect the data and make it available to be used by other organizations to tie the things together and giving the users a global environment. It is pertinent to mention an example of the Facebook, the data stored in the databases of the Facebook can be accessed by the users through several other websites for logging into that website. Moreover, it caters the issue of handling the huge data including billions of messages, images and data about likes / dislikes placed on the Facebook, moreover, its huge number of users and their connections. One of the applications of the NoSQL database has been employed by the Amazon as Dynamo – Key-Value NoSQL database to fulfil their requirement of highly scalable distributed platform to cater the e-commerce businesses. Moreover, the application of the NoSQL database caters the requirement of the Amazon business model by handling the temporary data including the shopping carts, incomplete your queries and questionnaires, the retained searches etc. In other words, it can be stated that the NoSQL database can be applied to handle the non transactional data which might be less priority or usage for the e-commerce enabled websites like the Amazon. In order to cater these needs of an organization, the NoSQL database is applicable and an ideal solution for such organizations (Perdue, 2012). One of the NoSQL databases is the VoltDB that can be utilized by the organizations to deal with real time markets in terms of financial trade monitoring, as it provides high frequency of the operations like writing and indexing all trades as well as lower frequency operations like searching the trade order as per the given criteria. Moreover, the VoltDB can also be utilized for the Software as a Service (SaaS), online gaming leader board, airline reservation and ticketing etc. The NoSQL database can be used for the purpose of providing the analytical calculations on the huge data, the analysis operations may include but not limited to the standard counts, deviations, correlations, probabilities, and research on huge data. The Twitter is one of the users of the NoSQL database requires above given operations on the massive data in a highly efficient manner. Moreover, the Twitter also utilizes the NoSQL database for the purpose of the user tracking i-e which user has visited or viewed the profile of whom as well as which user follows whom. The Twitter required the above application of the NoSQL database in real time as well as distributed environment and the NoSQL database is capable to fulfil the requirements of the Twitter (Hoff, 2010). Benefits and Drawbacks of the NoSQL An organization needs to review and understand the advantages as well as the disadvantages of deploying and utilizing the NoSQL database; the organization can get its several advantages and many disadvantages. One of the vital advantages of the NoSQL database is to provide the required services within relatively lesser cost while not compromising the performance and efficiency of the data transaction. Moreover, the NoSQL databases are highly available irrespective of the size of the database. As more of the advantages / features of the NoSQL database have been discussed above in the document, therefore, it is significant to highlight and emphasize the disadvantages. One of the major disadvantages of the NoSQL database is the immaturity, as yet there has not been passed enough years after the invention of the NoSQL, therefore, most of the features of the NoSQL database are under production and yet to be implemented. Due to the passage of comparatively less time after the invention and its open source trait, there are several allied disadvantages of the NoSQL include: the less availability of the maintenance support, complex and difficult administration as well as maintenance, difficult to recruit expert human resources, lesser facilities of the queries and analysis features, it does not provide connectivity support for utilization of the diverse tools like business intelligence tool. Keeping in view the disadvantages of the NoSQL, I believe that it would take much time to replace the relational database management system or might not replace but it would find its own place in certain types of the projects (Adamo, 2011). Reference List Oracle Corporation., 2011. Oracle NoSQL Database. An Oracle White Paper, CA, USA. NoSQL., n.d. List of NoSQL Databases. [online] Available at: < http://nosql-database.org/> [Accessed 13 December 2012] Strauch, C., n.d. NoSQL Databases. Computer Science and Media, Stuttgart Media University. Raghavan, G., 2012. RDMS to NoSQL, An Overview. [online] Available at: [Accessed 13 December 2012] Harrison, G., 2010. 10 Things you should know about NoSQL databases. [online] Available at: [Accessed 14 December 2012] Perdue, T., 2012. NoSQL: An Overview of NoSQL databases. [online] Available at: [Accessed 14 December 2012] Hoff, T., 2010. What the heck are you actually using NoSQL for? [online] Available at: [Accessed 14 December 2012] Adamo, D., 2011. NoSQL Database – Advantages and Disadvantages. [online] Available at: [Accessed 14 December 2012] Read More