The Short ID Exam - Assignment Example

The Short ID Exam By Normative Sources These are sources of information that offer guides on the ethical/correct way of doing something. There are three normative sources in Islam: The Qur’an, the hadiths, and classical Islamic law. 2. Historiography This is the study of materials written by Muslim historians on the events of the early Islamic period. 3. The five Pillars of Islam These are the obligations that every Muslim should live by. They are prayer (Salat), faith (Shahadah), concern for the needy (Zakat), fasting (Sawm), and pilgrimage to Mecca (Hajj). 4. Caliphate This is an Islamic political-religious leadership that centered on a successor (Caliph/Khalifah) to Prophet Muhammad. 5. Hadith These are sacred collections containing records of sayings and conduct of Prophet Muhammad. 6. Turkic Migrations The general movement of people from Central Asia resulting in the expansion of the Turkic Tribes in the Middle East and Europe 7.

Muhammad al-Khwarizmi A Persian mathematician renowned for his contributions to mathematics, more so Algebra. 8. Pax Mongolica A period of peace and stability after the conquest of the Mongolian Empire 9. Sha Ismail Safavi Shah of Iran between 1502 and 1524 and founder of Persia’s Safavid Empire. He also played a major role in overseeing the dominance of the Twelver branch of Shia Islam over Ismaili. 10. Leo Africanus This is El Hasan ben Muhammed el-Wazzan-ez-Zayyati, born in Granada but chased away alongside his parents and other Muslims in 1942 by Isabella and Ferdinand.

He settled in Ghana and parts of North Africa together with his uncle on diplomatic missions. 11. Wahhabism A religious movement named after Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab, who was a scholar and preacher in the 18th Century. 12. Tanzimat A series of reforms in the Ottoman Empire aimed at emancipating non-Muslim subjects in the Empire as well as integrating non-Turks in the society by granting them equality and improving their civil liberties. 13. Jamal al-Din al-Afghani A writer, political activist, and Islamic Ideologist in the 19th century renowned for his role in the Pan-Islamic Movement. 14. World-Systems Theory Is also known as world-systems analysis.

It is an approach to world history developed by Immanuel Wallerstein and asserts that while some countries flourish from the world’s economic systems, other countries are exploited. 15. Nationalism An extreme conviction that one’s country is superior over the other countries. 16. Orientalism (Book) A book published in 1978 by Edward Said. The book gives an illustration of the perception that the Western Worlds has of the Eastern World. 17. Mustafa Kemal Ataturk Founder and first president of Turkey.

He was also a military officer who guided the Turkish National Movement to victory in the Turkish War of Independence. 18. Ayatollah Khomeini Succeeded Ruhollah Khomeini to become the second Supreme Leader of Iran. Was elected as the Supreme leader in 1989 and serves to date. He was also the President of Iran between 1981 and 1989. 19. Arab Spring The democratic uprisings that started in 2011 and spread across the Arab nations. These uprisings began in Tunisia and spread to Libya, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Jordan, Syria, and Bahrain. 20. ISIS An abbreviation for Islamic State in Iraq and Syria, an extremist military group that operates in accordance with the Wahhabi Law.