Origin of Human Societies and Global History - Assignment Example

With an increase in population, the Amerindian people developed or practiced extraordinarily diversified and productive agriculture. Both the Andes and the Mesoamerica communities aimed at being self-sufficient and relied on the state or system to deliver goods that were difficult to acquire. The Andean groups extended their kingdom by creating an overarching political state and integrating its empire into a single order to secure its subjects and increase area for natural resources. The Anasazi, Mesoamerica, developed an economy on beans, squash, and maize. Their success in adapting these crops allowed the formation of large villages and resulted in vast cultural life in underground buildings known as kivas. Inca constructed roads that facilitated military troop movements, trade, and administration.

Mesopotamia is considered the cradle of civilization; it was then located in the Fertile Crescent. Mesopotamia was located at the convergence of the Euphrates and Tigris rivers that produced fertile soils; hence, irrigation was practiced. Sumerians came up with a cuneiform script for communication. Egyptians started an agricultural economy with a centralized society. Egyptian states had urban development and monarchies. Egyptians are recognized for surgery, barge transport, and mathematics. In addition, they are widely known as their pyramids.

The Harappan civilization is credited with the introduction of decimal fractions. Small societies were nomadic in nature while vast empires settled along riverbanks on the same land hence showed the concept of ownership. Large empires increased their security since they were located at the same point as other small societies. Large empires encouraged specialization for example artisans, craftsmen, traders, and farmers who produce surpluses; small communities did not support these activities.

Governments came in place to maintain specialized labor and surplus production in agriculture, and to maintain the new culture. The government provided services like roads to the merchants, unified people in villages. These governments started taxing in form of surplus from farmers. Belief systems were created in order to bring order into society because of political unrest. All of these classic empires, Zhou and Qin China, Vedic India, Persian Empire, Classical Greek World,  are where the major belief systems were developed or originated from; Hinduism, Confucianism, Christianity, and Buddhism.

3 How are cultural transfer and exchange evident in visual imagery?

Drama and literature acquired distinctive forms such as Indian epics and Greek tragedy influenced majorly by artistic developments in neighboring dynasties or regions and later periods such as in Athens or Persia.
4 How do different civilizations create cultural identity?
             Literature acquired distinctive forms such as Greek tragedy that had an influence on artistic developments in Persia. Greek dramas started with tragedies with a suffering hero and ended in disaster. Greeks dramas covered several themes, such as good and evil or the nature of human beings.

Distinctive architectural styles are seen in Indian and Greek. Greeks embraced paintings on pottery depicting everyday happenings. They, Greeks, made temples for their gods using marble structured columns. The Indians erected stone pillars to promote Buddhist teachings.