Study guid answer - Term Paper Example

Conservatism is a political and social philosophy. It promotes adherence to traditional values, social and religious doctrines. This ideology defends state interests and public order. The main thing is stability. Conservatism denies any radical reforms and extremism. Liberalism is a political philosophy. Its basic ideas presuppose liberty and equality. Individual rights of people are of crucial importance. The movement appeared during the Age of Enlightenment. It refused from hereditary privilege, state religion, absolute monarchy, and the Divine Right of Kings (Wikipedia).

Socialism is a social and economic system. Its purpose is to realize its fundamental principles of social justice, liberties, and equality. Its basic characteristic is the social ownership of the means of production and co-operative management of the economy (Wikipedia). Nationalism emerged on the basis of French Revolution. This revolution gave radical intellectuals inspiration to put an emphasis on their own national identity and developed a romantic view of cultural self-expression through nationhood (Wikipedia).

According to its theorists Friedrich Hegel, the sense of nationality was the crucial element which would make a country prosperous. The terms “national state” presupposes: 1. political and geopolitical entity; 2. cultural and ethnic entity. National state is opposite to multinational state. Colonialism: a certain country conquers and rules over other territories. The aim is to exploit its resources. The conqueror builds and maintains its colonies. Great number of people moves to the conquered territory.

Example: British colonization of the North America (now the US). An imperialist country seeks to expand its governance over as large territory as possible. It wants to create an empire and expand its dominance far. There are no mass movements of people. Its sense lies in exercising power over the conquered territories. Example: