Liberalism (liberties, human rights, and free trade) - Research Paper Example

? Liberalism (liberties, human rights, and free trade) Introduction Liberalism is a political ideology or global view constructed on the ideas of equality and liberty. During the age of enlightenment, liberalism became a significant political movement. Slowly and gradually, it became popular among the economists and philosophers. This liberalism entails several aspects, such as human rights, liberty, free trade, freedom of religion and private property. The purpose of the study is to identify the themes of resolution of liberalism in the modern age. It will describe about the policies of human rights and free trade. Then a comparison between the liberalism of pre and post modern age has been provided in order evaluate the effect on the global economy and society. Finally, the study will provide the impact of liberalism on the modern age civilization. Liberalism in Modern Age Liberalism is a dominant political ideology. Liberalism is known as the response to the urbanization and industrial revolution in the 19th century (Doyle, 1986). Liberalism was occurred in America and Europe. Classical liberalism was constructed on the basis of the ideas in the 18th century. Liberties, human rights and free trade are the three major aspects of liberalism. In order to discuss every single aspect of the modern liberalism, it is necessary to highlight theme resolution of free trade and human rights. Theme Resolution Human rights and Free trade theme was constructed in the year 2011 by the manila Congress that discusses the integrity of the system of free trade and human rights. Human Rights Human rights are the fundamental and universal rights that determine the virtue of humanity of the human beings. This right has not constructed on the basis of nationality, religion, culture, race, citizenship, social class, ethnicity, gender and sexual orientation. Human rights and the policies related to the welfare of human being and society need to be exist in every community (Zakaria & Aff, 1997). This process will help the globe to bring the equality among the several groups of individuals in this modern civilization era. The fundamental conditions and rights are mentioned in the document of internatio0nal founding The proposed and regulated rights and conditions are provided below. Liberty of conscience and freedom of worship. Freedom of speech. Freedom to collaborate or not to collaborate. Individual freedom, guaranteed by the justice, law and administrative body. No gender discrimination. The opportunity to have the varied and full education irrespective of birth. Security from the unfavorable issues such as unemployment, old age, disability and sickness. Free choice of the consumers and to rap the opportunity of productivity of industry and soil. Civil and political rights can only be realized where the right of security and subsistence are recognized. Reorganizations The need to promote and protect the rights of religious, national and ethnic and linguistic minorities. Need to establish and practice a culture that overcomes the issue of discrimination among the people of several groups. Need to abolish the regulations and laws regarding the discrimination. Support and defend the activities of the individuals who have fought with the society in order to get personal freedom and fight for civil liberties and human rights. Free Trade The potential of the free trade is to bring strength and empower in the human being to increase the standard of live in the globe (Huntington, 1993). Free trade in the modern age generally entails the following. Free flow of staffs and employees. Deregulation and liberalization of the economy. End to private and state monopolies. Rule of law and property rights. Human creativity and private initiative of environment conducive. Currency wars and trade disputes. Inter communal violence, political instability, war and dictatorship. Corruption and weakness of government. The modern liberalism has highlighted that; the free trade must be controlled and guided by certain regulations and rules that are enforced by the accountability foundations at the national, regional and international levels (Brown, 2004). It recognizes and understands the effectively and the importance of the free trade recall with several effective public policies in order to sustain the development and overcome the reasons and issues related poverty in the society. Liberties, Human Rights and Free Trade Human rights and free trade both can collaboratively represent the free market economy. Moreover, this collaboration can represent two important pillars of the liberalism. It recognizes that, wealth generation and human rights observance are inseparable. It is the moral challenge for the entire world is to rectify the notion (Petersmann, 2000). By the help of this rectification, free trade can be practiced easily and comfortably without the fundamental human rights reorganization. The collaboration of these two used to argue that, human rights observance can help the community and civilization to promote individual human development. Moreover, it will help to bring the sustainability in global economy, politics, and education and communication process. International solidarity is very much essential in order to make respect for the free trade system and human rights in this universe. It is a universal application and spirit. To urge all the nations to dismantle non-tariff and tariff barriers for industry, service and agricultural products is necessary to give importance on these issues and several social and economical aspects. These will help the modern civilization to achieve growth in each sector. Before the Modern Age Several modern scholars have argued that, there is no specific appropriate difference between classical and modern liberalism. Individualism and collectivism are the most fundamental issue in the politics’ history. Modern liberalism is not completely individualistic or collectivist. It is the mix and integrations of both these issues. The views related with this approach cannot provide a political framework. It was constructed basis on the first and fundamental principle. On the other hand classical or pre modern era liberalism generally acts as the ideology. This liberalism has several drawbacks. It has not that much ability to solve the problems, but it can help the individuals of the modern era to make them understand about the problems and issues. The scenario has changed after the First World War. The global civilization was trying to become modern. The federal government of several countries was concentrating to bring the industry revolution in Europe and America. In the middle of the 20th century, the modern liberalism was established. The plans and strategies are constructed basis upon the framework of 18th and 19th century. Therefore, it can state that, both the pre and post modern era liberalism are very much similar to each other. But few aspects and overview has changed. In this present era of globalization, the leading organizations even the individuals are trying to capitalize the opportunities that have been created due to the industrial revolution (Alston, 2002). Due to globalization and industry revolution, the competition within the globe has significantly increased. Human rights and free trade policy were included in the liberalism in the modern age. Several aspects such as equality, freedom of speech, right to education, right to public ownership and law implementation for the minorities had been included under the free trade system and human rights policy. The modern aged liberalism stands for the industry revolution. But it is clear that; still there are several drawbacks of the modern age liberalism. Low disposable household income and inadequate federal policies are affecting the society and civilization mostly. This modern age liberalism is affecting the society and modern age civilization in different ways. Children from middle class and lower middle class family are finding it difficult to get proper level of education unlike other rich children with the society. Lack of effective and clear procedure to control the revenue of public property and tax policies can create a worse situation. It is evident that, in this modern civilization, the liberalism evolution has caused high tax rate. Therefore, due to lack of appropriate fund distribution and limited public revenue, the federal government of several countries are trying to increase the tax rate and price of land. In adequate fund allocation has created several social and economical problems, such as high unemployment rate, low literacy rate and many more. Impact of Modern Age Liberalism Liberalism is a specific ideology that aims at the human right preservation. Moreover, it used to focus on the possibility to involve in the free speech and provide preference to the wide range of several considerations. These available options used to depend upon several variable factors, such as economy, society, jobs’ availability within the industry. This aspect requires intelligence and good education. Mor4eover, the freedom of speech and human rights depend upon the opportunities that are offered by the society in order to develop the society and civilization. `These are the unchanged fundamental economic values and principle of the modern social liberalism. There is several negative impact of Liberalism evolution on the civilization of modern age. Income Inequality In this present era of globalization, it has evident that, there is a huge difference between the rich and poor people. More specifically, the difference of income level between the middle and upper class level is highly volatile. The transition demand has made created worse economic situation. Creative and intelligent individuals urgently need the less skilled employees or individuals. Therefore, slowly and gradually, the level of differentiated income between the upper and middle class level is increasing. This modern age liberalism is affecting the society and modern age civilization in different ways. Children from middle class and lower middle class family are finding it difficult to get proper level of education unlike other rich children with the society. Low disposable household income and inadequate federal policies are affecting the society and civilization mostly. Public Property and Tax Policy Tax policy and overall taxation are two different issues. The liberal approach is much more multi faced and competitive. Lack of effective and clear procedure to control the revenue of public property and tax policies can create a worse situation. It is evident that, in this modern civilization, the liberalism evolution has caused high tax rate. In this present era of globalization, the leading organizations even the individuals are trying to capitalize the opportunities that have been created due to the industrial revolution. Due to globalization and industry revolution, the competition within the globe has significantly increased. Therefore, due to lack of appropriate fund distribution and limited public revenue, the federal government of several countries are trying to increase the tax rate and price of land. In adequate fund allocation has created several social and economical problems, such as high unemployment rate, low literacy rate and many more. The recent financial crisis and global economic recession have reduced the purchasing power of people. Low disposable income of middle class people and several earning barriers are the major effect of liberalism of modern age. Conclusion Liberalism is a dominant political ideology. Liberalism is known as the response to the urbanization and industrial revolution in the 19th century. Human rights are the fundamental and universal rights that determine the virtue of humanity of the human beings. This right has not constructed on the basis of nationality, religion, culture, race, citizenship, social class, ethnicity, gender and sexual orientation. The potential of the free trade is to bring strength and empower in the human being to increase the standard of live in the globe. Liberties, human rights and free trade are the three major aspects of liberalism. Individualism and collectivism are the most fundamental issue in the politics’ history. Modern liberalism is not completely individualistic or collectivist. It is the mix and integrations of both these issues. The federal government of several countries was concentrating to bring the industry revolution in Europe and America. In the middle of the 20th century, the modern liberalism was established. The plans and strategies are constructed basis upon the framework of 18th and 19th century. Though modern liberalism has helped provided several benefits to the society, but still there are several drawbacks of the modern age liberalism that are affecting the modern economy, society and civilization. References Alston, P. (2002). “Resisting the merger and acquisition of human rights by trade law: a reply to Petersmann”. European Journal of International Law. Vol. 13, no. , pp. 15-16. Brown, W., 2004. “The Most we can Hope For”, The Journal of Modern History. Vol, 9, no. 1, pp. 5-7. Doyle, M. (1986) “Liberalism and World Politics”, The Journal of Political Science. Vol. 11, no. 4, pp. 8-11. Huntington, S. (1993). “The Clash of Cvilizations”? The Journal of Foreign Affairs. Vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 18-21. Petersmann, E. (2000). “The WTO Constitution and Human Rights”, Journal of International Economic Law. Vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 3-4. Zakaria, F., & Aff, F. (1997). “Rise of Liberal Democracy”. The Journal of Foreign Affairs. Vol. 61, no. 2, pp. 11-12. Read More