Vacation with Carnival Cruise Lines to the Western Caribbean - Research Paper Example

?Cruising the Western Caribbean: Jamaica, Grand Cayman, and Cozumel Taking a cruise is a wonderful way to get to several destinations in a short time, for one price. Instead of having to plan separate vacations to each island or destination, cruise packages offer multiple destinations in one area, such as the Western Caribbean package offered by the Carnival Cruise Line. As an added bonus, while traveling on the cruise, there are always things to do aboard ship, thereby eliminated the (sometimes) boring in-between travel time between destinations, alongside the fact that most of everything is usually included in the cruise package while aboard ship (though it is always advisable to check with not only a travel agent, but with the cruise line directly, and ask for a concrete list of what is and is not included before boarding.) Included in this package will be stops at Montego Bay, Jamaica, the island of Grand Cayman, and Cozumel, Mexico. Whether the main point of the journey is sun and surf, tourist traps, ancient ruins or simply some time away, each destination is sure to delight and charm every traveler into wanting to return. Montego Bay, Jamaica History of Montego Bay The island of Jamaica was first home to inhabitants long before its discovery by Western Civilizations. Arawak tribes lived on the land when Jamaica was first landed upon by Christopher Columbus in 1494, but mainly died out due to exposure to European diseases when the Spanish started colonizing the island in 1510 (“Background Notes: Jamaica”). The Spanish called the settlement that would one day become Montego Bay manteca, meaning lard, which was the primary product shipped out of the country, gathered from the herds of wild pigs that roamed the hillsides around the settlement (Koss 178). Though Spain first sighted and landed Europeans upon the island, in 1670 Great Britain gained formal possession of Jamaica after its armed forces had seized the island from Spanish control in 1655 (“Background Notes: Jamaica”). Upon takeover, the British established the parish of St. James (Koss 2008). The island remained in the control of Great Britain until 1962, when it declared independence. Upon gaining control, Great Britain established different export products. The island that had mainly been known for lard production and exportation by the Spanish became a profitable center for the sugar trade (“Background Notes: Jamaica”). In 1831, however, slave revolts all but demolished the sugar business, devastating many plantations and estates (Koss 179). In 1834, slavery was abolished, and currently Jamaica exports not only sugar and rum as its main products but bananas, coffee, and citrus fruits (“Background Notes: Jamaica”). The economy of Jamaica has suffered in the previous years due to recessions, with over 20% of the country living in poverty as of early 2011, up from 9.9% in 2007 and 16.5% in 2009 (Thame). Though the percentages are steadily rising, it is important to remember that things such as production conditions are causing this, such as the high cost of doing business in Jamaica, high taxes, and other factors (Thame). Tourists should not let themselves be put off by this and avoid Montego Bay, as there is still plenty that a traveler would not want to miss out on! Montego Bay, known as the “second city” of Jamaica, has known both good times and hard times in its history. It was in Montego Bay that Columbus first landed, calling it the “Gulf of Good Weather” (Koss 178). It was in Montego Bay that most trading took place, and until the slave revolts, enjoyed a bustling business with many ships coming in and out of its harbor (Koss 178). It was in and of itself the setting for the slave revolts in 1831, and its courthouse was used for retribution against those unlucky enough to be on the losing side of the rebellion, once it had been quashed by local militia (Koss 178). The sugar trade declined until the developments of both the banana trade and the tourist trade in the late 1880s, when a sanitarium was built and widely used by rich Americans and citizens of Great Britain (Koss 178). Montego Bay Sightseeing and Culture The tourist trade has never stopped flowing in and out of the country, and today Montego Bay enjoys a year-round, established tourist trade and plenty of visitors to its shores and businesses. Known as “Mo’Bay” to the local population, the last census conducted in April 2009 shows that 96,000 people live in Montego Bay, making it the second-largest city in Jamaica (“Background Notes: Jamaica”). It is also home to Jamaica’s busiest airport and cruise-ship port (Koss 179). Visitors to Montego Bay will not lack for anything to do or find themselves with time on their hands unless, of course, their entire aim is to lie on a gorgeous, white-sand beach and do nothing. Some that travel to Montego Bay never make it away from what is known as the “hip strip” to tourists and Georgetown Avenue to the locals, which is home to the most popular restaurants, hotels, and shops (Koss 178). Souvenirs, clothing, and other items such as local arts and crafts can be purchased here as well (“Official Visitors Guide to Montego Bay, Jamaica”). For travelers that need their “shopping fix” on the island, have no fear! Montego Bay offers duty-free shopping plazas, several malls and shopping centers, and shops located throughout the city (“Official Visitors Guide to Montego Bay, Jamaica”). Be sure, however, to exchange your United States dollars for local currency before trying to board a bus into town; taxis, however, will accept them, so have no fear of getting around the city (“Official Visitors Guide to Montego Bay, Jamaica”). For those that desire something other than shopping be sure to check with the cruise ship before docking to ensure the best price on adventures; there is everything from feeding peacocks and turkeys to an afternoon of equestrian adventures offered in Montego Bay (“Official Visitors Guide to Montego Bay, Jamaica”). Travelers should also be aware that driving is not the best way to see Montego Bay. Police as they exist in the United States to patrol traffic are unheard of in Montego Bay, and a “breakneck speed” is often the rule when driving, as is liberal use of the horn, especially when rounding corners (Koss 179). If renting a car is the aim for the day, the cruise line can likely put any traveler in touch with a rental agency; Dhana Car Rental, for instance, also has online booking availability (“Official Visitors Guide to Montego Bay, Jamaica”). In traveling on foot, visitors should use as much caution as if they were driving; cars do not always give way to pedestrian traffic, and deep gutters and potholes can cut the vacation short with a nasty sprained or broken ankle (Koss 179). Again, driving in Montego Bay is not for the faint of heart, and quite possibly not worth the expense, depending on how long the ship will be docked, it may be easier just to stay on foot or rely on the local transportation of buses and taxis for the duration of the visit to the city. The historic sites of Jamaica offer something to those that wish a more cultural experience. Fort Montego, at the southern end of Gloucester Avenue, is what little remains of what was once built in the 18th century by British forces (Koss 180). There is also Sam Sharpe Square, which houses such buildings as the Cage, a converted one-time jail built in 1906 and now a souvenir shop, as well as the National Heroes Monument and the small Museum of St. James (Koss 180). There is also a plantation tour at Croydon on the Mountains available, a working plantation where visitors can sample local fruits, and conclude with a delicious Jamaican barbeque, complete with Jamaican Blue Mountain Coffee and lunch (“Official Visitors Guide to Montego Bay, Jamaica”). Travelers can also enjoy a one-of-a-kind haunted house experience while in Jamaica. The 6,000 acre Rose Hall Plantation, once home to Mistress Annie Palmer, is said to be haunted by her ghost (Harding, Silverstein, and Askin). Due to her poor and abusive treatment of slaves, she was given the name of “The White Which” (Harding, Silverstein, and Askin). It is said that she still roams the halls of her great plantation house, which was built in 1760 (Harding, Silverstein, and Askin). Come and walk the halls to try and catch a glimpse! Montego Bay Food and Drinks A visit to Montego Bay would not be complete without sampling the local cuisine, which has much to offer travelers passing through. Jamaican food contains much of the origins of the different countries that have inhabited the country throughout its history, from the Spanish to British with even some Middle Eastern flavors thrown in. Food, however, has gone through the Jamaican “one-drop”; it has been reinvented and redone to show what Jamaica has to offer, often going by “one-drop” names such as “Solomon Grundy” for pickled herring and “mannish water” for goat soup! (Koss 42). Not feeling ready for a meal just yet? Stop by a roadside stand for the most popular snack of all: a “patty”, a thin, tender-crisp crust filled with well seasoned beef and vegetables. Not a vegetarian? Try a vegetarian (in Jamaica called “I-tal”) dinner anyway; travelers will be surprised to leave the table stuffed! Vegetarians and vegans will leave with a particular bond for Jamaica, since the cuisine is friendly towards them: the local diet of “I-tal” cooking demands no meat, no meat byproducts, no alcohol, and no chemicals (Koss 44). From local cuisine to five-star restaurants offering flavors from around the world, Jamaica offers something for everyone. The staple of Jamaican food is rice and peas (red beans), often served with shredded goat or pork (Koss 42). Many meals are accompanied by starchy vegetables and cassava bread, and the sweet potato makes an appearance in almost every dish, either on the side or mixed within (Koss 43). Do not forget to sample some of the local “jerk” chicken or pork, a spicy barbecue dish known to the locals for its distinct wood-smoke smell and allspice (Koss 44). However much time is spent in Jamaica, travelers should never fear leaving Jamaica hungry! Jamaica is also famous for a variety of drinks, all readily available to visitors. Travelers can try “skyjuice”, a cone of shaved ice flavored with fruity juice and lime, or sample the soda of Jamaica called Ting, a sparkling grapefruit soda (Koss 44). There is also plenty of coffee for those in need of a caffeine fix; Jamaican blue mountain coffee is readily available and can be found almost everywhere (Koss 44). There is also Jamaican Rum Punch, a blend of rum and seasonal fruit juices, or Tia Maria, a coffee liqueur made on the island (Harding, Silverstein, and Askin). Visitors should also be aware, however, that water is necessary in great amounts, and that alcohol should be consumed sparingly throughout the day, especially if unused to tropical climate and sun. Water is generally safe to drink from the tap in the city; however, if visiting an outlying area of the city, it is better if tourists stick to bottled water (Koss 44). Whatever the plans are for Jamaica, whether it is shopping, sightseeing, guided tours, or simply laying on a sandy beach doing nothing, there is something to be found in Montego Bay for everyone. Grand Cayman Island History of Grand Cayman Visitors to the island of Grand Cayman, the largest and most populated of the three Cayman Islands, are sure to find just as much to do as they found in Montego Bay, Jamaica. This island was first sighted by Christopher Columbus in 1503, on his final crossing to the West Indies (“Commonwealth Secretariat”). It was not until about 1530 that the islands actually earned their name, although they were placed on maps earlier than this, and were in almost the correct location on them (“Commonwealth Secretariat”). The name “cayman” was determined from the Spanish altered form of the Caribbean word for “crocodile” (“Commonwealth Secretariat”). Early settlement efforts were largely unsuccessful, even after Great Britain assumed control of Jamaica and Grand Cayman in the Treaty of Madrid in 1670; a permanent settlement established was not established until 1730 (“Background Notes: Cayman Islands”). When the settlements were finally established, they largely consisted of a variety of peoples such as pirates, sailors, deserters from the Jamaican army, and slaves (“Background Notes: Cayman Islands”). The resulting descendants of these peoples are heavily British and African, with intermixing being so frequent that most natives have themselves lost track of their own heritage (“Background Notes: Cayman Islands”). Grand Cayman was a dependency of Jamaica until 1959, when they became an independent territory; they are now seen throughout the world as a British Overseas Territory with a largely self-governing system (“Background Notes: Cayman Islands”). Under the 2009 Constitution, all Cayman Islands are seen as such, with a representative government and the head of state being Queen Elizabeth II, the Queen of England (“Commonwealth Secretariat”). Unlike Jamaica, who chose independence in 1962, the Cayman Islands chose to remain under the protection of the British government (“Commonwealth Secretariat”). It is quite possible that this contributes to the way of life and lifestyle enjoyed by many island natives today. Historically and currently, Grand Cayman is a very popular destination. It is believed that it derives this popularity not only from the tourist trade but from being a tax-exempt destination (“Background Notes: Cayman Islands”). This status, while enjoyed, has roots that take the form of a legend: in 1788, people from the Grand Cayman rescued the crews of a Jamaican merchant convoy which had struck a reef (“Background Notes: Cayman Islands”). It was the gratitude of King George III, along with his promise to never again impose any tax upon the island that has supposedly given the Grand Cayman its tax-free status (“Background Notes: Cayman Islands”). This status, whether born of a legend or not, certainly contributes to the heavy crowds of tourists that flock to its shores to spend money. This tax-free status contributes to the fact that Grand Cayman is one of the wealthiest countries in the world. Grand Cayman enjoyed (before 2009) what was known to them as “twin pillars” of economic development: tourism and international finance (“Background Notes: Cayman Islands”). The country has, like others, suffered in the wake of the 2009 global recession; the government has looked to new ways to bolster the economy, even within the protective arms of the United Kingdom, which aids their stability in governmental matters (“Background Notes: Cayman Islands”). However, Caymanians enjoy the advantages of duty-free shops, unspoiled beaches, as well as scuba-diving and deep-sea fishing to draw almost one million visitors to its island every year (“Background Notes: Cayman Islands”). It stands to reason that the money spent by visitors in their excursions to Grand Cayman certainly provides a nice cushion to the economic sector. Grand Cayman Sightseeing and Culture Visitors are, to say the least, most welcome on Grand Cayman. Caymanians are naturally warm and friendly people, and will welcome travelers to their island (Cayman Islands Department of Tourism). Locals are devout, church-going people, and though the language is British English, distinct dialects have sprung up over the years, especially from District to District (Cayman Islands Department of Tourism). Regardless, travelers will have no trouble making themselves understood, and should not be surprised to make one or two new friends among the locals as they traverse this island. Seven Mile Beach offers a gorgeous white-sand beach of five and one-half miles that is perfect for walking, in addition to viewing the small shops and other attractions that are lined up along its edge (Harding, Silverstein, and Askin). Visitors should, however, note that if they are looking to do any human sightseeing, perhaps seeing parts that would not ordinarily be on display at a United States beach, there is no nudity allowed on any public beach on Grand Cayman (Cayman Islands Department of Tourism). In fact there are laws prohibiting nudity on all beaches, on all the Cayman Islands; appropriate swimwear is required when walking or sunbathing on any beach (Cayman Islands Department of Tourism). Small shopping malls located all over the island can provide a traveler with whatever souvenir they wish to return home with (Harding, Silverstein, and Askin). In fact, visitors should plan on doing the bulk of any shopping they plan to do on the cruise at Grand Cayman, for the duty-free status ensures fabulous bargains on everything from watches to jewelry to crystal (Cayman Islands Department of Tourism). Tourists can, however, choose to escape the wall-to-wall people shopping in the main districts of George Town and Bodden Town, for Grand Cayman does offer secluded beaches, such as Cayman Kai or Rum Point, both of which are accessible by taxi (Harding, Silverstein, and Askin). Travelers should be aware that the local currency is the Cayman dollar, though United States dollars are accepted throughout the island on a regular basis (Harding, Silverstein, and Askin). As with Jamaica, Grand Cayman is not to be navigated by the faint of heart if a rental car is the chosen method of operation; the packing, moving crowds of people combined with the British left-side driving can be difficult to overcome (Harding, Silverstein, and Askin). This is not to say that rental cars are not available. Cico Avis is one agency that not only provides one-day rentals to cruise passengers, but offers a courtesy shuttle at the docks to its office location (Harding, Silverstein, and Askin). Americans are required to purchase driving permits while on Grand Cayman; they can be found at the rental car offices (Harding, Silverstein, and Askin). It is often easier, however, to plan to see Grand Cayman on foot, spend the same amount of money on a taxi, or ride a bus around the island (Harding, Silverstein, and Askin). The Grand Cayman is not known only for its shopping offerings to hungry tourists looking for a bargain. Scuba diving and snorkeling are two main attractions of the island, with the island boasting many fine scuba diving establishments such as Ocean Frontiers (Harding, Silverstein, and Askin). Travelers already certified in scuba should not turn down the opportunity to scuba dive through a service or Cayman-established dive business, for they can often provide guides and experienced divers to assist in many situations (Harding, Silverstein, and Askin). It should also be noted that the Cayman Wall is a world-renowned dive site, and should not be overlooked (Harding, Silverstein, and Askin). For those that wish to be in the water but not scuba-diving, head over to Stingray City, where tour boats offer buckets of squid for travelers to feed to giant stingrays, which are quite tame and used to being hand-fed (Harding, Silverstein, and Askin). There is also the Atlantic Submarine tour, which offers an up-close look at the Cayman Wall while staying dry and cool in an air-conditioned submarine (Harding, Silverstein, and Askin). If a traveler decides that land excursions are the way to go instead, there is still plenty to do. Grand Cayman boasts a wonderful nature area called Queen Elizabeth II Botanical Park, with over 65 acres of wetlands and nature walks (Harding, Silverstein, and Askin). There is also the Cayman Turtle Farm, home to 16,000 turtles, as well as a breeding ground and home for over five species of sea turtles (Harding, Silverstein, and Askin). For those that desire a more historical or cultural experience (or just want to stay away from water and nature altogether), the historical house known as the “castle” of Pedro St. James is considered to be the “birthplace of democracy” of the Cayman Islands (Harding, Silverstein, and Askin). It was here that island residents met in 1831 to elect the first legislative assembly, and the house itself, built in 1780, claims to be the oldest stone structure on the island (Harding, Silverstein, and Askin). Visitors will have a delightful time strolling around both the house and grounds. Those that wish to leave the confines of George Town or Bodden Town should head to the town called “Hell”. Perched on razor-sharp black rocks that form a view not unsuited to its town name, the town itself is considered a tourist trap but boasts a place to send postcards and other mail that will be postmarked “Hell” (Harding, Silverstein, and Askin). Those looking for a laugh often visit this place, in order to simply send mail that will surely delight those receiving it. For visitors that delight in a tour experience, several tour services are available, including those specific to factories and local favorites. Included in this classification is the Tortuga Rum Company, offering different kinds of rum for sampling (“Cayman Activity Guide”). Tortuga Rum is a blend of Jamaican and Barbados Rums, specifically providing Grand Cayman with its own type of rum (“Cayman Activity Guide”) Also at the factory rum cakes are offered for sale, making the tour a very sweet experience for all (“Cayman Activity Guide”). Grand Cayman Food and Drinks Grand Cayman offers a variety of food and drink to its visitors, from simple fare to expensive restaurants. Over 150 restaurants are located on Grand Cayman, offering a mix of over 140 nationalities in food fare; it would be almost impossible to find something that could nto suit the taste buds of any traveler (Cayman Islands Department of Tourism). Local favorite dishes include such offerings as Conch Stew, Turtle, and Cayman Style Beef (Cayman Islands Department of Tourism). Like Jamaica, “jerk” foods are offered here as well, and can be found in many restaurants on Grand Cayman (Cayman Islands Department of Tourism). To search before leaving the cruise ship, simply log on to the site caymangoodtaste.com, widely regarded as the best and most comprehensive guide of Cayman Dining on the web. If visitors are looking to combine a shopping experience and a food experience all in one, and happen to be in Grand Cayman on a Saturday, they should feel free to visit the Farmer’s Market Cooperative, located at Stacy Watler Agricultural Pavilion (Cayman Islands Department of Tourism). Fresh fish and produce are readily available at this location, as well as local eateries offering home-cooked meals and baked goods (Cayman Islands Department of Tourism). As Grand Cayman is an island in the ocean, plenty of fresh-caught seafood is offered at almost all island restaurants; a few eateries, indeed, specialize in this food (Cayman Islands Department of Tourism). If a traveler comes to Grand Cayman having never eaten fresh-caught seafood before, well, it certainly will be an experience to enjoy. Some local restaurants to check out are Aunt Sha’s Kitchen, offering local Cayman cuisine such as homemade key lime pie and conch fritters, and Biggies Restaurant, which has “jerk” chicken and pork, as well as other offerings (Cayman Islands Department of Tourism). For those that miss their home in the United States, the same local fast food that is enjoyed there can be enjoyed on Grand Cayman. Burger King and Arthur Treacher’s both have restaurants on the island (Cayman Islands Department of Tourism). Tired of fish and jerk chicken? Try a pizza from Domino’s, or Kentucky Fried Chicken if the need suits (Cayman Islands Department of Tourism). Even though it would be a pity not to sample the local fare, as over one million visitors come to Grand Cayman every year, it is understandable that some would stick to foods that they are most familiar with. It should also be noted that, if in doubt of where to go to find good food, ask a local! As mentioned before, the Caymanian people are a friendly people; they will not hesitate to direct a tourist to a good spot for food (Cayman Islands Department of Tourism). Locals take pride in sharing their heritage and their “secrets” with tourists, which again is not surprising, given the number that come to the island every year (Cayman Islands Department of Tourism). In short, if one finds themselves lost, wandering aimlessly, or in need of a good meal, do not be afraid to ask the first person seen where to get back on track. Cozumel, Mexico History of Cozumel Cozumel is another beautiful tropical destination offered on most Western Caribbean cruises. Known as Isla Cozumel in Spanish, its name means “Land of the Swallow”, and was called so for the birds seen on its shores (Cozumel Insider). It was settled first by the Mayans over 2000 years ago, a people that saw the land as a commercial trading stop and a place for a sacred shrine (Cozumel Insider). Most that came to the shrine were women, who made offerings to and worshipped the goddess Ix Chel, the Goddess of Fertility (Cozumel Insider). Long before Spanish conquistadors came to the island, the Mayan people regarded Cozumel as a place of both trade and worship. The conquistadors left a lasting, terrible legacy, with little respect for the Mayan culture and the land that they wished to obtain. Juan de Grijalva first discovered Cozumel for the Spanish in 1518, leaving behind a golden statue as a gift to the Mayan people which can still be seen in San Miguel Cathedral today (Cozumel Insider). He was followed by Hernan Cortes in 1519, who through both war and exposure to disease managed to devastate Cozumel and its population, taking it from 40,000 to 30 by 1570; by 1600, Cozumel was completely in ruins and uninhabited (Cozumel Insider). Far from the beautiful, bustling port that it had once been, it then lay silent and deserted. From this time until 1847, Cozumel was mostly inhabited by pirates. Seeing it as a safe harbor, it was used as a stopover port by such pirates as Henry Morgan, who used the island from 1658 to 1688 (Cozumel Insider). Other pirates hid on its land as well, and soon it was a regarded place of safety from the open waters (Cozumel Insider). After a hard journey of raiding and taking what belonged to others, pirates hid on its shores to count their booty before setting off again. In 1847, Cozumel was again settled, this time by Spanish families. The infamous “War of the Castes” had taken place in Mexico, and two distinct groups of Mestizos and Yucatecans settled in Cozumel (Cozumel Insider). The first group was about 51 families, all middle class, with about 86 servants that were all male between them (Cozumel Insider). The second was a group of poor Mayans numbering about 350, who had always felt more connected to the land than others (Cozumel Insider). These two groups were set apart not only by class and by distinction, and while a settlement was quickly established, so were racial and caste boundaries and work assignments (Cozumel Insider). Due to the fact that one of the immigrants had brought an image of St. Michael with them, San Miguel was quickly made the patron saint of the island, and the settlement given the name San Miguel (Cozumel Insider). Though it sounds as though the same system was set up in Cozumel that the people had fled in Mexico, it was actually a beneficial arrangement to all on the island. The Mestizos, the first group, established themselves as the dominant, land-owning group, parceling out acreage for farming and lots for building the settlement (Cozumel Insider). The field workers, mostly those in the second group of Mayans that had arrived, parceled out land amongst themselves according to abilities for farming (Cozumel Insider). The two groups were both bilingual and not at all displeased with the excellence of the land for agriculture and farming (Cozumel Insider). Though it seemed as though they were very different in class and caste, they managed to live together and repopulate the island. The population of the island continued to grow. By 1970, Cozumel had over 10,000 inhabitants, which grew again by the year 2000 to reach 65,000 (Cozumel Insider). It had been recognized as a settlement in 1849, only two years after the War of the Castes (Cozumel Insider). In the 1960s, the tourist trade finally found Cozumel after a documentary made by Jacques Cousteau, declaring it to be “one of the most beautiful diving sites in the world.” (Harding, Silverstein, and Askin) These days, the once-sleepy village boasts an active cruise port and hosts tourists from all over the world; however, it also boasts that it has been able to maintain its non-tourist side, leaving large stretches of pristine jungles untouched (Harding, Silverstein, and Askin). This is, without a doubt, something that Jamaica and Grand Cayman have not been able to do. Cozumel Sightseeing and Culture Living conditions in Cozumel are markedly better than on the Mexican mainland. Most inhabitants are generally considered to be middle-class, as well as deeply religious (“Cozumel My Cozumel”). It is common practice for cruise ships to tell travelers that they are not safe except when staying in “approved areas”, and it comes as no surprise that such “approved areas” are heavily dependent on the cruise trade for their income, going so far as to give a kickback to the major cruise lines (“Cozumel My Cozumel”). Overall, travelers are much safer on Cozumel than in other areas ventured to by cruise lines, and while common traveling sense should be exercised, such as not wearing good jewelry and/or flashing valuables to all and sundry, it is generally considered safe to navigate main streets without fear of getting robbed (“Cozumel My Cozumel”). It is also worthwhile to remember that Cozumel is accessible only by ferry from Mexico, and the cost to ride it there and back is sometimes more than a day of wages for most Mexicans, making crime low (“Cozumel My Cozumel”). Travelers looking for a bit of history while at Cozumel will not have to look far; the island is home to many sites of Mayan ruins. Over twenty Mayan archaeological sites have been discovered on the island of Cozumel, offering any interested traveler the opportunity to observe what was once both an integrated and large, proud society of people (Cozumel Insider). City ruins at San Gervasio provide a firsthand glimpse to the site where Mayan women journeyed to pray to Ix Chel, the Goddess of Fertility (Cozumel Insider). Other sites include El Cedral, which was considered to be the hub of city life for the Mayan culture on Cozumel, as well as the site of the first Spanish mass (Cozumel Insider). Unlike other ruins, the buildings here are very small and low, suggesting that they were used for major ceremonies of importance to the Mayan people (Cozumel Insider). A word to the wise: ruins are located all over the island. A journey to and from the ruin sites can easily take six hours both ways, so travelers should plan accordingly when deciding what to see, depending on their time allotted (Harding, Silverstein, and Askin). More modern attractions also abound at Cozumel. A visit can be made to the Butterfly Sanctuary by any nature lover (and non-lover), where the many colors and miracle of metamorphosis can be observed by visitors (Cozumel Insider). Visitors can also enjoy the beautiful landscapes of Cozumel on horseback with a tour around the island on one of the animals (Cozumel Insider). For avid golfers, Cozumel boasts an 18-hole golf course (Cozumel Insider). If nature is by far and away the first love, consider checking out the Sian Ka’an Biosphere Reserve, a 1.3 million acre reserve home to endangered manatees and other animals (Harding, Silverstein, and Askin). It also contains more than 1,000 varieties of plants, 350 species of birds and 70 different mammals (Harding, Silverstein, and Askin). Other nature sites include Panta Sur, an eco-tourist park for visitors that boasts some of the widest varieties of flora and fauna local and native to Cozumel, or Chankanaab National Park, which contains not only a beachfront grill site but also an archaeological park and botanical garden on-site, as well as an area where visitors can swim with dolphins for an extra fee (Harding, Silverstein, and Askin). Travelers should also plan on spending time in San Miguel, the one and only city in Cozumel which owes most of its popularity to the tourist trade. The city itself revolves around two landmarks, the “zocalo” (town square), known as Plaza del Sol, and the downtown pier (Harding, Silverstein, and Askin). For those that cannot leave an island without shopping, a whole day can be lost (or found) at Los Cinco Soles, a store that carries not only the usual arts and crafts and tourist souvenirs but good bargains on silver as well (Harding, Silverstein, and Askin). For those not looking for silver, duty-free sections can provide items such as watches and perfume (Harding, Silverstein, and Askin). Adjacent to the shop is a tequila bar and restaurant (Harding, Silverstein, and Askin). All of these combine into a true shopper paradise for a traveler visiting Cozumel. Like the Grand Cayman, Cozumel also has many diving and snorkeling sites and many, many activities on, around, or in the water. Visitors can dive at sites such as Palancar Reef, the second-longest reef system in the world, or at Chankanaab Caves and La Cieba Reef, to name three of many (Harding, Silverstein, and Askin). Divers should be especially alert for the C.A.D.O. stickers in the windows of some diving establishments, as these are reputed to be among the best on the island (Harding, Silverstein, and Askin). Visibility can reach almost 250 feet in the water, and divers will have no shortage of beautiful reefs and sights to see through their swim masks (Harding, Silverstein, and Askin). For those that wish a fishing experience in Cozumel, deep-sea fishing is available through a variety of establishments, but again, it is prudent to remember that different charters will offer different experiences, different prices, and most of all, may be fishing for different fish. For those that prefer to stay a little drier but still wish to catch a glimpse of underwater life, glass-bottomed boat tours are available. Some tours stop for snorkeling breaks, so if getting wet is definitely not in the itinerary of the day be sure to check out tours thoroughly before paying and embarking (Harding, Silverstein, and Askin). If staying on land but immersing oneself in the local culture is the aim, consider instead checking out the Museum of the Island of Cozumel, which contains exhibits on underwater sea life and the reefs surrounding Cozumel (Harding, Silverstein, and Askin). Travelers should also be aware that black coral is an endangered species and requires a government license if being sold at any establishment (Harding, Silverstein, and Askin). Though it is not illegal to buy coral jewelry in Cozumel, it is on the United States Department of State list as a “wildlife and wildlife products to avoid” meaning that travelers should not be afraid to buy coral, but should understand that it may be confiscated upon re-entry into the United States (Harding, Silverstein, and Askin). In some cases, it may be better to have a good look at it in a shop, but avoid buying it as a souvenir. Like Jamaica and Grand Cayman, the beaches in Cozumel are thrilling and should not be missed. The best beaches are on the western side of the island, where the winds are light and the water is usually calm; it is somewhat preferred to the rougher seas of the eastern side of Cozumel (Harding, Silverstein, and Askin). Paradise Beach offers a wide variety of swimming and snorkeling gear available for rent, while Playa Escondida is a more secluded beach if privacy is the wish of the day (Harding, Silverstein, and Askin). Whether lounging or swimming, travelers are once again reminded that sunscreen is a matter of common sense, and should consider purchasing and using large quantities of it. Getting around in Cozumel is not a challenge, as many methods are available. For some, just as in Montego Bay and Grand Cayman, on foot may be the best opportunity to see everything that is wanted, especially if the object is to shop (Harding, Silverstein, and Askin). There are also taxis available at the pier, and Hertz and Avis rent-a-car agencies operate in Cozumel (Harding, Silverstein, and Askin). Taxis are normally a flat rate, though some cabs do try and drive a hard bargain; to avoid paying too much, it is always best to settle on a fare before getting in and closing the door (Harding, Silverstein, and Askin). There are also “scoot cars” available for those that wish a more open-air experience than a regular car; these are somewhat like modified golf carts and can reach up to 45 mph (Harding, Silverstein, and Askin). Mopeds can also be rented by the day to see Cozumel; however, it is best to remember that not all mopeds are in perfect working order, and experiences have been made horrible by a broken-down moped and irregular service to repair it (Harding, Silverstein, and Askin). However visitors decide to see Cozumel, its breathtaking beauty and various sites are sure to make any traveler want to come back. Cozumel Food and Drinks Cozumel offers enough food and drink to keep any traveler happy. The national currency used to buy such items is the peso, though some restaurants accept United States dollars as well (Harding, Silverstein, and Askin). It is also worthwhile to note that better restaurants use bottled water to prepare and cook their food, while others do not (“Cozumel My Cozumel”). To be on the safe side, either ask or be sure the restaurant uses it, and avoid drinking the local water (“Cozumel My Cozumel”). This should not stop most visitors, however, from indulging in the local fare. Margaritas are a popular alcoholic drink in Cozumel, and can be consumed at length by many tourists of legal age; tequila is a popular drink as well as a souvenir item, and many varieties can be purchased at local shops (Harding, Silverstein, and Askin). Another alcoholic libation which can be consumed is the “michilada”, beer mixed with lime juice, which are available at most local bars (Harding, Silverstein, and Askin). As long as a traveler is on Cozumel, why not try a sampling of the food? The best local fare offered is generally thought to be at La Choza, a family-run restaurant boasting such dishes as pozole (corn soup), pollo en relleno negro (chicken in blackened sauce), and homemade avocado pie (Harding, Silverstein, and Askin). Other restaurants include Casa Denis, especially if a traveler is looking for historical atmosphere and ambience; this restaurant has been open since 1945 and has historical pictures lining its walls, including one of a young Fidel Castro (Harding, Silverstein, and Askin). For a tourist trap restaurant, Carlos’n’Charlie’s is situated right on the waterfront, famous for drinks of large size and bar food, as well as a frat-party type atmosphere (Harding, Silverstein, and Askin). Visitors are advised to limit themselves on the libations consumed at this establishment, as staggering back to the ship whilst drunk is often a chore for travelers and their companions alike. Other restaurants include Pancho’s Backyard, situated adjacently to a wonderful shopping area of Cozumel, offering margaritas and Mexican specialties (Harding, Silverstein, and Askin). If any travelers are in the mood for Italian fare, Guido’s is by far considered the best on the island, where travelers can eat inside or outside on the back patio while enjoying a warm, tropical climate (Harding, Silverstein, and Askin). As usual, travelers are advised to check their guidebooks and make sure upon arrival that each restaurant serves and uses bottled water. Cozumel, like many locations, boasts its share of local street vendors. These vendors sell anything from cooked food to fresh local produce (“Cozumel My Cozumel”). The selection of local produce available on Cozumel is, without a doubt, amazing and travelers can eat papaya, mango, and pineapple to their contentment without worrying about putting a dent in the supply (“Cozumel My Cozumel”). It is always the choice of the traveler as to what they will eat and drink. However, it serves as another reminder that not all places use bottled water, and while the water in Cozumel is chlorinated to some extent and considered safe to drink by the locals, it should be avoided by those just passing through (“Cozumel My Cozumel”). Before eating the local produce, take care to buy a bottle of iodine-based water purification drops; these are readily available at one of the three big grocery stores on the island (“Cozumel My Cozumel”). While eating and drinking the local cuisine does come at some risk, exercising these steps, along with common sense, should enable travelers to eat and drink in Cozumel without fear of taking home any unwanted stomach problems. Summing Up a Cruise Vacation Visitors should be wary in taking the approach to the Caribbean of “seen one island, seen them all.” Without a doubt, something different can be had at every stop, for every visitor. In Montego Bay, Jamaica, sample a wide variety of cuisine, or stop at a local roadside shack for a patty-snack while touring the historic district. Once at Grand Cayman Island, take the time to play with the sea turtles or stingrays, do some snorkeling, and take a tour of the Tortuga Rum Factory. Round out the day with duty-free shopping, making sure to give everything a good look. After debarking at Cozumel, the Mayan ruins and botanical gardens will delight any nature lover and history enthusiast, as long as time is planned for accordingly. Stopping off to have a margarita before boarding the cruise ship again will make any traveler feel as though they have enjoyed their experience. So, in short, have fun, relax, and make sure to plan the vacation so that everyone can see what they want to see, eat what they want to eat, and still have time on the their hands to enjoy themselves. Works Cited Cayman Islands Department of Tourism. “About Cayman.” Cayman Islands. Cayman Islands Department of Tourism, 2011. Web. 9 Jan 2012. Cozumel Insider. “Experience the Island!” The Cozumel Insider. The Cozumel Insider, 2012. Web. 9 Jan 2012. Harding, Maria, Erica Silverstein, and Dan Askin. The Cruise Critic. The Independent Traveler, Inc., 2012. Web. 8 Jan 2012. Koss, Richard. Jamaica. Oakland, CA: Lonely Planet Ltd., 2008. 42-45; 178-179. Print. “Making the Most of Your One Day on the Island.” Cozumel My Cozumel. N.p., 2010. Web. 9 Jan 2012. “Restaurants, Shopping, and Where to Go in Jamaica.” The Official Visitors Guide to Montego Bay, Jamaica. Smart Web Solutions, 04 Jan 2012. Web. 7 Jan 2012. Thame, Camilo. “20 per cent of Jamaicans Living in Poverty: Up from 16.5 per cent in 2009.” Jamaican Observer 15 Mar 2011, n. pag. Web. 8 Jan. 2012. “Tortuga Rum and Tortuga Rum Cakes.” Cayman Activity Guide. ActivArt, 2011. Web. 9 Jan 2012. “United Kingdom - Cayman Islands.” Commonwealth Secretariat. The Commonwealth, 2011. Web. 8 Jan 2012. United States. Department of State, Bureau of Public Affairs. Background Notes: Jamaica. Office of Electronic Information, 2011. Web. 8 Jan 2012. United States. Department of State, Bureau of Public Affairs. Background Notes: Cayman Islands. Office of Electronic Information, 2011. Web. 7 Jan 2012. Read More