Post Exercise Hypotension after Breathing Exercise - Research Paper Example

Name of university Department Name of student Student number Name of course Course number Effect of deep abdominal breathing exercise on post-exercise hypotension This research is submitted in partial fulfillment of requirements for the award of the degree of….. Declaration I hereby declare that this research work entitled “effect of deep abdominal breathing exercise on post exercise hypotension” is the result of my own research except as cited in the references The research has not been published in any medical journal or magazine and has never before been accepted in any institution of higher learning for any degree and also it is not currently submitted in candidature for any award of a degree or diploma certification Name of the student Signature of the student Date Table of contents Table of contents 3 POST EXERCISE HYPOTENSION AFTER BREATHING EXERCISE 3 Effect of deep abdominal breathing exercise on post-exercise hypotension 4 ABSTRACT 4 INTRODUCTION 4 DATA COLLECTION METHODS 5 SUBJECTS 5 TABLE 1: SUBJECTS DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS (MEAN ± SEM) 6 EXPERIMENTAL PROTOCOL 7 STATISTICAL DATA ANALYSIS 7 TABLE 2: OBSERVED DEVIATIONS OF SYSTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE AND DIASTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE IN PRE-AND POST-EXERCISE PERIOD 8 DISCUSSION OF THE RESULTS 9 Conclusion 10 Recommendations 10 Bibliography 11 POST EXERCISE HYPOTENSION AFTER BREATHING EXERCISE Effect of deep abdominal breathing exercise on post-exercise hypotension ABSTRACT The primary objective of this study was to investigate if deep breathing exercise results into persistent post-exercise hypotension that can affect activities of daily living for the subjects. Five normotensive males aged 26.0 ± 1.0 (mean ± SD) completed deep abdominal breathing exercises. Blood pressure both systolic and diabolic) was measured before the start of the exercise and immediately at the end of the exercise and thereafter at an interval of 20 minutes for the next two hours by using self-inflating sphygmomanometer. Systolic blood pressure decreased from 119.4mmHg to 111.9mmHg while diabolic blood pressure increased from 79.4mmHg to 75.2mmHg. Both Systolic Blood Pressure and Diabolic Blood Pressure stabilized after 60 minutes. Conclusion: a single deep breathing exercise has an effect of lowering systolic blood pressure for an hour and this post-exercise hypotension is not sustained. Key words: post-exercise hypotension, systolic blood pressure, diabolic blood pressure, sphygmomanometer INTRODUCTION Floras et al (1989:28-35) indicates that post-exercise hypotension is a characteristic decrease in resting blood pressure following a physical exercise. Wilcox et al (1987:151-162) argues that incidences of post-exercise hypotension among normotensive individuals is not consistent due to compensatory mechanisms like baroreflex that is activated in normotensive individuals resulting into restriction process that inhibits post-exercise hypotension from affecting orthostatic tolerance. Coats (1999:289-298) suggests that post-exercise hypotension is independent of age and has been observed in young individuals middle aged and old persons (Southard and Hart 1991:135-142). MacDonald et al (1999:148-154) indicates that the median decrease in blood pressure is 7.0-8.0mmHg for systolic blood pressure and 8.0-9.0mmHg for diabolic blood pressure in normotensive individuals. Different types of aerobic exercises lead into post-exercise hypotension like walking (Wilcox et al 1987:151-162), running (Southard and Hart 1991:135-142), leg ergometry (Floras et al 1989:28-35) and arm ergometry (MacDonald et al 2000:317-320). Somers et al (1985:S129-S130) indicates that the magnitude of the muscle involved in the physical exercise does not affect post-exercise hypotension. MacDougall et al (1985:785-790) indicates that decrease in blood pressure that occurs a few seconds or minutes after a resistance exercise is brought about by instantaneous perfusion of previously occluded muscle mass and transient blood pressure reduction and is not related to post-exercise hypotension that could last for one hour or more depending on the health status of the person under investigation. DATA COLLECTION METHODS SUBJECTS Before data collection on effects of deep breathing exercises on post exercise hypotension was carried out, the five male participants completed an informed consent form (as recommended by Resolution 196/96 and Declaration of Helsinki) that provided details on procedures involved in the study, method of data collection to be used and objectives of the study. Ethical approval for the study was granted by the university ethics committee. The five-male participants’ underwent a medical fitness check-up that involved interviews and physical examination to determine their hypertension status and any risk factor that could have formed part of exclusion criteria. The participants were non-smokers, didn’t eat a lot of salt, did not drink alcohol were not diabetic and didn’t suffer from any hypertension predisposing condition like obesity/overweight or have a family history of hypertension and hence found normotensive. The participants were informed not to drink any stimulant for 48 hours before the study was carried out as stimulants like alcohol and caffeine could have interfered with cardiovascular response hence distort observations and conclusions from the study. The five males had an age range of 26 ± 1 year with a weight range of 60 ± 5.4 kilograms and a height range of 140.0 ± 4.5 centimetres. TABLE 1: SUBJECTS DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS (MEAN ± SEM) Particulars Experimental protocol Number of participants (n) 5 Age (years) 26 .0 ± 1.0 Height (centimeters) 140 ± 4.5 Weight(kilograms) 60.0 ± 5.4 VO2peak (M/KG-1min-1) 39.6 ± 1.9 EXPERIMENTAL PROTOCOL Upon arrival of participants, measures were put in place to ensure the participants were comfortable for twenty minutes in order to prepare them for measurements of pre-exercise blood pressure. After the participants comfort level was assured, the participants underwent deep abdominal breathing exercises. The males were instructed to perform full deep belly breathing that involved a series of inhalations for a count of 8 seconds, followed by sustained breath or breathe hold for five seconds and gradual exhalation lasting for 10 seconds. The deep breathing exercise lasted for 20 minutes. Immediately at the end of the deep breathing exercise, the 5 males were measured their immediate post-exercise blood pressure (post-exercise blood pressure at time zero) and thereafter at an interval of 20 minutes for the next two hours. The blood pressure was measured using self inflating Sphygmomanometer (Copal UA 231, Takada Medical Inc.,Tokyo). STATISTICAL DATA ANALYSIS The collected data was analyzed using SPSS version 11.0 (Windows statistical package). The data was treated to two-entry ANOVA (participant × time). Between participant analysis was done by using independent t-test with alpha value set at p Read More