The Pap Smear Test For Cervical Cancer - Research Paper Example

The Pap Smear Test For Cervical Cancer Pap test is one of the oldest tests used in screening cervical cancers among women. According to the National Cancer Institute (2014), the enormous amount of data has consistently supported the effectiveness of the test in lowering mortality from cervical cancer. This because new incidences, as well as mortality cases due to cervical cancer, have declined drastically following the proper implementation of screening campaigns. Iceland, for instance, saw mortality rates go down by 80%, Finland 50% and Sweden 34% for over twenty years.

The same has been observed in Canada and America in huge populations and the decline in both incidences and deaths were proportionate the intensity of the screening campaign. The article also has data on prevalence and epidemiology of cervical cancer and recommends regular screening. The accuracy of the test is influenced by a number of factors; typically determination of both sensitivity and specificity for a test involves studies applying standard testing on all the participating persons. Studies comparing the test have shown its detection sensitivity to be between 55% - 80% but due to the slow pace at which cervical cancer grows; sensitivity can be higher in a program of regular screening with Pap.

In determining the test’s sensitivity and specificity, there is the requirement for defining a standard for the test as well as the standard threshold for reference. Practically, ASCUS is mostly applied as the threshold for the test while CIN 1 is utilized as the standard for reference. With the combination, the sensitivity of approximately 68% is achieved and 75% specificity. LSIL could be the most appropriate threshold for the test when used with CIN 2-3 as the standard for reference and with this combination, up to 70%-80%, sensitivity & 95% specificity levels are achieved.

It is important to note that obtaining adequate specimen is crucial in determining accuracy and integrity of a Pap smear test. In conclusion, therefore, screening is very important in the management of cervical cancer and therefore regular testing is recommended for women. Sensitivity and specificity of the test can be very high if the screening is done appropriately with the adequate specimen and large cohorts of participants.References.1. National Cancer Institute. (2014). Cervical Cancer Screening.

Retrieve from http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/screening/cervical/HealthProfessional/page2