Overview Traits of Diabetes Mellitus, Hypertension, Obesity, Prostatic Hyperplasia for Patients - Research Paper Example

LITERATURE REVIEW OVERVIEW OF DIABETES MELLITUS Chronic diseases are a matter of concern in the health industry today. Among contemporary chronic diseases, diabetes mellitus is seen to strike as the most prevalent. It is found to be the major etiology of stroke and heart disease. In United States, the prevalence of diabetes mellitus that is diagnosed in the age group “65 years or above” is “seven” times higher than those aged between “20-40 years” (Diabetes Report Card, 2012, p-1). The prevalence of diabetes is higher among the “Hispanic Americans” and “non-Hispanic black” than their counter parts of “white non- Hispanic” ”(Diabetes Report Card, 2012, p-1). Many methods have been identified for the management of diabetes mellitus. Evidence suggests that there is a direct proportional relationship between the intake of fruits and vegetables and the reduction of risk in developing diabetes mellitus. Moreover, the higher the intake of green leafy vegetables the more chances are of preventing the development of diabetes mellitus. A systematic review and meta analysis conducted by Carter et al (2) emphasises the need for higher consumption of green leafy vegetables. Another study conducted by Steyn et al suggests the prevention of diabetes mellitus through dietary control. The study is based on clinical trials and cohort studies, where they suggest that increased risk of diabetes mellitus is related to “obesity” (Steyn et al., 2004). The study further emphasises that there is diminished possibility of diabetes mellitus in patients who are “physically active” (Steyn,et al., 2004, p.147) and who maintain a “normal BMI (body mass index)” (p.151) during adulthood than overweight patients with “impaired glucose tolerance” (p.147). Several studies suggest observing the effectiveness of different therapies implied in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. A study conducted by William H et al concluded that proper use of “SMBG- structured self-monitoring of blood glucose” reduces the blood glucose level in “non insulin-treated type 2 diabetes mellitus” (Diabetes Care, 2014, p-1) without affecting the general wellbeing of the patient. Another study suggests the barriers involved in adherence to “insulin therapy” (Davies, et al., 2014) in patients with diabetes mellitus. The study conducted by Davies MJ concluded that use of pen device for insulin injection improved the adherence of patients to insulin therapy as fear of injection and embarrassment were ruled out to be the reasons for non-adherence. The guideline by AACE (2) promotes medical “nutritional therapy” and regular physical activity including strength training exercises for changes in “therapeutic lifestyle” (Keah, 2010) in the management of DM. OVERVIEW ON HYPERTENSION A guide by ASH suggests that the management of hypertension includes identifying the risk factors associated with the disease and possibility of occurrence of other conditions in association with hypertension, such as “cardiovascular diseases” (Michael et al n.d. p-5). It also suggests that the pharmacologic management of hypertension should be started in patients diagnosed of blood pressure “ Read More

 

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