Second Malignancies in Breast Cancer Patients Following Radiotherapy - a Study in Florence, Italy - Article Example

? Research Article Analysis: Health, Science and Medicine Research Article Analysis: Health, science and medicine Research papers focus on evidence and proof. Experts and researches undergo thorough study to identify the proofs and results of the research topic. Research papers are written with a collection of authentic data and evidence. Therefore, judging a research paper involve several aspects that shall be vigilantly evaluated and analyzed. This document aims at analyzing research paper of health and care. A research paper aims at determining the cause of the problem and further identifies the problem through various methodologies and approaches. To study a particular topic researchers identify various techniques, methods and approaches to determine affects and results. Further this document aims to analyze five health and medicine research papers. The main focus of these research papers is the development of medicines and their advantages and disadvantages on humans. It shall further illustrate various criteria of the research papers and analyze its criteria. The article chosen for analysis are related to the development of medicine for a cure of cancer. Research paper 1 Breast cancer patients are often cure and treated by radiation therapy and second malignances treatments. These radiology therapies have adverse impacts on human health (Zhang, Becciolini, Biggeri, Pacini, & Muirheal, 2011). Various studies and researches have concluded that radiation therapy created different other health issues. This research paper studies the impacts of radiology treatment for breast cancer patients (Zhang, Becciolini, Biggeri, Pacini, & Muirheal, 2011). The research papers aims to discuss the risks and effects of second malignancies and radiotherapy. It further studies possible influences of the treatment method and its impacts on age and menopausal status. Analyzing the research paper it can be determined that the main issues of the paper are to evaluate various other health problems created due to radiology treatment (Zhang, Becciolini, Biggeri, Pacini, & Muirheal, 2011). The problem in the paper has been well defined perhaps the purpose has been not defined yet the research has been evident. The main focus of the study is to evaluate the health concerns in the group of patients treated with radiation therapy with the comparison to the patients that are no treated with the radiation therapy. The methods and procedure does not reside with the thesis statement. Furthermore, material and data has been extracted from Florida (Zhang, Becciolini, Biggeri, Pacini, & Muirheal, 2011). Therefore, the results of the research are specifies the health impacts in a certain region i.e. Florida. The research paper has used an approach of coherent study of 5248 women in Florida who have been treated with various radiation therapies. The study has been focused on the long term effect of the radiation therapy among the breast cancer patients (Zhang, Becciolini, Biggeri, Pacini, & Muirheal, 2011). The research has adopted secondary research approach and has further used Cox proportional hazard model for the ungrouped survival data to estimate the risks and deaths of the other cancer created through radiotherapy. The collection of the data has been derived from a specific region; therefore the results of the research cannot be applicable to women in the world (Zhang, Becciolini, Biggeri, Pacini, & Muirheal, 2011). The results indicate that the risk of second malignancies and caner are relatively higher among the women treated after menopause. The research could have done at a broader approach if the sampling of the data would have done on a broader scale. Analyzing the research paper, it can be determined that the sampling has been derived from a certain region. Furthermore, the paper has been well defined with the problem and, sampling and approach for the study has been effective and evident for the results. Perhaps the research method and approach has been not well defined. Breast cancer is the worldwide prevailing disease. But the results of this research are focused on Florida therefore it limits the research for understanding the impacts of radiotherapy on the breast cancer patients around the world would face second malignancies and cancers after the treatment. Research paper 2 The research paper to be analyzed researches genes and genetic role in the development of cancer and further involves various genetic technologies for treatment of disease. Hypotheses of this paper research the genetic involvement in origination of diseases and cancer. The hypothesis and thesis statement of the paper is coherent and well defined. Further analyzing research paper it can be determined that the hypotheses statement of the paper is clear and well defined. Further it justifies the variables and approaches. The method and approach of the paper is comprehensive. Comprehensive method has been adopted by the researcher to prove the hypotheses (Mulvihill, 2013). The research has been conducted with the collective of world’s statics and data. Though there are several cancers, the research paper does not focuses on a certain type of cancer but studies collectively about various cancer originated in different countries of the world. For the purpose the researcher has also discusses the various environmental and genetic diversification contributing and development of cancer. The paper discusses genetic variation and environment factors to study types of cancer in a different region of the world. The researcher has carefully study the environmental factor as a tool to study the genetic variation and cancer development (Mulvihill, 2013). Moreover, the researcher has used the comparison and studies two factors (i.e. environment and genetic variation) as the tool to determine development of cancer all over the world. The research has been focused on two independent variable and their relations. The two variable in the research paper aims to have a connection to the problem as both factors contribute towards the cancer development (Mulvihill, 2013). For the purpose the researcher uses a comprehensive approach. The data collection and sampling has been obtained from different regions of the word and health bureau. As research has been conducted on the world’s statics, it can be determined that the researchers have been relied on secondary data collection. The research and the study have been carried out on the data that was obtained from different statistics (Mulvihill, 2013). Moreover, the sampling has been made from different regions of the world (Mulvihill, 2013). The data collection is a combination of various grouped data from different regions. The approach and the method used for the research makes the research more relied and efficient. As it has studied the problem collectively, unlike other researches this research can be applicable for the whole world (Mulvihill, 2013). Analyzing the sampling and data collection of the research, it can be determined that the research data and sample are evident and more relied as compared to other researches. The data used in this research cannot be questioned as sources of data are relied and more evident. Research paper 3 The research paper we shall analyze studies the second cancer among the survivals of the cervical cancer. The paper aims to discuss the second cancer risks develop among the survival patients diagnose with cervical cancer (Chaturvedi, Engels, Golbert, & Chen, 2012). The research topic aims to evaluate the long term impacts and effects of the radio therapy resulting in another cancer risk among the patients of cervical cancer. The hypothesis of the paper is well defined, furthermore the topic is relating to current health diseases and treatment method (Chaturvedi, Engels, Golbert, & Chen, 2012). It aims to discuss the long term trends of thesecond cancer that have been reported time to time. In order to understand the significance of the treatment the researcher has developed hypotheses that shall address the long termeffects of second cancer. The method that has been used in the research limits to data of a certain region. The research has been conducted on 13 populations mainly from the western world (Chaturvedi, Engels, Golbert, & Chen, 2012). The data that has been used for the research is from one year survivals of cervical cancers in Denmark, Finland, United States, Ireland, Norway and Sweden (Chaturvedi, Engels, Golbert, & Chen, 2012). The research has adopted secondary data to evaluate the hypothesis. The methodology of the paper involves the standardized incidence ratio to calculate second cancers among the patients of cervical cancer, patients treated with the radiation therapy and the women above the age of 40 (Chaturvedi, Engels, Golbert, & Chen, 2012). Furthermore, the methodology uses the cox regression approach to assess the time variation to determine the factor of second risk factor among patients and effects of radiation therapy indifferent ages. The data collection has been obtained from a certain region. Therefore the research and its results are not applicable for the world (Chaturvedi, Engels, Golbert, & Chen, 2012). The research is more applicable to understand the problem in the western region. The sampling of the population has been adopted by several health institution, health centers and health statistics beaure. The research mainly focuses the women populationtherefore; the sampling for the research is grouped and has been extracted from 13 different populations (Chaturvedi, Engels, Golbert, & Chen, 2012). The topic of the paper is more concerned to evaluate the future and long term affects of radiation therapy. So the research has carried surveys and extracted health information about the patients. This shows that the research approach involves a strong literature review of the health issues of the patients. This research also involves secondary research techniques to evaluate its hypothesis. The results and the conclusion of the research paper states that the age factor among the patients surviving through cervical cancer may face higher risks among the patience diagnose cancer after the age of 40. The research approach of the paper has been strong to evaluate the results of risks of second cancer among the patient treated with radiation therapy. The research has adopted a comprehensive and collective data collection that has provided significant evidence and results. The literature and the sources acquired have made the research to be evident and effective that can be reviewed in times to come. Research paper 4 Pharmacogenetic is a broad field that can be studied and researched to discover new anticancer drugs. The research paper aims to discuss the variability in the treatment and responses of therapeutic index of anti-cancer drugs (Lazarus & Sun, 2010). The hypotheses of the paper define that the pharmacogenetic can be utilized for the development and discovery for new anti-cancer drugs (Lazarus & Sun, 2010). The research paper clearly defines the topic that it shall evaluate. The research paper states hypothesis in the clear and effective manner as the problem has been clearly mentioned. Furthermore, the research aims to assess the studies and different aspects of the two variables (i.e. germline polymorphism and somatic mutation). The methodology this research paper uses is to assess the various combinations of the germline polymorphism and genetic mutation. Two independent variables have been stated in the paper. The research paper has adopted an approach to identify the relationship between two variable for innovations and discoveries for anti-cancer drugs and medicines (Lazarus & Sun, 2010). The genetic variation has been proved in various ways in the paper that has further related to the germline and gene mutation to discover a method and treatment for the cancer (Lazarus & Sun, 2010). Analyzing the approach and methodology of the paper it can be determined that the paper has developed understanding of different variation with respect to the genetic changes to aid cancer (Lazarus & Sun, 2010). The data and informationadopted for the paper has been obtained from professional institution of medications and data collection has been obtained through different grouped and ungrouped sampling from different regions of the world. The research has provided practical implication and recommendation for the pharmacogenetic testing to cancer therapeutics. Further the data provided for support are evident and pertains use of variation of germline and dugs (Lazarus & Sun, 2010). The results of the paper are strong and prove the hypotheses to be strong. It further recommends and analyzes the limitation of the pharmacogenetic transformation for anticancer drugs (Lazarus & Sun, 2010). The variables chosen for the studies are well collaborated with the understanding and application. Therefore, the research can be determined as a strong and evident for the future researches to cure cancer. Research paper 5 The research paper aims to discuss the mammographic density as the risk facto to associate with the interval cancers (Eriksson, Czene, Rosenberg, & Tornberg, 2013). The hypothesis of the paper clearly defines the mammographic as a cause of problem I the paper. The problem stated in the paper relates interval cancers with mammographic density (Eriksson, Czene, Rosenberg, & Tornberg, 2013). Therefore, the paper carefully studies interval cancers while considering mammographic density. Further analyzing the methodology of the paper it can be determined that the researcher has extracted data from the grouped data (Eriksson, Czene, Rosenberg, & Tornberg, 2013). The data focuses on women ageing between 50-74 years. Furthermore, sample has been obtained from a particular country (i.e. Sweden). The results of the research have been obtained after analyzing data of two consecutive years 1993-1995. This shows that the paper has considered on specific gender, age and time period. The research is focused on a certain audience and focuses a certain region. Therefore, results and findings of the research may not be applicable to all patients going through cancer (Eriksson, Czene, Rosenberg, & Tornberg, 2013). This research is the primary research attempt to understand the relationship among the two variables (Eriksson, Czene, Rosenberg, & Tornberg, 2013). Furthermore, the paper has not provided any sufficient evidence to support the research paper. Therefore, outcomes of the research can be rectified by future studies and research (Eriksson, Czene, Rosenberg, & Tornberg, 2013). The paper has adopted Cox proportional method to evaluate and compare the mammographic density with the survivals of the breast cancers (Eriksson, Czene, Rosenberg, & Tornberg, 2013). Analyzing the approach adopted by the research is the primary collection of data from lavatories. Furthermore, the researcher has developed a measure of differential and surveys to evaluate the results. Analyzing results of the research it can be perceived Interval cancer is more affective for the women non dense breast (Eriksson, Czene, Rosenberg, & Tornberg, 2013). Contrary the denser breast makes the prognosis of interval cancer more ineffective as the screen detection in the denser breast are least partially and attributable. The research involves primary research method to investigate the relationship between mammography and interval cancers. The attempt of the research is not evident which can be rectified as the future researches can be done on the topic and further justify its application. The paper has made a first attempt to understand the relationship between interval cancer and mammographic density. The results of the paper state that denser breasts have a higher risk as compared to the less dense breast. The hypotheses have been evaluated on the primary screening research attempted by the researcher and data collected from various institutions. Analyzing five research papers, it comes to understanding that the criteria adopted by the researcher shall be well defined. In order for the research to be appropriate and evident the researcher shall carefully determine the approaches that he may opt. References Brown, L., Chen, B., & Pfeiffer, R. (2007). Risk of second non-hematological malignancies among. Breast cancer Retreat. Chaturvedi, A. K., Engels, E. S., Golbert, E. S., & Chen, B. E. (2012). Second caners among 104760 survivors of cervical cancer: evaluation of long term risk. Chaturvedi, A. k., RA, K., & Hildesheim, A. (2009). Second cancers after squamous cell. 967-973. Eriksson, L., Czene, K., Rosenberg, L. U., & Tornberg, S. (2013). Mammographic density and survival in interval breast cancers. Breast Cancer Research , 12-44. Karlsson, C., Malmer, B., Wiklund, F., & Gronberg, H. (2006). Breast cancer as a second primary in patients. J Urol , 538-543. Lazarus, P., & Sun, D. (2010). Potential role of UGT pharmacogenetics in cancer treatment and prevention: focus on tamoxifen and aromatase inhibitors. Drug Metab , 15. Mulvihill, J. (2013). Genetics in prevention and teatment of cancer. WHO , 1-12. PJ, B., & MS, S. (2007). Secondary cancer after radiotherapy for prostate cancer: should we be. Euro Urol , 973-982. Zhang, W., Becciolini, Biggeri, A., Pacini, P., & Muirheal, C. R. (2011). Second malignancies in breast cancer patients following radiotherapy: a study in Florence, Italy. Breast Cancer Research, 101-109. Read More