Determining the Rates of Biosynthesis of Porphyrin in Relation to -Aminolaevulic Acid Dehydrate - Essay Example

Determining the Rates of Biosynthesis of Porphyrin in Relation To ? -Aminolaevulic Acid Dehydrate The erythrocytes’ ability to synthesize porphyrins specifically from ?-aminolaevulic acid can be determined only by comparing the true iron deficiency anaemic person with a person suffering from anemia and suffering rheumatoid arthritis concurrently. Different experiments have determined that biosynthesis of porphyrin are impaired in the true iron deficiency persons unlike in persons suffering from rheumatoid arthritis. It should be noted that persons with varied degree of anemia were used for the research but the degree affecting the rate of porphyrin biosynthesis was not determined. Therefore, this research aims at determining the effects of different rates of biosynthesis of porphyrin in relation to ?-aminolaevulic acid dehydrate and the advantage of such effective rate porphyrin to the public. Introduction Porphyrin biosynthesis rate in mammals is usually controlled by pyridoxal 5’-phosphate activity dependent of 5-aminolevulinate synthase enzyme. The turnover of the 5-aminolevulinate synthase enzyme is usually controlled by conformational dynamics in relation to a highly conversed active site known as loop. Based on this postulate, it is possible to construct a variant library through imperfectly conserved noncatalytic loop residues. From the same residues, it appropriate to examine the effects of porphyrin production and products. The functional variant loops of the enzymes will be isolated through genetic complementation in the Escherichia coli stains. Notably, the end products will be effective in hospitals especially among the patients with related diseases. Aminolevulinate (ALA) is a tetrapyrolle biosynthesis universal building block. In mammals, purple ?-subclass and eukaryotes bacteria usually catalyze the production of ALA. This process is usually catalyzed by the pyridoxal 5?-phosphate (PLP). Notably, this process is dependent of 5-aminolevulinate synthase (ALAS) enzyme. This reaction usually involves cliasen like condensation of glycine and succinyl – coenzyme – A that usually yield ALA, carbon dioxide, and CoA. ALAS usually catalyzes the first steps of tetrapyrrole biosynthesis and it is a rate determining step of the reaction pathway. Consequently, ALAS over expression in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells usually results into accumulation of photosensitizing heme precursor photoporphyrin IX. Therefore, it is worth determining whether these properties can potentially lead to the application of the ALAS variants or ALAS within the photodynamic therapy of tumors among other dysplasia. Porphyrin biosynthesis rate in mammals is usually controlled the pyridoxal 5?-phosphate-dependent enzyme 5-aminolevulinate synthase activities. Therefore, it is assumed that the turnover of this enzyme is controlled by the application conformational dynamics site loop and is highly conserved as have been reported in other research works. Additionally, to determine the rate of the porphyrin biosynthesis, a variant library will be constructed using imperfectly conserved non catalyst loop residues. On the other hand, the effects of these products and the porphyrin production. The enzyme’s functional loop variants will be tested for the porphrin fluorescence that will facilitate the encoding of the active enzyme variants. The nine loop variants will be purified and characterized kinetically to determine the high porphyrin production in vivo. The efficiency of the steady state catalytic efficiency especially for the substrates will be increased a hundred folds. Notably, the postulate of the data support of the active site loop is known to control the rate of porphyrin production and the product itself. Problem Definition The determination of the rate of the porpyrin biosynthesis will be of use in the intervention in medicine related therapies including in the application in the treatment, prevention, and control of diseases including cancer, hypertension, and atherosclerosis as well as in the prevention of restenosis. Additionally, determination on the porphyrin biosynthesis will help in the creation and identification as well as the use of 5- aminolevulinate synthase variants for conferring maximal photosensitivity on a specific cell population. The application of PDT is quite expensive especially in terms of time and its likelihood to generate other cell problems; therefore, developing and selling alternative cell tumor problems will help curb the problem. Hence, this project aims at describing alternative means of treating cell related problems and selling the same to the hospitals and patients. Solution and Benefits Smoking of tobacco is almost the leading cause of death in numerous part of the world. Notably, diseases or health complications that are associated with tobacco smoking are usually preventable. There is a well defined correlation between tobacco smoking and cancerous diseases including lung, bladder, larynx, esophageal, and oral cancer among others. Therefore, introducing a drug or a mechanism that will counter the effects of smoking will be accepted greatly in the market. Notably, exposure to smoking of tobacco also leads to coronary artery atherosclerosis that usually leads to abdominal oartic aneurysms. Different treatment mechanisms including photodynamic therapy that is pegged on differential uptake cancerous have been used. The photodynamic therapy usually target cells that have photosensitizing agents. The application of photosensitive agents on the target cell usually leads to the irritation of the cell that leads to a photochemical reaction. This mode of treatment usually targets a specific cell where they accumulate and kills the target cell from its intensive irritation caused by photochemical reaction on such cells. It should be noted that these target cells are usually characterized by rapid growth or proliferation relative to the surrounding tissues or cells within the target environment. Therefore, if the chemical energy of these cells could have been specified according the rate of porphyrin biosynthesis, then the right amount or quantity of photosensitizing agent could have been directed to the cells without error of overdose. Hence, adopting the use of the effective rate will help in reducing the amount of photosensitizing agent to be applied on such cells in case of treating a patient for the related carcinogenic infections. Treatments that involve the use of PDT protocols typically involve the use of photosensitizer for 15 minutes to nearly two days prior to the application of the radiation or light. This duration is to allow photosensitizer to accumulate properly on the target issue. This is amount of time usually has numerous disadvantages both to the doctors and patients and to the economy of the country. The current mode of using PDT situation and mode of subjecting cells to radiations may lead to other complication on the surrounding cells. Additionally, the entire process usually leads to time waste to both doctors and patients. Moreover, only few patients can be attended to in a day or within specific period of time. Therefore, adopting aspecfic rate upon which porphyrin become digamous to the body cells will help in reducing such disadvantages. Drugs that will reduce the time wastage and allow several patients to be treated will sustain economy other than putting patients in waiting line for a time consuming treatment procedure. Therefore, adopting an effective rate enabled porphyrin biosynthesis will support economy effectively. It is significant to note that the rate limiting step in the porphyrin heme biosynthetic pathway is usually controlled by 8-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) –synthetase found in the mitochondrial enzyme. Therefore, supplying this element to the patients will help reduce the related diseases and patients being subjected to tiresome and time consuming treatments. Notably, the activities of this enzyme can be controlled by introducing a feedback repression. This can be done by introducing variety of chemical substances. The processor usually considers heme as the end product of the porthyrin biosynthetic pathway. However, ALA-synthetase can be induced as a drug or a foreign chemical to provoke exacerbation especially through inducing mechanisms. Market Analysis Marketing Research A market research for the sale of Aminolevulinate (ALA) will be conducted in hospital towards seeking their approval and suitability of the drug for the treatment of cell that have been damaged by cancerous agents (Pugh, and. Bacon 423). It is worth noting that the drug is mainly targeting doctors and chemists but to be sold directly to the patients. In other words, patients can only use the drug after seeks medical direction and subscription from the doctor. Market Opportunity Effective determinatiuon of rate of porphyrin biosynthesis is expected to have minimum market resistance since the available drugs used for the same purpose seems to be expensive both in cost and time required for the treatment (Pugh, and. Bacon 413). Therefore, the introduction of the high rate biosynthesis porphyrin agents is expected to have both local and international markets. Additionally, the use of the drug will require limited diagnostics especially after a patient have tested with related disease that requires enhanced rate of porphyin biosynthesis. Moreover, there has never been an alternative other than the use of PDT; therefore, the use of pyridoxal 5?-phosphate-dependent of enzyme 5-aminolevulinate synthase. Unlike the PDT that must be admistered in hospital on specific hospital beds, the use of Aminolevulinate (ALA) is flexible since it can be used at any point once the doctor has prescribed the same to a patient. Government Regulation It is apparent that the supply of pyridoxal 5?-phosphate-dependent of enzyme 5-aminolevulinate synthase will not face immense resistance from the government since it will reduce time wastage; thus, supporting the economic growth (Pugh, and. Bacon 313). Additionally, it has been proven in the biochemistry laboratories that Aminolevulinate (ALA) is the only effective and healthy means of elevating the functionality or the biosynthesis of porphyrin. Prizing Manufacturing of Aminolevulinate (ALA) is not that expensive; thus, the product will be sold at affordable prize to all classes of economies. Obstacles Selling Aminolevulinate (ALA) may be faced with some challenges of rejection unless specialized doctors or medical practitioners are used in its marketing. To curb this challenge, I propose to approach and convince medical practitioners from a well recognized firm to be part of marketing of this porphyrin biosynthetic agent. Work Cited Top of Form Kadish, Karl M, Kevin M. Smith, and Roger Guilard. Handbook of Porphyrin Science: With Applications to Chemistry, Physics, Materials Science, Engineering, Biology and Medicine. Hackensack, N.J: World Scientific, 2012. Pugh, David G, and Terry R. Bacon. Powerful Proposals: How to Give Your Business the Winning Edge. New York: AMACOM, 2005. Print. Appendix Budget Kindly insert the budget of this proposal since I don’t know the rates or pricing of items in your country. Additionally, add other items that you may require funding on. Item Price Aminolevulinate (ALA) Transportation Cost Payment for the Medical Practitioners Read More