Finance & Accounting Essays

The best “urban chic” business venture that is for both community spirited business and Olympic Games favorite is establishment of a fitness club which may be called Rollin Fitness Center. Unlike item selling shops in the region, fitness clubs are very few and they cannot meet the rising demand of clients in the region.

Why do Firms Voluntarily Disclose Information? Since modern corporate governance principles give first priority to shareholder values, today firms tend to disclose their financial as well as other information in annual report. An annual report exhibits current state of affairs of a company and it is prepared to serve the interest of shareholders and stakeholders including banks, employees, and general public better way.

It can also be technically defined as the possible direct loss or indirect loss in the corporation’s cash ?ows, assets and liabilities, net pro?t and, in turn, its stock market value following a move in exchange rate. For example, if money must be converted into a different currency to make a certain investment, changes in the value of the currency will affect the total loss or gain on the investment when the money is converted back.

The imposed tax was set to affect monetary transactions happening between fiscal institutions directly by levying 0.1% on any exchange of stakes and bonds, and 0.01% on all offshoot contracts. Due to its proposed gains, many people have since nicknamed the law as the ‘Robin Hood Tax’.

The financial instruments traded in the financial markets reflect current information available in the market. It also reflects people and expert opinion, assessed uncertainty and any other new information that is available in the market in order to be an efficient (Leigh, Wolfers, &Zitzewitz, 2003, p.1).

By the end of the program, I will have built an impressive network connected to the finance sector employers as well. I will complete my graduate studies by the age of 30. I will utilize the network that have cultivated as a student at Cambridge to gain employment at one of the top UK investment banks or consulting firms.

Advantages and Disadvantages of Conducting Business Offshore. Offshore company relates to the incorporation of a company overseas, and it is utilized in a way that investors are able to avoid tax laws imposed to business in their home countries. Moreover, the offshore are legal in any if they are set for the right purpose regarding the business in which they are involved.

In many companies accountants and managers are not afraid of being involved into fraudulent practices. The basic concepts "fraud" and "legitimacy" should be defined. Trochim & Donnelly develop a reliable basis for concepts considerations and development of further ideas in this research paper.

1. What happened in the 2007 financial crisis? Through asymmetric information hence adverse selection, the 2007 financial crisis was caused by the action and inaction by the government (Lounsbury 2010), which created a platform over which both banks, and bank-like institution taking excessive risks specifically in the mortgage backed security market (BBC News 2009).

Question 1 By upholding ethics in their auditing exercise, I think independent certified public accountants can maintain an independent audit engagement even if their fees are paid by the entity. By adopting the aspect of objectivity, that excludes prejudice, compromise and bias, auditors gives fair view of the company financial position.

It is a wide, complex function, usually carried out by the human resource department, and it incorporates undertakings such as training for enhanced performance, execution of employee growth programs, combined goal setting and recurring communication. Consequently, performance management can be said to be a logical process by which the general performance of an organization can be enriched, starting from individual level to team level.

Individual shareholders paid tax at a rate of a minimum 15% on qualifying corporate dividends, and about 10 to 20% lower than them federal tax rate which is at times as high as 35%. Those taxpayers who are currently paying a marginal federal tan of 10 to 15% pay no taxes for qualifying dividends as well as any long-term capital gains.

If a company is regarding social issues as significant while thinking of its corporate agenda, it aims at and practically involved in fulfilling its Corporate Social Responsibility (Hay, Stavins, & Vietor, 2005). The organizations are expected under laws and regulatory rules to work in accordance with patters, such that environment, commitment to value health, strong pledge for the safety of consumers and employees, and investing for the betterment of communities in which they are operating is visible in their efforts (Hay, et.

Here, borrowing is considered a financing activity and since overdrafts are borrowings for a short time, they are thus added to cash flow statement. Moreover, they are included in cash flow statement because their payment is based on demand from cash management and thus composes what is called cash and cash equivalent.

CAPM and Its Practical Use. CAPM refers to the capital asset pricing model, a widely adopted model within the financial field in order to determine the value of the appropriate rate of return for an asset. Generally speaking, the model has been extensively adopted by portfolio managers and by financial analysts in order to infer asset required and expected returns on a standardized basis.

One of the biggest success stories in American business history is the hamburger giant McDonald’s. The firm is a fast food restaurant that operates as a multinational corporation. The business model used by the company is franchising. The organization has been extremely successful since its inception due to the fact that it has quality food at affordable prices.

These developments have also been felt in the banking environment. One the developments have pertained to the adoption of the mobile banking. Bank managements, such as Barclay’s managers, as one of the stakeholders with vested interest, have often insisted that mobile banking comes with various opportunities that cannot be foregone, supporting Hello Money.

Since 2012 we have adopted those IFRS which were effective January 2009. However, there are no plans to at this time to adopt IFRS fully and some of the standards that were effective in 2009 have since been revised and would therefore increase the gap between our revised standard (for the process of convergence) and the revised IFRSs.

Information such as amount of resources that are necessary for production and the rate at which they can be absorbed is for example instrumental to ensuring continuous production besides efficient determination and allocation of costs. Efficient costing also helps organizations to set competitive prices that can also allow for sustainable profit margins and managerial accounting plays an important role in offering necessary information to managements and facilitating the managements’ application of accounting information in making decisions.

The aim of this process is to ensure that investment projects that are undertaken provide added value to the firm. In this regard, it is the responsibility of the relevant personnel to evaluate alternatives in order to determine which project would generate more profits, thereby providing relatively more value to the firm and its stakeholders.

As a result, the health care management need to carefully select the choice they considers best in providing debt and on how easy or effective to implement it ( Therese, Andrew, Kufman, Hall & Associates Kufmanhall.com, 2013). Consequently, when health care organizations incorporate debt financing to it capital structures, it gives a financial leverage that increases the operating profits to stockholders return.

An empirical analysis of the financials of several firms in both countries is conducted to compare the magnitude of cash conservatism and leverage. The study is based upon basic theories of Financial Conservatism and Agency problems related to economic distress.

Scope and Limitations of the Study 10 Chapter 2: Literature Review and Theory 11 2.1. Introduction 11 2.2. Concept of Capital Structure 11 2.3. Factors influencing the choice of capital structure 13 2.4. Theories of capital structure 13 2.4.1. The Trade-off Theory 13 2.4.2.

In order to promote this dynamism, it is necessary that the U.S. government collect taxes from income that is earned only within the nation and companies that are earning profit outside the U.S. boundaries should be allowed to follow the tax rules of the countries in which they are doing business.

Wall-Mart being Multinational Corporation has invested significantly in the international markets with core objective of growth. Recently closed fiscal year accounted around 39.2 percent of the Wall-Mart’s resources (in terms of capital expenditure) invested in international portfolio.

0 106.00 10,886.00 0.00 10,780.00 Hotel Co Hefner 122.0 14,274.00 5,397.32 19,671.32 4,587.72 14,274.00 India Cp Kirchner 150.0 18,000.00 0.00 18,000.00 0.00 16,560.00 Juliett Co Madorma 123.5 14,202.00 157.29 14,359.79 0.00 14,202.50 Kilo Co Miller 102.0 11,730.00 347.54 12,077.54 340.00 11,268.04 Lima Co Myers 122.5 15,520.00 673.92 15,923.92 673.92 13,413.75 Mike Co Pellek 89.5 13,425.00 0.00 13,425.00 0.00 12,000.00 November Co Preston 156.0 16,770.00 347.21 17,117.21 298.50 16,818.71 Oscar Co Shahbazi 139.0 16,332.50 281.76 16,614.26 280.00 15,354.20 Papa Co Smith 147.5 16,593.75 197.51 16,791.26 0.00 16,178.91 Quebec Co St.

Use research to explain how recent advances are making the claims settlement process more efficient. Technology would likely be part the advances. 1. Introduction In insurance, as also in all sectors, controlling expenses is a vital criterion for securing organizational stability.

The firms in different industries have a conflicting nature in terms of their responsibilities towards society.Their scope of responsibilities clearly depends upon the area in which they are doing business, for example the extracting businesses are crucial to the focus of environment regulatory authorities.

Accounting is an important function of every business organisation. Accounting has various purposes and objectives. Among the various purposes, the main purpose of accounting is to record the transaction of the business enterprise in a systematic manner and to provide information about the financial position of the business enterprise to all its stakeholders.

As the report declares the evaluation of the purchase of the equipment facilities for the Dynamo project should be made on the basis of cost-benefit examination to prepare most favorable progress plans. Cost refers to the worth of assets utilized in the implementation of the equipment, starting from transportation, installation and maintenance. 

In the phase of the fragmentation, the scenario can be viewed from the perspective of the developed nations. In the developed world, the augmentation in the economic growth has been much feebler as forecasted with staggering recovery rates with the backdrop of deteriorating business confidence as well as falling global employment.

This report will present ideas obtained from the organizational assessment of Walmart. The study indicates that the organization has further growth potential regardless of the current global financial crisis. The company’s stock prices indicate an upward growth trend and this situation would attract new investors.

Especially, in translation, this interaction must be defined as well as elaborated with an empirical approach including convincible data. This research study aims to describe individual as well as collective reaction of speakers toward the translation of cultural elements in a foreign language.

According to the paper Enterprise data centers had provided the required infrastructure for organizations since the integration of technology in the business field. With the passage of time, the customers’ demands started increasing due to which the limited data storage and bandwidth became insufficient for the organizations. This created the need for an alternate form of computing known as cloud computing.

It was also thought fit to investigate whether it was really a miracle or the result of some events and decisions. The aims and objectives set out in the first chapter have all been achieved. The study finds that Taiwan achieved economic growth at such a fast pace because of several events that occurred by sheer luck.

To defend such argument, the North German Confederation’s history shall be discussed and examined. When the North German Confederation was constituted, two German people became famous, King William I and Otto von Bismarck. King William I was the Confederation’s emperor.

The older customer’s expectations 1.1 What they are looking for: What they like or not on the Internet and on the catalogues 1.2 Communicating and advertising with them What they like, what keeps them from buying online. II. The present offer Introduction of offer Content and layout comparison of three retailers’ websites: John lewis, Next and Expedia (or last minute, it’s up to you) Introduction to retailer with a few numbers, who are their customers?

Financial performance of an organization is the most indispensable factor that is considered to evaluate its success or failure in the dynamic competitive business world. It is important to analyze the financial structure of a firm in order to ascertain its financial position.

However, no matter how small or large a company is, it still requires financial reporting activity due to the fact that everything about in business should be properly accounted and requires higher accounting information (Iatridis, 2010). Thus, financial reporting should be performed by publicly accountable entities, non-publicly accountable entities and small companies.

The analysis will also include a brief description of RyanAir and its position in the competitive environment. The entire analyses will be based on annual report of RyanAir and market news of low cost airline. Brief Description of RyanAir Plc RyanAir started its operation in European air travel market during 1985 and it has experienced a rapid growth since its inception.

It must be noted, however, that limited liability companies may not necessarily work for profiteering (Jitman, 2009). This is a hybrid form of business that has characteristics of both sole proprietorship and partnership. Some of the reasons why the business has become so popular are: - 1) Limited Liability: - The clause of limited liability ensures that the owners/shareholders are responsible for no more than the amount they invested in the business.

For example, a metal fabrication press, which bends and shapes metal, was bought seven years ago for $522,000. The company will add l9 percent to this cost, representing the change in the wholesale price index over the seven years. This new, higher cost figure is depreciated using the straight-line method over the same l2-year assumed life (no salvage value).

“The acquisition of Woolworth by Paternoster made ways for a fairly small chain consisting of home development stores, known as B&Q. This was the commencement of decade comprising of chief expansions that led to one of the widest retail conglomerates of Europe.

Recently, in May 2011, the Securities Exchange Commission had proposed a ‘condorsement’ concept, where in addition to the endorsement approach for the amalgamation, the convergence approach would also be employed in the transitional phase to address the existing differences amid the IFRS and the US GAAP.

According to Allen and Gale (2000, chap 1), Financial intermediaries can be broadly classified into: deposit taking institutions such as banks, credit unions, savings and savings societies; Insurance schemes such as life insurance policies; investment ventures such as retirement benefits schemes and mutual funds.

Finance and Accounting Ratio analysis is a useful tool for analyzing a company, to predict about its future, but the result might get wrong if the factors of the variables are not taken in consideration. LEV and Sunder (1979) raised some basic questions like the structural relationship of the analyzed firms, the size of the firm; these factors are taken in consideration or not.

It also includes the types of markets and the reasons of valuation of stock at fair prices, higher prices or at lower prices. The reason for including these details in the assignment is that it is necessary to understand the basic information about the behaviors of stock markets before to make any decision about the buying and selling decisions.

Through progressing towards free trade in East Asia, there are studies showing that the intra trade amongst the countries in this region is more than the countries in North America and pretty similar to the European Union. In recent years, a triangle was created with other East Asian countries exporting secondary goods to China, which they assembled into finished products and exported abroad.

This concept holds that an investor’s time value of money and level of risks must be considered while rewarding him. These factors are generally computed using a risk measure called beta. Although the CAPM is widely used for anticipating the feasibility of an investment decision, this model has a number of corporate applications also.

The risk management strategies support price stabilization, the optimization of production capacities, the increase in market transparency, and increased security of distribution quality. In addition, the understanding of the ever changing current market is important as the trader gets to know of the fluctuating market prices of a commodity brought about by changes in currency.