Does the School Maplebrook Need the HEB's Grant - 160 Washer-Dryers - Research Paper Example

Introduction In this paper, an experimental approach is used to test the hypothesis that the school needs a donation of the grant. HEB is a nonprofit outreach that has granted a local school 160 washer-dryers. The school has 320 children. The name of the school is Maplebrook. The items will benefit the children in their families for they will use them to ensure sanitation. The children come from poor families that may not afford to buy them. The school does not have the financial capacity to buy these items. Each of those components cost 325 dollars. The present hypothesis is that the machines will enhance healthy lifestyles. In addition to this, the children will have enough time to attend school so that they pursue their academic ambitions. Moreover, the machines will help the school to save funds that will otherwise be lost. For instance, the school loses about 70 dollars in each day due to absence pf children from school. To facilitate the project, the principal of the school gave the data that pertained to the school in an excel format. Methods The hypothesis for this research is that addition of the washer-dryer machines will help the children in leading healthy lifestyles. This will make the children attend school more often. The data used in this study was obtained from 160 children from Maplebrook Elementary school. These were chosen out of the 320 children who make up the school. The source of this data was the school principal who presented it in an excel sheet. The children were selected randomly from the population. Entering data The PSPP software was installed from this site. http://www.softsea/com/PSPP.html Once the software has been installed, it was opened. It was found to be under the PSPP folder that has multicolored green blue and red icons. It was appearing like a pie chart. The tab looks like a blank screen when open. The white screen is the one that is being looked for. Classical experimental design The data was entered from the excel sheet given by the principal of Maplebrook Elementary school. 160 students were randomly sampled from a population of 320 children of the school. Therefore, the control group had 160 students. The experimental group children were given the machines (washer-dryers). The variables included the children, washer-dryers. The children were from three neighborhoods, which were given a code label. A variable directory was created in the variable view. This is found at the bottom and left click tab. The tab turned white once it was clicked successfully. The name of the first variable was put in the first column. Running a frequencies analysis in PSPP Cost benefit analysis This helps to identify the benefits of the project that will be started at Maplebrook Elementary school. It entails the consideration of the situation of the school and also the background of the children. Therefore, this will show the importance of adopting the program that will see the children given the Washer-dryers. A difference of means T TEST was also done. The statistical testing was also done after the data entry was completed. The dependent variable was used as the test variable and the independent variable to divide the groups. The experimental design data was used. The means were also compared. The test variable was placed in the test variable by left clicking it and hitting the arrow to push it into the exact box that will enhance the testing of the means. The independent variable was put in the box as grouping variable in a similar version. The groups were then defined. This was by hitting the define groups icon. We defined the two groups that we had for this experimental design. The values that were used ranged from 0 and 1. For those who received the donation, we placed it under Group 1 Value prompt. As a precaution in the experiment, the experimental group children were not informed that they belonged to that group. On the other hand, the control group children were not told that they belonged to the control group. The factors that could affect the experiment include the attention of the children are as follows: first, the fact that some of them had poor habits in attention. Their movement was therefore restricted to be within the school environment. We also manipulated the accessible knowledge of the participants pertaining to the physical domain. For instance, closeness is equal to the significance of the machines. The participants were told to read the description that, “Washer- dryers can help improve the life of the students.” An ordinary least squares regression analysis With the data for the statistics, the non-profit organization had one final request. Having the idea that the intervention for the donation failed to reach the significance of statistics needed for the project, the mean gave the correct direction on those who got the donation of the Washerdryer machine. They therefore got worried pertaining to the size of the population that received the donation of the machine. However, the difference observed was not sufficient to show that there were some statistical significance. The regression analysis helped to determine the impact of donation of the washerdryers to the attendance of the children in school. The regression equation that was used is as follows: Y=A+B1x+B2x The symbols used above have the following meanings pertaining to the experimental research that we conducted. Y refers to the predicted value of Y. or in other words, this is the value of the number of days attended in school by the children. A is the constant, also known as the base value of the equation in case all the values of the independent variables are equal to zero. B1x is the extra expected increase in the number of days attended in school by the children. B2x is the predicted increase in the days attended to school by the children after receiving the donation of the Washerdryer. This equation also helps to give the t score outcomes to test whether the difference of the coefficients from zero has any statistical difference. Data preparation In the quantitative study, some steps were taken to prepare the data for statistical analysis. The raw data that was supplied by the school principal was inspected for any missing scores. Regression analysis. Since the system under study is very complex, it is difficult to conduct a simple experiment to identify how the parameters at the input can be affect in the school. This will enable an understanding of the performance of the project as far as the children in this school are concerned. For instance, it is not clear how the input data is related to the overall performance of the project, however it is hypothesized to enhance the good performance of the children in school. Because there are seven outputs in our data, 8 regression functions will be developed. The ANOVA tests will also be important in this analysis. To achieve this, data was assembled and a quantitative aspect of this data developed from the tests. Results We combined the three measures of impact. Alpha was set at 0.05. This implies that the level of significance was 95%. A repeated measures ANOVA of the knowledge was carried out pertaining the issue. For instance, a comparison of those having the machines and those who did not have it. This was evident in the two groups of participants. This analysis revealed the importance of the washer dryers that will be supplied to the school. T-TEST T-TEST /VARIABLES= DaysAttended /GROUPS=WwWD(1,0) /MISSING=ANALYSIS /CRITERIA=CI(0.95). Group Statistics WwWD N Mean Std. Deviation S.E. Mean DaysAttended 1.00 .00 86 234 155.85 156.85 16.38 15.48 1.77 1.01 Independent Samples Test Levene's Test for Equality of Variances F Sig. t df Sig. (2- tailed) Mean Difference DaysAttended Equal variances assumed Equal variances not assumed 1.14 .287 -.51 -.49 318.00 144.27 .612 .622 -1.01 -1.01 T-test for Equality of Means Equality of Means 95% Confidence Interval of the Difference Std. Error Difference Lower Upper 1.98 2.04 -4.91 -5.03 2.90 3.02 T-TEST CI (0.95). Group Statistics WnoWD N Mean Std. Deviation S.E. Mean DaysAttended 1.00 .00 86 234 155.43 157.01 15.71 15.72 1.69 1.03 Independent Samples Test Levene's Test for Equality of Variances F Sig. t df Sig. (2- tailed) Mean Difference DaysAttended Equal variances assumed Equal variances not assumed .03 .861 -.80 -.80 318.00 151.64 .426 .427 -1.58 -1.58 t-test for Equality of Means quality of Means 95% Confidence Interval of the Difference Std. Error Difference Lower Upper 1.98 1.98 -5.48 -5.49 2.32 2.34 From the table for wwwd, the following points can be deduced. The level of significance was o.287. This implies that the null hypothesis is not rejected. The two tailored test, the significance level was 0.612. This implies that the null hypothesis is rejected. The group statistics indicate that N=86, with a mean of 155.85. The standard deviation for those who attended school was 16.38. The error is 1.77.this is a minimal error and therefore, this suggests that the donation will real help the children so that they improve their academic experience in the school. For the other group, the following statistics are deduced from the table output for the analysis that was done by the PPP software. For those who were given the donation, the N value was 86. The mean was 155.43. This was at a standard deviation of 15.71. The error in the mean was 1.69. The Levene’s test for the equality of variances shows that the mean difference was -1.58, as stated earlier, the negative sign imply that the order was in a way that the difference led to this sign. The confidence interval was at 95 percent. At this level, the lower limit was -5.48 for the standard error difference of 1.98. For the upper limit, the value of 2.32 was obtained for the same standard error of 1.98. The above values were obtained when the equal variances were assumed. When there was no assumption pertaining to the equal variances, a value of -5.49 was obtained for the standard error of difference at 1.98, while the upper limit for this was 2.34. This implies that for the correct analysis and interpretation of the task under study, it was not good to assume the equal variances. They ought to be considered also. Frequency table results Days Attended N Valid Missing Mean Std Dev Minimum Maximum 319 1 156.68 15.64 121.00 180.00 WashDryer Value Label Value Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cum Percent .00 1.00 . 160 159 1 50.00 49.69 .31 50.16 49.84 Missing 50.16 100.00 Total 320 100.0 100.0 WashDryer N Valid Missing Mean Std Dev 319 1 .50 .50 Minimum Maximum .00 1.00 Regression analysis results Model Summary (Days Attended) R R Square Adjusted R Square Std. Error of the Estimate .07 .00 .00 15.73 ANOVA (Days Attended) Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. Regression Residual Total 339.53 78392.19 78731.72 2 317 319 169.77 247.29 .69 .504 Coefficients (Days Attended) Unstandardized Coefficients Standardized Coefficients t Sig. B Std. Error Beta (Constant) WwWD WnoWD 157.68 -1.83 -2.25 1.29 2.13 2.13 .00 -.05 -.06 121.99 -.86 -1.06 .000 .390 .292 The coefficients box 3 gave the significance tests that were performed and also the level of significance. From the situation under study, the high values of the t score for that constant was not consequential. In addition to that, it is expected that is was to be high that from the data that was presented by the school management. However, for the neighborhood, WwWD, the level of significance was higher than that of WnoWD. These values for the levels of significance were 0.39 and 0.292 respectively. In the latter case, WnoWD, the level of significance was implying that the impact of the donation is not well defined. This leads to the rejection of the null hypothesis that days attended at school is not a function of the donation of the washerdyers. The first box tells us how the input of the donation is affecting the attendance of the children in school. The adjusted R square tells about the numbers in the experimentation. The second table gives the ANOVA results. They are helpful in depicting the individual variables and not the entire data variables. Therefore, this makes it to be the least interesting box. The total degrees of freedom is 319. This can also be calculated by subtracting 1 from the total number of data values entered. For instance, that is the value of N, which was 320. This refers to the total number of students in the experiment, out of which 160 were randomly sampled. To test the alternative hypothesis that the donation has an effect on the attendance of the children to school, Pew data was used. Three independent variables were used in order to carry out the test on the hypothesis. Two neighborhoods were used to help in illustrating the various sections or regions in the society. This takes into consideration the socioeconomic factors that impact the children as they endeavor to excel academically. Discussion The t tests for WWWD and WnoWD were done using the PSPP software. This helped to reveal the difference in the means and also testing the level of significance. Therefore, the main statistics is the t score and the two tailored significance level. In the data analysis section, all the project responses were input into the PSPP program and analyzed using independent sample T tests analysis. The p value was greater than 0.05. The reason for the negative sign in those values of t score is dependent on the order in which the values were put in the entries for analysis. The students who received the donation were placed in the first column and this was subtracted from the mean of the children who got the Washerdryer donation. If the results were rearranged to be in a different order, then positive results could be obtained. However, the sign of these values does not matter because the absolute values are taken into consideration on calculation of the absolute values. The values lead to an inference that the null hypothesis is not rejected. The significance for the two tailored t test is related directly to the test of the hypothesis. Statistical significance is therefore reached as the value of the alpha is greater than 0.05. The confidence level of 95 % was applied. This is based on the t test results. There was therefore no enough evidence to support the alternative evidence. From the analysis, it has been found out that the donation will have an impact on the performance of the children in school. It is worth noting that attendance to class is crucial for gaining the knowledge needed for success in school. The analysis illustrated this pertaining the situation of Maplebrook Elementary School. FREQUENCIES Days Attended Value Label Value Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cum Percent 121.00 122.00 123.00 124.00 125.00 126.00 127.00 128.00 129.00 130.00 131.00 132.00 133.00 134.00 135.00 136.00 137.00 138.00 139.00 140.00 141.00 142.00 143.00 144.00 145.00 146.00 147.00 148.00 149.00 150.00 151.00 152.00 153.00 154.00 155.00 156.00 157.00 158.00 1 3 1 3 1 2 1 3 2 3 2 3 4 3 5 3 5 2 3 5 5 5 5 4 7 8 6 6 7 5 8 5 6 3 9 4 8 5 .31 .94 .31 .94 .31 .63 .31 .94 .63 .94 .63 .94 1.25 .94 1.56 .94 1.56 .63 .94 1.56 1.56 1.56 1.56 1.25 2.19 2.50 1.88 1.88 2.19 1.56 2.50 1.56 1.88 .94 2.81 1.25 2.50 1.56 .31 .94 .31 .94 .31 .63 .31 .94 .63 .94 .63 .94 1.25 .94 1.57 .94 1.57 .63 .94 1.57 1.57 1.57 1.57 1.25 2.19 2.51 1.88 1.88 2.19 1.57 2.51 1.57 1.88 .94 2.82 1.25 2.51 1.57 .31 1.25 1.57 2.51 2.82 3.45 3.76 4.70 5.33 6.27 6.90 7.84 9.09 10.03 11.60 12.54 14.11 14.73 15.67 17.24 18.81 20.38 21.94 23.20 25.39 27.90 29.78 31.66 33.86 35.42 37.93 39.50 41.38 42.32 45.14 46.39 48.90 50.47 Value Label Value Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cum Percent 159.00 160.00 161.00 162.00 163.00 164.00 165.00 166.00 167.00 168.00 169.00 170.00 171.00 172.00 173.00 174.00 175.00 176.00 177.00 178.00 179.00 180.00 . 11 5 9 5 9 6 5 6 9 7 6 6 7 6 3 6 8 5 6 8 6 19 1 3.44 1.56 2.81 1.56 2.81 1.88 1.56 1.88 2.81 2.19 1.88 1.88 2.19 1.88 .94 1.88 2.50 1.56 1.88 2.50 1.88 5.94 .31 3.45 1.57 2.82 1.57 2.82 1.88 1.57 1.88 2.82 2.19 1.88 1.88 2.19 1.88 .94 1.88 2.51 1.57 1.88 2.51 1.88 5.96 Missing 53.92 55.49 58.31 59.87 62.70 64.58 66.14 68.03 70.85 73.04 74.92 76.80 79.00 80.88 81.82 83.70 86.21 87.77 89.66 92.16 94.04 100.00 Total 320 100.0 100.0 Read More