Short Questions on the Environment - Coursework Example

?Short Questions Question It is important to select appropriate trees, it is not easy to replace once it is planted. The following factors should be considered when selecting species. A multipurpose tree must be able to adapt to climate change in the region, soils, topography, flora and fauna. This is particularly important for exotic species, ie species introduced from outside the development area or abroad. The case must meet the needs of farm families. For this reason it is important to involve farmers, men and women in selected species. They should identify the desired products of wood and planting sites based on local markets, and conservation needs. The acquisition cost of seed or cuttings should also keep in mind. Planting of most fruit trees, for example, are expensive. Some species are harder to adjust than others. Farmers should consider in advance how long they should take care of trees. If they need additional skills and knowledge to grow a particular species should be training or demonstration will be organized. Seeds or plants of the species considered easy. If asexual reproduction is necessary, farmers should receive training on how to do it. The seeds of Gliricidia sepium and Sesbania spp. For example, could not be readily available. Farmers need help with how to distribute the trees using root cuttings. They may not even enough time for the harvest of cuttings. Question 2 Role of trees or roots of fig trees is no different than any other plant. Edible fig (Ficus carica) roots, for example, grow best in fertile soil rich in organic matter that is moist but never soggy. Roots have four functions. Anchoring the plant figs, absorbs water and nutrients for plant growth and flowering and fruiting activities, in the case of tropical fig trees, aerial roots hanging from the branches to improve weight distribution of the structure.Picture of the roots can grow to a diameter of branches to see above the ground. Fig trees do not grow the carrot-like tap roots, but the diffuse array, or weaving roots penetrated the body of at least two or three times as much as the diameter of the crown of the plant. Like when you snap a branch of plant leaf figs, or milky sticky sap oozing from broken roots Fig. Some species tropical fig tree roots "are growing rapidly and are known to lift sidewalks or pavement, which spread across the landscape. Question 3 Carbon sequestration in the agriculture sector refers to the capacity of agriculture lands and forests to remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. Carbon dioxide is absorbed by trees, plants and crops through photosynthesis and stored as carbon in biomass in tree trunks, branches, foliage and roots and soils. Forests and stable grasslands are referred to as carbon sinks because they can store large amounts of carbon in their vegetation and root systems for long periods of time. Soils are the largest terrestrial sink for carbon on the planet. The ability of agriculture lands to store or sequester carbon depends on several factors, including climate, soil type, type of crop or vegetation cover and management practices. The amount of carbon stored in soil organic matter is in?uenced by the addition of carbon from dead plant material and carbon losses from respiration, the decomposition process and both natural and human disturbance of the soil. By employing farming practices that involve minimal disturbance of the soil and encourage carbon sequestration, farmers may be able to slow or even reverse the loss of carbon from their ?elds. In the United States, forest and croplands currently sequester the equivalent of 12 percent of U.S. carbon dioxide emissions from the energy, transportation and industrial sectors. Question 4 Major reasons of the changes in the forested land due to human reasons include: industrialization, suburbanization, land trust movements and settlements and agriculture. Question 5 Pleistocene climate was characterized by repeated glacial cycles where continental glaciers pushed to the parallel 40 in some places. It is estimated that glacial maximum, 30% of the Earth's surface was covered with ice. In addition, a zone of permafrost stretched southward from the edge of the ice sheet a few hundred miles from North America and several hundred in Eurasia. The average annual temperature at the edge of the ice was -6 ° (21 ° F) at the edge of the permafrost, 0 ° C (32 ° F). Each glacial advance tied to massive amounts of water in continental ice sheets 1500 and 3000 meters (4.900 to 9.800 m) thick, when the temporary sea level drops to 100 meters (300 feet) or more of the Earth's entire surface. interglacial times a year, as at present, drowned coastlines were common, mitigated by isostatic or other emerging movements in certain areas. The effects of glaciation were global. Antarctica was on the ice during the Pleistocene and Pliocene precedent. The Andes are covered the southern Patagonian ice cap. There were glaciers in New Zealand and Tasmania. Existing glaciers of Mount Kenya decomposition, Kilimanjaro and the Ruwenzori in East and Central Africa were larger. The glaciers in the mountains of Ethiopia and west to the mountains of Atlas. In the northern hemisphere, many glaciers fused together. ice cover in North America Cordillera, north-west, the East was Laurentide. Fenno-Scandian ice sheet rested on the north by Europe, including Britain, the alpine glacier in the Alps. "domes scattered tended toward Siberia and the Arctic shelf. The northern seas were covered with ice. South of the ice sheet because of the large lakes accumulated points were blocked and the cold air reduced evaporation. When the Laurentide ice sheet retreated north-central North America was totally covered by Lake Agassiz. More than a hundred basins, now dry or nearly overflowing in the American West. Lake Bonneville, for example, was in the Great Salt Lake is now. In Eurasia, large lakes developed as a result of glacier flow. Rivers were larger, had a heavier flow, and were stranded. African lakes complete, apparently of evaporation decreases. Deserts on the other hand were drier and more extensive. Rainfall was lower because of reduced evaporation and other ocean. Question 6 How to account for changes in carbon in forests has been controversial. changes in land use, particularly afforestation and deforestation, can have a significant impact on carbon storage. Foresters usually cut vegetation to support the growth of the trees you want. For better growth of carbon stores, but the vegetation of reducing CO2 emissions, the net effect depends on many factors, such as growth rates before and after and the quantity and the elimination of the cut vegetation. Increased CO2 in the atmosphere may stimulate growth of the trees, but the limited availability of other nutrients that may hinder growth. In this context, the recording of a particularly controversial forestry practices. Some argue that the carbon released by the reduction of carbon stored in wood products in excess and growth of new wood forest. Other cons, old growth forests store little or no additional carbon and forest growth and use of new wood can effectively increase the net carbon storage. The effects are highly variable and depend on many factors, including effects on soil, treatment of excess forest biomass, the ratio of carbon removed from the site and duration and elimination. To date, quantitative relationships between these factors and the net carbon storage is not defined. Some observers are concerned that the "loss" is undermining all U.S. efforts to isolate the coal to protect the national forests. With losses, mean that the supply of timber may migrate to other sites, as in other countries, exacerbating climate change and cause other environmental problems, or that the wood can be replaced by other products that use more energy to manufacture (which releases more CO2). Others argue that the "loss" arguments for the huge differences in ecological systems and product preferences, discounts and technical solutions. Several federal programs affecting forestry practices, and thus carbon sequestration. Operating federal forests affect carbon storage and delivery, registration is a contentious issue such an activity. Federal programs also provide technical and financial assistance to manage and protect private forests, and tax regulations affecting the management of private forests. Various federal programs can also affect the extent of forest area, by supporting the development. What can cause deforestation or to encourage planting of trees in open areas such as pastures. Question 7 Climate change is harmful to sea levels, food availability, the number of precipitation, temperature and composition of the ecosystem level. Actually, there are already examples of extinct life, has been attributed to climate change. Global warming is affecting biodiversity in different ways. These include: changes in the levels of temperature Development of certain habitats and decreased away from the others is a natural fallout of global warming. Some species migrate from one place to another in exchange for their habitat. recurrent disease Alteration of the ecological relationships between different natural species Changes in precipitation levels Change the availability of feed belts. In the past, many species are able to offset the risk of extinction by migrating to greener pastures. But given the current situation, it is extremely difficult to cope with the effects of global warming, because people have made it more difficult to separate, process, and sometimes the removal of existing habitats, leaving no possibility of migration. As regards the different species, the effect of global warming is clearly visible with some of them changing their habitats. In addition, it has also become more difficult to preserve large huge land, which affects the chances of preserving the biodiversity of a particular region. Researchers believe that biological diversity, it would be harder to implement conservation practices due to global warming. Climatologists have completed all their energies to finding ways to minimize global warming. But given the current environment, it is difficult to get a drastic change. It was noted that even if greenhouse emissions stopped completely, the temperature will continue to increase after 2100 due to emissions of greenhouse gases already present in the Earth's atmosphere. Ecosystems have been most affected due to global warming. Most species cannot adapt to the changing environment and to succumb to the effects of global warming. It is believed that if the situation does not take action immediately, then about 2050 species will disappear from the face of the Earth due to global warming. Global warming has threatened the existence of the pasture located in the Rocky Mountains. Tropical mangroves and mountain are also exposed to the threat of extinction in the future because of global warming. Melting polar ice has already wreaked havoc on the population of penguins and polar bears. Global warming has also threatened the existence of coral reefs. Read More