Reciprocity in Intergenerational Family Therapy - Research Proposal Example

 Reciprocity in Intergenerational Family Therapy PART I. MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS & ANSWERS 1. Dyads and triads refer to: a. Two or three person relationships. b. Two or three generations in this country. c. Two or three family members who regularly attend family therapy sessions. d. Therapist-couple transactions. Correct Answer: a 2. Family stage markers are events in a family’s life that: a. Demand a new adaptation. b. Differentiate one stage of life from the next. c. Mark the close of the childbearing years. d. None of the above. Correct Answer: b 3. Men’s studies draw attention to: a. Female role restrictions. b. Curtailed emotional expressiveness in men. c. Remarriage rates in men and women. d. Gender blindness toward women but not men. Correct Answer: d 4. Most family rules are: a. Overtly stated. b. Unwritten and covertly stated. c. Unchangeable as long as the family remains a functioning unit. d. Not open to negotiation once the rules are established. Correct Answer: a 5. The double-bind concept was first introduced to account for the development of: a. Anorexia nervosa. b. Both anxiety and depression. c. Substance abuse. d. Schizophrenia. Correct Answer: d 6. Object Relations Family Therapy emphasizes the basic human need for: a. Sexual gratification. b. The release of aggression. c. experiences. d. attachment. Correct Answer: d 7. Common terms used by the experiential family therapists include all but one of the following. Which term does not fit with the others? a. existence. b. encounter. c. unconscious. d. growth. Correct Answer: b 8. Genograms help shed light on: a. how many generations currently live together. b. A family’s multigenerational relationship patterns. c. Family enmeshments and disengagements. d. None of the above. Correct Answer: b 9. Structural therapists emphasize: a. A family’s hierarchical organization. b. A family’s subsystems. c. The wholeness of the family. d. All the above. Correct Answer: d 10. Brief family therapy techniques in general are: a. Relatively quick and inexpensive. b. Method oriented. c. Focused on the presenting problem. d. All the above. Correct Answer: b 11. The Milan model makes use of all but one of the following techniques. Which technique does not belong? a. Monthly intervals between sessions. b. One way mirrors. c. Strategy conferences. d. Joining the family “game”. Correct Answer: d 12. Family management skills training: a. Treats parents whose children develop behavior problems. b. Treats parents and children together in a group. c. Trains parents in behavioral principles and techniques. d. Trains children be acting as surrogate parents. Correct Answer: b 13. Postmodern therapists attend particularly to a family’s: a. Dysfunctional structure. b. Flawed interactive patterns. c. “dirty games”. d. Assumptions regarding their problems. Correct Answer: b 14. A common goal of narrative therapy is: a. Self-actualization b. Anger management c. Creating and internalizing new stories d. None of the above Correct Answer: c 15. Psychoeducational programs emphasize all but one of the following. Which does not belong? a. Skills-building. b. psychotherapy. c. Stress management. d. Informational programs Correct Answer: a 16. Family therapists have sought licensing because: a. They want legal recognition. b. The public equates licensing with professionalism. c. Reimbursements from health plans require licensing. d. All the above Correct Answer: d 17. The “identified patient” is the person in the family who: a. Manifests the disturbed behavior. b. Initially seeks or is sent for treatment. c. May be expressing family disequilibrium. d. All of the above. Correct Answer: d 18. Families with an adolescent frequently must deal with: a. Rule changing. b. Limit setting. c. Role negotiation. d. All of the above. Correct Answer: b 19. Gender-sensitive family therapy emphasizes: a. Blurring differences between men and women. b. Multicultural considerations. c. Overcoming sex-role stereotyping. d. All of the above. Correct Answer: d 20. In families labeled as pathogenic, demands by an adolescent for a rule change would likely be met with: a. Encouragement since it showed independence. b. Increased rigidity regarding the retention of rules. c. Increased flexibility because all members sought changes. d. A reexamination of all family rules. Correct Answer: a PART II. SHORT QUESTIONS & ANSWERS Q1. Experiential Family Therapy Model Symbolic-experiential family therapy is actually grounded within an existential perception associated with individuals’ progression that highlights that tendencies are unable to end up being comprehended without taking into account the actual awareness, motives, concepts as well as relationships. The actual design stresses upon development and also the competence associated with effective developing steps. This draws attentions to organized transformation with direction, not merely manifestation of removals and recognizing. Its supporters tend to be engaged not simply within effectiveness and capability, but also in development along with a capacity to be intimated (Goldenberg, 08). The actual accessibility as well as involvement within the family’s emblematic globe and to support the actual close relatives within reshaping the family emblems would be the most powerful aspects from the concept (Connell, Mitten, & Whitaker, 1993) whilst it's belittled with regard to substantial risk-taking and radical management associated with psychological light-spots of the families. Va Satir is regarded as the creator and contributing driver within the developments associated with Experiential Family Therapies. Their basic principle focuses on maximizing the actual understanding, durable transformation, comprehension the actual structure associated with conversation, reshaping partnership as well as establishing associated self-confidence, and building of congruent lifestyle. Further more its strengths consist of focusing on multigenerational behaviors, prognosis associated with dysfunctional character within family relationships, and appreciating the novel ideas associated with existence. Many experts have belittled this because of its reliance upon therapists’ creativeness, charisma and character, minimal research on its applications, and its presumption that all of human beings grow along with families (Satir, 1988) Emotionally Focused Therapy is an approach to work with couples and families. Basically the theory is based on the principles of Emotions Theory and Attachment Theory. Strong points of theory include the accessing of buried primary emotions, enhancing the emotional bond between partners, and engaging positive change in the couple’s negative interaction sequences.  Focusing on connection and mutuality, and validating both men’s and woman’s need for a sense of secure connectedness, is a weak area because it promotes autonomy.  Further, the ability to share power and to trust, rather than to coercively control the other, is inherent in the creation of a secure adult bond. Q2. Bowen’s Family System’s Theory and Use of a Genogram Bowen theory is about the emotional functioning of the human species. Theory is now extensive and comprising several working concepts. (a) Levels of Differentiation of Self: It deals with fusion or differentiation, solid self or pseudo self, and intellectual and emotional functioning among families and groups (b) Family Projection Process: It describes the way parents transmit their emotional problems to a child. (c) Nuclear Family Emotional Process: Relationship pattern that manages maternal conflict, inadequate or over-adequate spouses, and emotional divorce (d) Emotional Cutoff: Family of origin (e) Triangles: Fusion and distancing, adequate and inadequate spouse (f) Multi Generational Transmission Processes: Schizophrenia and compounding effects (g) Sibling Position: Toman's Family Constellation (h) Emotional Processes in Society: It describes how the emotional system governs behavior on a societal level (Browen, 1978). The term Genogram is used in some sort of different meanings in different fields. A gist of its use is given below. (a) Family Therapy. To study and record relationship patterns between family members and the individual characteristics (b) Medical Science. To evaluate an individual's health risks (c) Genealogy. To record family history through the lives of each of its members (d) Sociology. To gather consistent information from the clients, helping them to view the issues in the larger context, family relationships, culture of origin and underlining key issues to discuss in client counseling (e) Education. To illustrate book reviews, or family trees of a famous politician, philosopher, scientist, musician, etc. (f) Research. To understand multi generational processes within various plant and animal species Q3. Contextual Therapy with Concept of Relational Ethics and Family Ledger The Contextual Model suggests four measurements associated with relational reality. The first one is individual psychology, second is facts which includes genetic input, physical health, basic historical facts, and events in a person's life cycle, and so on; third is systematic transactions which consists of rules, alignments, feedback, power, and triangles. The fourth aspect is relational ethics. These types of measurements tend to be inter-linked. Relational reality emphasizes on the character, functions associated with connectedness, legacy, loyalty, reciprocity, devotion, justness, responsibility, and reliability, within and in between generation. Relational ethics sometimes appears with regards to fundamental requirements as well as associations along with solid outcomes. The aim of Contextual treatment is to assist all members of the family in order to change their own motives toward ethics, justness, relational rights, and techniques for those members of the family by which they are included. The construct of relational ethics refers to the "balance of equitable fairness between people" (Boszormenyi-Nagy & Krasner, 1986). A Contextual Therapist primarily concentrates on the equivalent utilization of individuals assets within relationships. The objective, therefore, is to "balance the ledger" or even help to make all individuals responsible for their own involvement with family members with regards to each what they are provided and also the outcomes of the measures. The greater an atmosphere is worthy of belief, the greater one is delinquent (Boszormenyi-Nagy & Ignite, 1973; Krone, 1983). Mother and father tend to be considered accountable for providing for their kids because with regard to posterity's benefit, their own mother and father gave to them (Boszormenyi-Nagy & Krasner, 1986). It is supposed that kids grow up; put their best towards their parents and finally rebalance the actual weighing scales through looking after of their own mother and father or even personal kids consequently. This is actually the cyclic training of relational ethics. Q4. Core Aspects of Structural Family Therapy A brief summary of core aspects of Structural Family Therapy is given blow. (a) Structural approach mainly highlights the family in terms of both aspects i.e. as a whole as well as between subunits. Every family has a structure and the families that have an open and appropriate structure recover more quickly and function better in the long term because structure influences for better of worse. (b) Family is considered as a client and a person’s symptoms are best understood as rooted in the context of family transaction patterns. Lasting change is reliant on changing the equilibrium and alliances in the family. Subsystems are smaller units of the system as a whole which are formed when members join together to perform various functions. Spousal, parental, and siblings are three types of subsystems. (c) Boundaries are physical and psychological factors that separate people from one another and organize them. There are three types of boundaries i.e. clear, rigid, and diffuse. Some important definitions related to Structural Family Therapy are as follows. (a) Alignments. The alignment is actually an effort to complement all the family members with each other continuously, despite of the fact that areas of the actual position are not really persuading. (b) Coalition. It is actually an alliance involving couple of social units or persons against a third one. (c) Subsystems. These are smaller entities in relatives, determined by sex, function, or generations. (d) Boundaries. It describes emotional barriers to develop and secure the integrity of families, subsystems, and individuals. (e) Overt and Covert Rules. Overt rules are easily understood and communicated while covert rules are those which evolve through times and ages without intentional efforts Q5. The Most Comfortable Experiential Model At this earlier phase of my research on Family Therapy Models, I suppose that I will make use of Experiential Family Therapy as my personal model. I stay unclear about how to perceive the techniques associated with Experiential Therapists, for example sculpting. However I stay open up oriented till the time I actually do not really rely on them masterfully for a while. My personal perception is extremely aimed at Humanistic Psychology simply because in my opinion people tend to be innately great as well as willing to grow. Further more it is actually the techniques associated with conversation and oppression, all of us inherit that impede that process. I brought up in a holistic-oriented family. I have positively internalized the actual perception techniques and media of communication with two mentors who are Existential Therapists. I have a little experience practicing co-counseling that has a good epistemology. From this experience I have learnt a lot through exercises associated with closeness, integrity, as well as psychological fluency and fluidity within co-counseling and expert associations when it comes to the sphere of Humanistic Psychology. In my opinion easy to understandable vocabulary, conduct, impact, and a chance to compassionately mark the phrase associated with the experience of others are the important elements of this model to keep strong associations with family. I consider that how the level in our relationships is really a big part of what exactly help to make the life significant, beautiful, and helpful. References Boszormenyi-Nagy, I., & Krasner, B. (1986). Between Give and Take: A clinical guide to contextual therapy. New York: Brunner/Mazel. Boszormenyi-Nagy, I., & Spark, G. (1973; 1984). Invisible Loyalties: Reciprocity in intergenerational family therapy. New York: Harper & Row. (2nd Ed), New York: Brunner/Mazel) Bowen, M. (1978) Family Therapy in Clinical Practice. New York: Aronson. Connell, G. M., Mitten, T. J., & Whitaker, C. A. (1993).  Reshaping Family Symbols: A symbolic-experiential perspective.  Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 19 (3), 243-251. Goldenberg, I. & Goldenberg H. (2008). Family Therapy: An overview (7th Ed.). Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks/Cole. Satir, V. (1988). The New People Making. Mountain View, CA: Science and Behavior Books. Worden, M. (2002). Family Therapy Basics (3rd Ed.). Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks/Cole. Read More