Setting up a Diabetes Prevention Clinic - Essay Example

? Nutrition and Dietetics Question In setting up a diabetes prevention clinic, it is imperative to determine the target audienceof the report, which must detail the nature of the different stakeholders involved in the project and the design of the very project. A diabetes prevention center in the Saudi Arabia will be a massive project that requires an elaborate outline of all the stakeholders and their roles relevance to the project. The key stakeholders will include doctors, teachers and high-risk adults. Each of the listed stakeholders will have a specific relevance and role in the entire project thus validating the same. In doing this, the project coordinator naturally outlines the importance of the project within the society. Additionally, it is important to explain the relationship between the various stakeholders and their environment. The environment will influence the nature of their operations and the type of project designed in this case. It thus becomes important to evaluate and discuss the nature of the of the environment and the effects of human behaviors and their developments in order to determine the best and most cost effective means of preventing diabetes from the target audience. The human ecological theory provides an effective framework upon which to investigate the relationship between humans and their environments thus making the design and execution of the plan possible. Medical professionals such as doctors are directly involved with the design and the planning of the project. They understand the factors that lead to the prevalence of the disease and are equally capable of devising effective treatments. Their involvement in the project is therefore basic since they will formulate and implement the daily operational plans. Teachers on the other hand will carry out civic education. They will organize mobile education centers from where they will interact with their target audience and teach them on the ways of preventing the prevalence of the disease. They will therefore liaise with the doctors and carry out consultative sessions in which the teachers provide best prevention methods as formulated and advised by the medical professionals. This way, the entire project becomes realistic as each party relies on the other for the success of the entire project (Willett, 1998). The high-risk adults are the audience of the project; they will constitute the targeted public among which the civic education, diagnosis and treatment program will take place. The medical professionals and the teachers will formulate effective plans of actions that best address the issues that either affect or influence the population’s susceptibility to the disease. The project will therefore involve identifying the target audience, formulating effective programs that will befit the special group that constitute the audience and finally carrying out the civic education. To carry out the above activities effectively, the project coordinator will liaise with the local authority whose support is relevant for the success of the project. Additionally, the project will incorporate medical testing as a way of investigating the prevalence of the type 2 diabetes among the targeted population. In analyzing the relationship among the different stakeholders in the project, the human ecological theory provides five environmental systems with which humans interact. The theory provides community psychologists with an effective platform to analyze and understand human interactions both among themselves and with their societies. Among the five is microsystem, which will have direct relevance in the project. Microsystem refers to the groups and institutions in the society directly relevant in a child’s development. Such include schools, peers, religious institutions and neighborhood. The project will consider the prevalence of the same and their relations to the targeted audience. Such social features as peers and neighborhood will help the medical professionals and the teachers identify their target audience as they carry out the project. With an effective consideration of such social factors, the project coordinators will develop appropriate projects and carry out themselves while in the Saudi Arabian community with decorum with the view of minimizing conflicts with the locals. Friendly collaboration with the local community by adhering to the social institutions and cultural moralities will help improve the success of the project, as they will support the activities of the project coordinators (Hesketh & Campbell, 2010). Mesosystem on the other hand analyzes the relationship among the different microsystems. The school for example influences the family in several ways such as establishing respect among the family members and by adhering to the social institutions in the society. The success of the project relies on understanding the nature of such relations. With the consideration of the same, the project coordinators will develop ethical operations in order to minimize conflicts with the local communities. This way, the project is more likely to succeed, as the locals will accept the activities of the project coordinators (Parillo & Riccardi, 2004). Additional theoretical factors that help in the analysis of the human ecological theory include exosystem, macrosystem and chronosystem. The understanding and employment of all the factors in the project will contribute to the development of an effective and successful project that abides by thee moral and ethical dictates of the society. This way, the project upholds the social institutions as established by the local cultures thus contributing to the success of the project. The success of the clinic project relies on the nature of its operations and the relationship that the different stakeholders will develop with the local community. Health services are human-interest issues. However, some societies may not appreciate the introduction of foreigners in their midst since such would result in cultural conflicts. The Islamic culture for example is stringent and demands uptight adherence to the religious norms. This therefore dictates that thee project coordinators will have to comply with the local cultural dictates. Such may often demand that the project employ and use some of the elite locals. This will minimize conflicts between the project and the local community thus contributing to its success (Bastani, 2012). Question 2 Introduction The article addresses an important topic and information gap in the medical practice. Maternal nutrition is of essence to the entire society since it relates to the health of more than sixty percent of members of the society. Among the most vivid factors that earn it relevance in the practice is the fact that it addresses an information gap. The researchers analyze the practice, discover a missing information in maternal nutrition, and therefore carry out an in-depth study. In the study report, the researchers explain the information gap thereby validating the research. Additionally, maternal nutrition influences both the health of the mother and that of the baby. Pregnant and lactating women must therefore consider their diets effectively in order to ensure that they ingest appropriate foods that are directly utilize in the development of the health of both themselves and their babies. Methods The research samples one hundred and four women. The number is adequate to inform effective research findings. They recruit the women from authorized counselling institutions. This provides them with an effective opportunity to study and monitor the changes in their subjects. The researchers collect their data using both questionnaires and observations. The use of questionnaire as a data collection tool is appropriate since it overcomes the challenges of other data collection methods such interviews which are time consuming. Through questionnaires, the researcher simply mails the questionnaires to the target respondent who then fills up the blank spaces before mailing them back to the researcher. The process is both efficient and convenient as each party handles the questionnaire at their convenience. The researchers use the descriptive and inferential statistics to analyze their data. This way, they provide realistic findings. In presenting their findings, the researchers use graphical presentations such as tables and graphs that make it easy for the audience to interpret their findings. The findings thus appear more realistic and easier to interpret. This way, the research appears more valid as the audience easily identifies with the research (Shaw, Sicree &Zimmet, 2009). Results The need for special diets prior to pregnancy, during pregnancy and immediately after delivery thus authenticates the need for dietary education on women with the view of improving their health. The report promotes the consumption of appropriate foods by explaining them and their importance as discovered in the research. This implies that the report provides realistic solutions to problems prevalent in the society. The research is therefore important in developing diets for women in order to improve the quality of life of everyone in the society. The research further provides for cheaper nutritious foods that every mother in whichever society can access easily. This contributes to the development of healthier mothers and healthier children a process that helps limit cases of either maternal or child mortality doing birth (Boyle, Thompson, Gregg and Williamson, 2010). Besides the evident information gap that the research addresses, both the research and the report follows specific features that validate them as official and relevant research features that contribute to the importance and relevance of their information. The researchers for example follow appropriate research methods. They explain the research methodology and the process through which they discovered and identified their samples. They carry out a random sampling method. The method is among the most effective since the researcher has minimal control and influence on the research subject. In such circumstances, the research subjects exhibit as much differences as is always the case in their natural existence. Such a research scenario provides the researcher with adequate opportunity to study and observe the prevalence of the factors under survey. Discussion In retrospect, the report alongside is effective and contains relevant information determined by an effective scientific research. The researchers explain the need for the research by describing the information need in the society. Additionally, they explain every feature of the research elaborately. They for example provide an elaborate background information into the research and use relevant existing literature on either the same or the related medical concepts. This way, the research becomes relevant to the public. By dividing the report into different sections, the researchers make it easier to read, conceptualize and interpret the research findings. Additionally, the sections are conventional research sections that help validate both the research and the report. The different sections address different issues but contribute to the central thematic issue under investigation. The article is therefore an important medical journal appropriate for couples in family. The nutritious information in the article will help such balance their dietary and activities in order to improve the health of both the women and the children they bear. A happy health pregnancy results in reduced maternal and child mortalities. Question 3 Research project: Appropriate dietary changes to minimize the effects of obesity in children Internal and external validity Obesity is a lifestyle condition associated to several health problems. The condition requires timely, appropriate and effective redress in order to litigate the medical complications associated with the condition. In children, the condition is even more severe since it impairs the development of certain organs and body parts. However, in each group the condition results from lifestyle factors that would require training to overcome. Dietary is among the key contributors to obesity in children, a change in the same is therefore imperative in reversing the situation. Additionally, with appropriate dietary information parents would help prevent obesity in their children by giving them appropriate amount of specific food. Research objectives To increase dietary awareness of parents in order to limit the intake of specific foodstuffs that increases the susceptibility of children to obesity. To inform parents on appropriate diets to help reverse obesity in children Study design The research uses randomized control. This implies that the researcher will select the research sample randomly but within a specific location. The specificity of the location thus serves as the research control and limits the research to the city of town of interest. Additionally, the research will have a control study upon which to compare the findings with the already existing information. Random sampling is the surest way of recruiting an ideal research study group. Through the sampling strategy, the researcher does not discriminate against any subject since they do not look for any special features provided they are accessible and within the number. For such a small yet important research, the researchers must determine an appropriate research sample. The research will therefore have one hundred subjects. The number is appropriate. It will therefore provide the researchers with an opportunity to observe and compare the prevalence of the different variables among the subjects. Research methodology Data collection is one of the most fundamental features of a research. The researchers must collect appropriate data from the specific sample group. To safeguard such, the researchers will use both questionnaires and observations to collect the data. Structured questionnaires are documents with gaps used to solicit responses from the sample group. The researcher mails the questionnaires to the subjects who fill the blank spaces before mailing them back to the researcher. This way, the two participate in the study easily with each engaging the other at their convenience. Observation is equally important since the researcher will have to observe the changes in the obese children in order to communicate the difference in the subjects before and after the research. This way, the information in the research will have some authenticity owing to their tested and proven nature. Main dependent and independent variables Among the possible variables in the questionnaire will include the age of the subjects, the research sample will be children aged between four and fifteen years old. This helps restrict the number to children with developed features and can therefore eat and follow simple instructions. Other finer details such as the weight of the children both at the beginning and at the end of the research period will help authenticate the information obtained in the field. Statistical analyses of the results In analyzing the research findings, the researchers will use the descriptive and inferential statistics. The tools provide an elaborate breakdown of the research findings and their relevance in the study. The statistical methods are realistic and will therefore improve the audience ability to understand the findings and the recommendations that are often developed from the findings. In following with the dictates of the two statistical methods, the researchers will provide details of the research findings and elaborate breakdown of the variables and an explanation of their influence on the prevalence of obesity in the specific children. Data presentation The research report will have a specific structure following the conventional research structures. This will include an introduction, which will provide adequate background information on the topical issues. A literature review section helps revamp the background information on the issue by providing scholarly approach and analysis of other established scholars who have studied similar concepts. Data presentation on the report will be graphical and incorporate the use of tables and graphs that help improve the understanding and conceptualization of the research findings among a specific audience group. Ethical concerns Ethics refers to the selection of either a right or a wrong practice. Ethical concerns are therefore fundamental in both the research process and when setting up the clinic. Among the ethical factors to consider during the research, include the selection of subject. The selection of the subjects in the research must uphold the ethical standards of an academic research. Children do not constitute research subjects and in case they do, the researcher must obtain permission from their guardians. The question presented to the interviewees must uphold the ethical standards, the questions must not cause any form of harm to the respondents. References Bastani, F. (2012). The Effect of Education on Nutrition Behavioral Intention and Self-Efficacy in Women. Journal of Health Scope, 1(1):12-17. DOI:10.5812/JHS.4520. Boyle, J.; Thompson, T.; Gregg, E.; Barker, L. & Williamson, D. (2010). Projection of the year 2050 burden of diabetes in the US adult population: Dynamic modeling of incidence, mortality, and prediabetes prevalence. Popul. Health Metr. 8, 29. Hesketh, K. D., & Campbell, K. J. (2010). Interventions to prevent obesity in 0-5 year olds: An updated systematic review of the literature. Obesity, 18(1),27-35 Parillo, M. & Riccardi, G. (2004). Diet composition and the risk of type 2 diabetes: Epidimiological and clinical evidence. Br. J. Nutr. 92, 7–19. Shaw, J.E.; Sicree, R.A.; Zimmet, P.Z. (2009). Global estimates of the prevalence of diabetes for 2010 and 2030. Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract. 87, 4–14. Willett, W.C. (1998). Nutritional Epidemiology, 2nd ed.; Oxford University Press: New York, NY, USA; pp. 50–74. Read More