Major Theories of Parenting - Assignment Example

? Assignment (analysis) Task: Assignment analysis Theories of parenting (Baumrind, maslow, adler and erikson) Parent education programmes play a significant role towards developing upright and well-behaved children. It is in this regards that various theorists have come up with a range of factors that need to be considered in parenting. Diana Baumrind is a well-known development and clinical psychologist who gave a poignant description of various types of families, as well as nature of children arising from such families. To start permissive parent families are parents who are free, lenient and indulgent. This kind of parents demands little attention from their children and make consultations, on principal family matters. This is a wrong step in trying to raise children as the parents normally consult even on insightful matters meant for adults. Permissive parent families give forth to children who are mutinous, impetuous and aggressive with other children. In as much as such children fell part of the family, they have self-esteem, which might drive them to poor performance in schools. Consequently, Baumrind portrays other parent families as authoritative. The family has characteristics of using stringent and positive means of correcting children. Discipline is the key education of children in this family as it uses little punishment methods while considering their feelings and emotional states (King, 2009). Authoritative parents require mature children of independent behavior and limited curiosity. The main principle behind authoritative parents is the fact that the parents value instrumental and expressive qualities to raise their children. The family gives forth to proficient children at school mainly due to external pressure but not self-esteem. The king of behavior results into low self-esteem and emotional instability often characterize by depression. Closely associated with authoritative parents are the authoritarian parents whose main expectation from their children is obedience. These parents have rules governing their subjected to their children whereby minute misbehavior, are not negotiable. They follow a given social structure with the parent say becoming a law to the children. Such children become obedient in life although characterized by low self-esteem, as they cannot conduct what they desire. Subsequently, uninvolved parents also exist as proposed by Baumrind. These parents get portrayed as rejecting, careless and nonintermittent parents who do not mind what and where their children are at given time. This is due to emotional settings about the children or lack of time. Uninvolved parents give forth to mislead children as they often turn to other people for advice. Consequently, the children are a subject of abuse from outsiders due to the carelessness of the parents (King, 2009). Apart from Baumrind, Maslow is another psychologist who conducted intensive research in parenting. He highlighted various conditions, which if met by parents, they are likely to raise moral children. According to him, there are principal considerations parents need to take into consideration. To start include basic psychological needs like sleep water, food, water, clothing as well as shelter. When the psychological needs are not met, children often, rear away from their normal behavior into other means of realizing such basic needs. Apart from psychological basic needs, esteem needs also raise attention. These include respect from ether sides. Consequently, self-actualization through various standards also becomes a key consideration towards raising a strong family. The children should have recognition for reality, autonomist as well as self-evaluation of various phenomena. This is also applicable to parents who must express love, security, belongingness, safety and concern for others. Adler institute is another body, which has conducted diverse research on child parenting to come up with development maturities suitable for competent and efficient parents. Some of the qualities Adler institute recommends for a proficient parent include mutual respect for all. This is because parents who respect other and the children teach children to respect others. Subsequently Adler also promotes encouragement among children from parents, as children often engage in malpractices due to discouragement. In addition, logical as well as natural consequences according to Adler serve the role of correcting children. This is applicable in children who shift from normal behavior although emotional and psychological considerations should be given considerations. It is also in view of Adler that parents engage in acting with limited talking when conflicts arise. This is because too much talking often lead to arguments (King, 2009). When a child demands too much attention, the best thing a parent should do is withdraw from such places or discussions. Time is a crucial factor, which all people compete with although according to Adler, parents should make time with their children for personal conversations. Consequently, parents should not encourage idleness sin children where they do for the children what the same children can conduct. This encourages negative attention and parents should identify negative and positive attention. Last but importantly, of the psychologists is Erik Erikson who gave an extended version of Feuds behavior development theories. According to him, development follows eugenic principle they suggest a base for every personality. Erikson gives eight stages of behavior development based on age of development. For instance, according to him trust and mistrust gets developed at the infant stage. They identify various growing conditions and parents forming their basic attitudes. Shame, doubt and autonomy, follow during the early childhood developing competence, as well as independence. Another stage is the fourth and fifth year where the child judge guilt and becomes initiative. Towards the onset of puberty, the child becomes anxious with how things work. Role confusion and recognition of identity recognition follows during adolescence as isolation and intimacy succeeds the stage. Last stage according to Erikson is general activity during adulthood and despair during the old age. The purpose of parent education programmes According to United Nations, all children have the right to decent parenting. It is in this regards that various parenting programmes arise to educate parents on various ways on admirable parenting to enable children thrive and survive. There are various reasons why parents get educated on parenting. To start is protection of children from physical danger. When young, children are not able to make judgment concerning various surrounding phenomena. When left alone with other young children, they are susceptible to harm from physical materials. Consequently, parenting education programmes provide an opportunity of education to parents on various ways of modeling children to act in non-prosocial ways (King, 2009). For instance, parents are able to impart various characteristics such as helping and sharing various activities with others. Good healthcare and a balanced diet encourage smart growth in children. The purpose of parenting programmes is to provide education on the basic requirements of children as most parents often neglect child necessities. In a case when parents are not able to access the basic needs, such programmes educate them on the best methods of countering the failures. Consistent control of children denies them, chance of autonomy. This is because, at a given stage; parents are supposed to let go children and guide them into making right choices. This prepares them when old as suppression in decision making, make children dependent on others. It is essential for children to gain conscience of the external world and share ideas with others at a given age. When parents isolate children, they are not capable of sharing and playing with others, it becomes disastrous, as any stage passed by children repeats itself even when adult. Cognitive development is part of every child development with guidance from parents. When a child gets denied the chance of recognizing things on its own, it become extremely difficult for the child to make decisions later. The purpose of parents, therefore, is to guide by make the children independent when handling various things. The parent must not necessarily be present during the cognitive development sessions but can assist in at various periods. Loving interactions is processes of development, which can enable children, develop mistrust and insecurity. This is the case in foster homes, where children do not have consistent, caring parents. At times, they are with foster parents while another time with a different parent. This leads to mistrust in children a factor, which leads to poor development. Parents, therefore, get educated through parenting programmes, to maintain consistency and interaction with children. Lack of self-mastery and recognition of worth create a sense of doubt in children whereby they cannot accomplish various activities. For instance, when children are not able to judge their self worth it becomes difficult to perform in class, as they are not able to judge their esteem (King, 2009). Criticizing instead of correcting children when they do certain things affect their ability to undertake other things. Therefore, it is the role of parenting programmes to expose parents on matters relating to recognition of children effort. Encouraging children play a significant role in developing cognitive and self-sustainability. For example, with the help of parents children are supposed to understand various mistakes they commit as well as precautions. Language development is another area where the parent roles get recognized at large. Poor language development and negative vocabulary use make children engage in malpractices. Children, for example, imitate language used by parents. Parents, therefore, get advised to use selective languages when close to their children to help in language development. Positive role modeling to children encourage children to pursue same avenues; however negative role modeling encourage children to engage in negative behavior. In America, ninety percent of parents wish to have children; however, it is surprising that 40% get born to unmarried women. It is also evident that there are 3 million cases of child abuse by parents. These are some factors, which attract parenting programmes, to minimize child mistreatment. Consequently, many children get born every day; however, most children end up in the wrong company due to poor parenting. In conclusion, child parenting is a collective responsibility of all parents, which calls for their dedication, time and concentration. Uncaring parents give forth to hopeless and careless children who end up in serious social issues. It is in this regards that parents get educated on various ways of parenting children efficiently to prevent them from engaging in activities, which might destroy their lives. Reference King, P. W. (2009). Climbing Maslow's Pyramid. Leicester: Troubador Publishing Ltd. Read More