Analysis of GIS Mobile - Essay Example

?Day The first objective related to the work is to implement the features and capabilities associated with various GPS devices that are in hand for the last few days including Magellan, Etrax and Trimble devices. It is important to review the features each of these devices provides in order to facilitate the task. Magellan provides a comprehensive paperless geo caching that is easy to navigate along with rich graphics. Moreover, the color screen is sharp and easily readable in bright sunlight along with easy navigation with menus and visible graphics. Map screens are integrated with compass overlay in order to enable intuitive navigation along with customizable dashboard screen (, MagellanGPS - Go Geocaching with eXPlorist GC). “Outdoor enthusiasts, geocachers and anyone looking for adventure will love the eTrex. It combines intuitive, easy-to-use features and a rugged exterior into a lightweight package that is only 10 cm high and 5 cm wide. The result is a lightweight GPS navigator that will literally fit in the palm of your hand. You can operate your eTrex with just one hand using five buttons, which are located on either side of the eTrex within easy reach of your fingers. Thanks to its bright yellow case, the eTrex is easy to find in your boat or backpack. In addition, eTrex is IPX7 waterproof, so it can take an accidental splash or dunk in the water and continues to perform. One will notice that eTrex's 12-parallel channel GPS receiver locks onto satellite signals quickly and maintains accuracy, even in tough conditions. With eTrex, your adventure can last and last — up to 22 hours on just two AA batteries. While you roam, you can store up to 500 waypoints in memory for easy retrieval. Just enter the point you want to go to, and eTrex points you to your destination (no street or terrain maps). To get home, use Garmin's exclusive Trackback feature to reverse your track log and help you navigate back to your starting point” (, eTrex -). Lastly, the Trimble devices including advanced devices and embedded systems such as Asset Tracking Device (TM3000), Defense, Precise Timing, Precision GNSS + Inertial and Indoor Mobile Mapping Solution (, Trimble - GPS, Laser, Optics, and Positioning Hardware, Software, and Services ). To examine the performance and accuracy in a specific area of Sliema in an effective way, these devices may come up with a question along with hypothesis. Collaboratively the group has decided on a question stating that the measurement of variability for satellite station amounts concluding that each individual GPS device implementation on various sample sites along with the features of whether the sample sites impede with the reception. AS GPS is defined as, “The Global positioning system is a satellite based radio navigation system provided by the United States department of defense. It provides unequalled accuracy and flexibility in positioning for navigation, surveying and GIS data collections. GPS is the shortened form of NAVSTAR GPS. This is an acronym for navigation systems with time and ranging global positioning system. One can easily locate oneself with respect to the objects that surround him and position oneself relative to them. But doing this in middle of a desert or in the middle of the ocean where there are no reference objects is a problem”. By considering these factors, we conclude that the hypothesis should highlight the expected expensive and high profile GPS receiver of Trimble Geo XH device. The device will facilitate to achieve increased amount of satellite stations at all the sites along with consistent rate of these satellites across the areas of sites. Although, analyzing the data we have collected until now in this initial stage, the hypothesis is turning out to be in correct in our case, therefore concluding that we have to analyze more. Day 2 In the second practical, we created a tourist map of Valletta with the illustration of places associated with war history in the town. The objective was to develop a multimedia illustration of pictures, videos and sounds along with the thematic map of Valletta, that represents the military bases and the affected areas. The information gathering for war history across the town was successful, including different places like churches, museums and conducting interviews from elderly people to share the experience. We noted that the people of Maltese are shy and it was difficult to record good quality videos, as the purpose was to create small videos. In order to utilize data, that was collected during the day we faced some small challenges that were time consuming. At the first place, we have not downloaded the GPX format files for the track log, keeping in mind that we can solve this issue by downloading KML and GPX software from the Internet, which consumed time. GPX file formats are beneficial and provide advantages. GPX is used as a GPS exchange format that is used for exchanging the files related to GPS between diferent-supported applications. Moreover, the format is also beneficial as the GPS files can be shared with other users. Usually, different file formats are only recognized by their file format and does not provide any description of the inside contents in a file. Whereas, GPX format files facilitate users, by providing description of the inside contents for a file, that enables users to contribute or create programs easily as they become aware of the contents (, GPX Explained). Secondly, we also faced issues with Google maps because the indications of our points were in the right order but in wrong places. Initially we thought that we have done something wrong with the clock of one of the devices involves in the project. Moreover, the ArcMap was also very difficult as compared to the other issues as the base map, which we utilized, has to be geo-referenced. The ArcMap is a central point where all the applications are managed in the ArcGIS Desktop environment. ArcMap acts as a hub in ArcGIS Desktop along with all tasks related to cartography, map analysis and editing. ArcMap is a full featured application of map authoring for ArcGIS desktop. Moreover, ArcMap is categorized in to two types of map views i.e. A view for geographical data and a view for page layout. The view for geographical data consists of symbolized geographical layers that are compiled and analyzed into GIS based data sets. Moreover, in the data frame, a table of contents interface controls and manage the properties related to drawing of the GIS data layers (, ArcMap (Sold by RockWare) ). The resolution was too low that it was difficult for the naked eye to identify anything. However, perseverance and a paper map in the end resolved the issue. Moreover, there was no management for track logs as they were scattered and were available for places including bridges, and places that are covered. One issue that is more surprising was the waypoint error, which we had on one of our waypoints. Overwhelming achievements were the GPS waypoints, as they matched accurately with the street layouts of the base map. However, there were very few that were out of the way than others, but these spots were of narrow streets where we took the co ordinates that has created errors. The places with wide exposure with pictures taken from an open square with co ordinates that locates it back near Silema at the sea. We recorded waypoints either side of the Sliema and they were perfect. After solving issues with cautious editing in Arc, routes need o be redraw along with entering attribute information. Although it was a length procedure, we succeeded in the end. The result associated with the mash up process includes a creation of maps along with pictures, videos and information about the pint of war history. Whereas the application that were utilized were Google map, Flicker, web links, brochures etc. Day 3 Day 3 was consisted of Gonzo style data collection by Trimble Juno portable devices integration with Windows mobile and ESRI Arcpad. We were only provided by an open brief, in which no specification was available, except the fact that we were given a starting co-ordinate and have to capture features related to land use in Melliha. In my opinion, the task was exceptionally frustrating due to many factors, but I will try to explain those that were overriding around the obstacles that were stumbled upon us. Likewise, it was very difficult to cope up with the Arcpad and device. Due to the light of the sun, the screen was not visible at all and I was not able to identify symbols. However, I was carrying a hard copy of quick reference field guide. The heat was intense and I was exhausted while rooming through terraces and scrub terrains, so I drank a lot of water during that period. Moreover, my intensions were to avoid trespassing on privately owned property but there were no signs to identify. The aim was to carry forward a methodological and precise approach by utilizing capture vertices by GPS location functionality features where applicable; however, sketching was required in large quantities. The othophoto was un trustable as we knew that there were many inaccuracies and distortions associated with orthorectification. In order to solve this issue, we captured a vertex at the reference point as a significant feature. Likewise, we then diverted to another remarkable feature where we had a clear line of sight to the first reference feature. These points and footpaths were than deployed to confine on the device in order to sketch the land use features that we were not able to access or receive acceptable GPS signal and PDOP values. As far as retrospect is concerned, in the bottom part of the valley on the terraces was not the recommended method. We should have sketched it from a vantage point by deploying appropriate line of sight and reference points to those reference features during estimation of distances via them on Trimble Juno. At the beginning we were not able to decide to capture which feature, there was no consensus between us for capturing urban features or agricultural decline by making terraces the center of attention. Furthermore, we were also not sure of which direction to follow, as we were unaware of the final meeting co ordinates and want to locate closely with each other as we receive them. However, we were confident to head towards the beach, which we did in the last. On the arrival of the co ordinates, we made ourselves available there and waited patiently for the meeting time. Accordingly, we were at the wrong end as the Nigels instructed us that we should be out in the sea as we went on board of an epic journey to the blue umbrellas. Day 4 On day 4, we returned to Mellieha today in order to begin our next journey to Trimble Junos for landuse survey. We were much more focused and have planned for the task and activities we have to perform, how to do it and how to categorize these activities and tasks. The start was not ideal for day 4, as we thought that the Juno GPS signals would vary as they did yesterday but after passing half an hour, the signals went stable throughout the day. We gathered a larger area mapped on this particular day, as we were now expert of operating the Juno and Arc pad. Yesterday these both created several issues, which are eliminated. However, some issues were still existent including issues while accessing areas and packages of land with indistinct categories. Moreover, the accuracy was also a concern as we construct areas with PDOP value that started to increase and at the end of the day same as yesterday, everyone was exhausted. The tough challenge was the weather as it was so hot and humid; it seems to be that everything is burning around me with high fire flames and the humidity is falling towards our faces. The Juno operation works best openly so that it views the clear view to satellites. Day 5 Day 5 was about the assessment of GPS and noise pollution. We got a comprehensive introduction of how to use the RTK kit before starting our day 5. When we got the device in our possession, two tasks were due on us on this particular day. The first task was associated with the applicability of different GPS devices, which we are using for almost a year. Some of the names of these GPS devices are Etrax, Trimble devices and Magellion. We have to construct a hypothesis to examine their efficiency and accuracy critically in a specific area of Sliema. All the member of the group decided that we would measure the variability of satellite stations that will be utilized by each GPS device at different sample sites. The points including the features in the sample site interfere with the reception will be considered. Adding onto this we felt that the hypothesis should embrace expensive and higher specification GPS receiver of the Trimble GeoXH device, in order to have not only an increased amount of satellite stations at all sites but have these satellite stations at a consistent rate across the site area. The GeoXH device is loaded with enormous features. The GeoXH handheld delivers real-time decimeter integrates vital features for optimal accuracy for fieldwork in a one device (, Trimble - Mapping & GIS - GeoExplorer 6000 Series GeoXH Handheld). Moreover, the GeoXH handheld establishes a new standard for GNSS system performance and handheld data capture and shares many features such as (, Trimble - Mapping & GIS - GeoExplorer 6000 Series GeoXH Handheld): (10 cm / 4 inch) accuracy positioning It has ‘satellite shadow reduction technology’ 220 channel GNSS receiver with real-time H-Star technology that facilitates decimeter accuracy and fast convergence. Trimble Floodlight satellite shadow reduction that aids in exploring more positions and increased accuracy in tough environments. The Geo XH has smart Settings that are set and forget GNSS configuration for better results in all conditions. 4.2" polarized display including crystal-clear text, photos, and maps and even in direct sunlight. Integrated 5-megapixel autofocus camera to capture high quality photos and link directly to features and integrated Internet connectivity options. Integrated Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, and optional 3.5G cellular modem that share options such as work online, anywhere, cable-free Lightning-fast processing power and expandable storage to work with large, complex datasets without compromising performance It has a field swappable battery for providing 10 hours operation on a single charge and swap-and-go battery replacement in the field. It has a built in Windows Mobile 6.5 that is a proven mobile platform with the latest features and functionality. Designed for work with reliable rugged design However, analyzing the data that we have collated so far, at this premature stage, as it seems that the hypothesis was proved erroneous in our case, concluding more analysis. The second task was to evaluate a quality that is instituted in urban areas. In this case, we pulled out the quality of noise pollution in a specified area of Sliema. We decided on utilizing a db reading device that was acquired and mapped out from the catchment area, as the area has quiet back roads attached with noisy beaches. As we went along, we recorded at 40m intervals, 6 values of the db reader for every 10 seconds for 60 seconds. Adding to this we collated x.y values to give spatial attributes to these values that will be applied in post processing after the end of the day. Fortunately, it was not a bad day, we discovering how to assess differing equipment and how they interact with the environment along with learning the environment that might hinder the equipment. Optimistically interesting readings were extracted from post processing. Day 6 Therefore, our final task today associated with RTK. “Real time kinematic GPS is a position location process whereby signals received from a reference device (such as a GPS receiver) can be compared using carrier phase corrections transmitted from a reference station to the user’s roving receiver. Using the correction information, RTK systems can provide real time accuracy below 5 cm” (, Global Positioning System Real Time Kinematic GPS - RTK GPS Definition). I was hoping to assemble the RTK from the initial stage. However, another group had already configured RTK already and all the hard work of setting up the software in the initial stage was already finished. Data collection involves activities of walking around to collect and record point data around Sliema.  Data recording associated with RTK was relatively easy. However, RTK was not utilized to its full potential as we have constraint of time. Therefore, we had to record all the point data on the paper. This will facilitate us during data upload on a computer and provide us opportunity to review each polygon and line. I hope that in the near future we will get the opportunity to use the RTK again. Moreover, today was a good experience as we operated very precise GIS hardware. I will make this blog to an end with my thoughts and views over the last couple of days. It has definitely been very enlightening, understanding where GIS data is collected from and how it is collected, makes you really appreciate how much work and effort has been put into data such as Master map data. This particular field trip provided massive learning outcomes and experience. However, it was not easy in the sun as we all were exhausted but now it is time to go home. One more point I would like to share that is related to all the different equipment we have been using this week, is that expensive and complex equipments does not necessarily mean better results in all situations, and that surveying in built up environments is incredibly difficult.    References , MagellanGPS - Go Geocaching with eXPlorist GC . Available: http://www.magellangps.com/lp/eXploristGC/index.html#3 [4/21/2011, 2011]. , eTrex - . Available: https://buy.garmin.com/shop/shop.do?pID=6403 [4/21/2011, 2011]. , Trimble - GPS, Laser, Optics, and Positioning Hardware, Software, and Services . Available: http://www.trimble.com/ [4/21/2011, 2011]. , GPX Explained . Available: http://www.topografix.com/gpx_for_users.asp [4/21/2011, 2011]. , ArcMap (Sold by RockWare) . Available: http://www.rockware.com/product/overviewSection.php?id=189§ion=54 [4/21/2011, 2011]. , Global Positioning System Real Time Kinematic GPS - RTK GPS Definition . Available: http://www.wirelessdictionary.com/wireless_dictionary_gps_rtk_gps_definition.html [4/21/2011, 2011]. , Trimble - Mapping & GIS - GeoExplorer 6000 Series GeoXH Handheld . Available: http://www.trimble.com/mappingGIS/geoxh6000.aspx?dtID=key_benefits [4/21/2011, 2011]. Read More