BIOL 232 Human Physiology - assignment - Essay Example

The ACE inhibitor corrects this problem by inhibiting angiogenesis-converting enzymes, which in turn lower the activity level of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS). This allows renin from the juxtaglomerular apparatus to produce angiotensin, which tells the adrenal glands to produce aldosterone. The ACEI tells the body to do this, thus keeping the blood pressure under control. If the woman was to start taking this, and blood and urine samples were taken, I would see an abnormal level of both sodium and potassium.

The woman’s sodium levels would be higher, due to the fact that by using angiotensin produced by the body via the ACEI, it will create more aldosterone, which in turn will cause her kidney tubules to retain more sodium ions. For the same reason, her potassium levels would be lower, as the aldosterone causes kidney tubules to excrete potassium. The ACEI will affect the woman’s cardiac cycle by constricting her arterioles. This will cause arterial blood pressure to rise, while decreasing the blood flow.

Regardless of the dosage, the woman will have an increase in myocardial capillarization. The glomular filtration rate is the same, which in turn increases her capillary filtration, in spite of lowered kidney blood flow. . Explain in detail how this weapon would affect the following: a) heart rate, b) kidney function, c) absorption of nutrients following digestion. This weapon would affect the Na/K pump’s action by raising the person’s heart rate, as the Na/K pump’s action would reduce. In addition, it would increase the person’s atrial fibrillation, chances of heart failure, and atrial fluttering.

The Na/K pump would no longer be able to assist with myocardial contractility, increasing stroke possibility, decreased tissue perfusion, lowered hemodynamics and worsening of the ventricular function curve. The weapon would affect the kidney function by decreasing renal blood flow, thus raising the glomular filtration rate, which decreases capillary filtration. This in turn will reduce to amount of aldosterone secreted by the body, decreasing sodium absorption and increasing potassium ions within the body.

This is because the aldosterone has been reduced; therefore, the kidneys do not secrete enough potassium. This lowers blood volume and lowers blood pressure. Finally, the weapon would affect nutrient absorption in the rumen of the small and large intestines due to a decrease of cellular sodium levels due to the reduced activity of the Na/K pump. This lowers sodium instability in the gastrointestinal system, lowering the body’s ability to absorb nutrients properly. Question 3. Organophosphates are chemical agents that bind to and inhibit acetylcholine esterase.

Explain the effects of exposure to high levels of organophosphates on the somatic nervous system and the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system. Be sure to explain the physiological mechanisms behind these effects. Explain why a person who has