Oil/Gas Handling Facility and API Gravity - Assignment Example

Student’s Name] [Instructor’s Name] Design of Machine 5/11/18 The purpose of the following MAIN systems found in an oil/gas handling facility: Wellhead and manifold - Is used to seal pressure for the section of the system that casts thus controlling the pressure during drilling. Manifold are used as an exhaust or intake of air during the functioning of the system. Separation process- this process enables the separation of crude oil, water and gas. Without this it will be impossible for any production to take place. This process allows the removal of the contaminant from the crude through physical means or otherwise. The separation is a method that when it is applied on large amount of contaminated media becomes inefficient. Compression stages- are used in compressing gas before being used. This is in two forms positive displacement compression and kinetic compression. This type of compression is important as help in purifying gas and oil. This is important as they reduce impurities and oil. compression makes gas lower on expansion. Bulk treatment- is used treat bulk substances with the facility. This is necessary when it comes to purifying substances like tar. Water treatment- water treatment enables the removal of some substances from water before being disposed off. If water is disposed off without treatment it may cause a lot of environmental damage. Glycol unit – this unit is used to remove water from natural gas liquid by dehydration. LACT- this measured units of quality and net volume of liquid hydrocarbons produced during the processing. Most of these systems are controlled by the microprocessors; the system can be easily programmed to suite the prevailing conditions. Gas lift- this supports unloading activities after mining of the liquid hydrocarbons consist of gas and oil. Well testing- this is to carry out some tests to ascertain the hydrocarbons properties of contents of a well/oil in a well. This information/data is very important in determining the way forward of a well. 2. Molecular weight of a gas The molecular weight of a gas is found to be 18.85 g/mole. What is the specific gravity of that gas? Specific gravity= (The engineering tool box 1) Molecular weight of water is 18.02 g/mol Therefore Specific gravity= = = 1.05 3). Specific gravity from API Gravity: Surface tension, viscosity, and specific gravity are factors that affect how an oil spill will spread. The higher the surface tension, the level of attraction in a liquid's surface molecules, the greater is the tendency for the spill to remain. Oil usually floats on water because they have lower specific density; however, the evaporation of lighter substance could cause heavier oils, such as animal fats and vegetable oils, to sink and thereafter form tar balls or interact with sediments on the bottom of the water. Viscosity, meantime, is the measure of how a liquid resists flow. Highly viscous oil tends to remain in a single place a). Light crude oil is defined as having aoAPI gravity higher than 31.1 oAPI. What is the specific gravity of that light crude oil? API Gravity = (Alberta oil and gas trading). 31.1 oAPI = - 131.5 162.6= 162.6RD =141.5 specific density =0.87023 Therefore specific gravity is 0.87023 a) Medium oil is defined as having API gravity between 22.3 0API and 31.1 oAPI. OAPI. Calculate the range of specific gravity of the medium crude oil. Range of specific gravity of the medium crude oil = 22.3 oAPI = - 131.5 153.8= 153.8SG =141.5 Specific density =0.92 31.1 oAPI = - 131.5 162.6= 162.6SG =141.5 Specific density =0.87023 Range of specific gravity of the medium crude oil is between 0.87023 and 0.92 b) Heavy oil is defined as having API gravity below 22.3 oAPI. Calculation the specific gravity of heavy crude oil. 22.3 oAPI = - 131.5 153.8= 153.8SG =141.5 Specific density =0.92 d). Oil which will not flow at normal temperature or without dilution is named Bitumen and the API gravity is generally less than 100 API. Bitumen derive from the oil sands deposits in the AIberta, Canada area has an API gravity of around 8 oAPI. It is `upgraded` oil is known as synthetic oil. What is the specific gravity of the bitumen found in Alberta? 8 oAPI = - 131.5 139.5= 139.5SG =141.5 Specific density =1.014 4). Calculate the specific gravity of iron if it has a density of 7850 kg/m3. Specific gravity= The density of iron is 7850kg/m3. While the density of water is 1000kg/m3. Therefore specific density of iron= = 7.85 5). An unknown liquid substance has a mass of 18.5 g and occupies a volume of 23.4 mL. Calculate the density of the liquid. Search online to find the type of material this is! To begin with we will convert ml to cm3. 1 cm3 = 1ml thus it goes without saying that 23.4Ml is 23.4 cm3. Therefore density will be calculated as Density = = =0.790598g/cm3= 790.59829kg/cm3 From internet sources we can state that this density is for ethanol (the engineering tool box 2013) 6).Suppose you had natural gas with a specific gravity of 0.8, what is this density of that gas at 1500 PSIA and 1750F? Convert the units of density of kg/m3. Where is density of gas, m is molecular weight of gas, R is gas constant, T is absolute temperature and Z is deviation factor that accounts for the difference between actual and ideal gas volumes Gas specific gravity = 0.8, T = 460 + 175 = 6350F, P = 1500 psia M for natural gas is 29 and R = 10.7 From the graph above Tpc = 4220F Ppc = 672 psia Tr = T/Tpc = 635/422 = 1.505 Pr = P/Ppc = 1500/672 = 2.23 From Figure below : z = 0.87 Thus = = 5.89lb/ft3 = 94.35kg/m3 7). suppose you had a petroleum liquid fraction that had a specific gravity of 0.76 at 600F. Assuming no phase change occurs, what would be the specific gravity of that substance at 2000F? Specific gravity= At 60oF it is 0.76 0.76= Density = 760kg/m3 Density of water at 200oF is 963.06 Therefore specific gravity at 200oF = = 0.789 The specific gravity of the substance is 0.789 References Alberta oil and gas trading. How to calculate API gravity? 4 September 2013. Web. 25 May 2014 PetroWiki,. Calculating gas properties. 4 September 2013. Web. 25 May 2014 The engineering tool box . Relative Density (Specific Gravity). 4 September 2013. Web. 25 May 2014 Read More