Pneumatic and Hydraulics - Assignment Example

LIСАTIОNS ОF РNЕUMАTIС АND НYDRАULIСS (J/601/1496 Student’s Name Institution Task 1: - LO 3.1 Designing a hydraulic multi-actuator sequential operation circuit that comprises of the emergency stop must have more than two components so as to achieve its operation and control. Speed control of a hydraulic cylinder is accomplished using a flow control valve. A flow control valve controls and regulate the speed of cylinder by controlling the flow rate to and off the actuator. When the directional monitored valve is actuated to the 1st position, oil flows through the flow control valve to extend the cylinder1. When the control valve is actuated to the 1st position, oil moves via the flow control valve to the cylinder. The extending taped off the cylinder directly depends on the setting of the flow control valve. Moreover, when the directional control valve is actuated to the second position, the cylinder retracts as the oil moves to the cylinder to the fuel tank via the check valve to the control valve. Practically, the limits switch temporarily by the cylinders controlling the solenoid valves to sequence the circuit. The solenoid will be powered by a pushbutton so as to initiate the movement 1. On the completion of the movement 1, limit switch E will be actuated so as to power the solenoid c2. This will initiate flow 2. At the end of stream 2, limit switch named f will be actuated to power solenoid b that results into the initiation of the flow 3.At the end of this movement, limit switch G will be actuated to power the solenoid resulting in the initiation of movement 4. The emergency stop valve in return of all sequential operations will be tasked with preventing the door from reaching the closing end when putting together with the latching emergency stop valve. Once the door has been stopped, the fluids will not be re-introduced until the reset button is released and the emergency have been accessed then the button will be un-latched. Figure 1: Hydraulic Multi-actuator Sequential Operation Circuit Task 2: - LO 3.2 Designing and producing a circuit design diagram for hydraulic rotary actuation system that includes speed control in both directions. This circuit includes individual sets of components. One of this component is the directional control valve. This valve restores the hydraulic fluids to the plurality of pressure chambers of an actuator and flows the same fluid to the hydraulic fluid steering engine through the check valve and to the stop valve. Another valve that makes this circuit complete is the relief valve. This valve ensures that the required charge is passed to the air volume in the pressure chamber via the directional control valve to the check valve and finally to the stop valves. This will hold the rudder blades in a hydraulic locked state thereby regulating the speed. On the diagram below, valve 40 turns the rudder blade across the rudder 41 so that it can set the straight-line motion of rams numbered 42 and 43 and in return set motion which is then converted to the rotary through the crosshead 41. The cylinder 1, 2, 3 and 4 will make the ram 42 and 43 to possess both backward and forward movement. Moreover, to heighten the emergency of the circuit, the circuit will pose a small diameter oil pipeline. This will ensure that the emergency steering is separated from the main steering line. The circuit will also comprise of the various ports that are made to perform different functions. For example, Ports A and B, which is located on the valve Y with oil passage 5and 6 passes the oil to line 13, 14, 9 and 19.RThe stop valves 5 and 6 also help to assist in this process. Port P that works together with bumps PF1 of the double unit for the emergency works through the oil lines 16. Port T helps the oil to return the oil line of the hand driven directional valve D13. The stop valve two and three will be joined by the oil lines named 1, 2 3 and 4 in collaboration with the each other through a relief R1. The stop valves are only opened when there is an emergency that requires a sudden stop. The hand-operated control valve D1 will be joined to the oil line six and five through the front seven, eight eleven and twelve4. On the same diagram, SD will indicate a solenoid-operated valve Y. This S.D valve will replace the hand-driven directional control valve in the event of the emergency. The cylinder 1, 2, 3 and 4 will be fixed with bleeder valves E1, E2, E3, E4 that are directly connected to the oil tank 38. These will help to pass the oil from the steering pump unit through the bleeder line 32, 36 and 38 together with the stop valve E5. This will cut off the fluid such that the emergency stop can be reached. In ensuring that the circuit has got the ability to monitor the speed, different stages are needed. The initial, stage is the restock of the oil. Under this stage, the fluid is prevented from reaching the cylinder y1, y2, y3 and y4 with the help of the stop valves V1, V2, V3, and V4. As a result of this, the directional control valve will be changed to the directional control valve D2 thus switch the emergency motor M ON. This will in return turn and stabilize the emergency motor M making the hand-operated valve D1 to shift to the charging position D1-1 for the load to be carried out by the stumps PF1 and PF25. The rudder blade will be tossed up and down by waves while the fluid oil will flow towards the pressure chamber so that it can give a lot of resistance to the circuit against the waves. The second stage is the bleeding stage. This step occurs once the interlocking of the stop valve is completed. The cylinder one and two and each of their air bleeder valves will be opened for the air bleeding to take place in each of the two valves. Once the bleeding has been completed the valves three and four which are also the bleeder valves will open simultaneously letting the oil quantity in the fuel tank 37 to be passed to the emergency pump unit. The final stage is the emergency scene. The stop valves five and six will be opened while the solenoid –operated valve x will change under the electric non-monitors6. Through this way, the ports that are managed by the valve Y will be used to influence the steering engine in the port hence controlling the speed. Figure 2: Hydraulic Rotary Actuation Task 3: - LO 3.3 A circuit design diagram for an electro-pneumatic system arrangement Designing a circuit diagram for an electro-pneumatic will require certain sequential valves that which will be used to monitor the sequence of operation of the existing double cylinders7. More elaborately, the operations of the two double acting cylinders C1 and C2 will depend completely on the two sequential valves8. When the clamp is moved to the center position, the left cylinder ejects completely. This will release a pressure which is passed through the tube to the center stage. In return, the valve will open making the right cylinder extend. If the clamp is shifted to the right or the left, the right cylinder will retract fully making the left cylinder also to retract. Therefore, the arrangement of this machine is controlled by the sequence valves. The spring which is placed at the center position of the DCV locks the both the two cylinders once the desired arrangement has been made. An elaborate way how this circuit is seen when left cylinder which is also known as the clamping cylinder C1 expands and clamp workpiece. The right cylinder will then punch the cylinder that extends to make a hole in the workpiece. The right cylinder will then retract the punch making the left cylinder decamp the workpiece for removal. All these machines arrangements must happen and the proper sequence as required by this circuit. Figure 3: Pneumatic Circuit Figure 4: Electric Circuit Task 4: - LO 3.4 Fail-safe circuit mostly is designed to control accidents of the machine resulting from overload or power failure which in return lead to equipment damages and injuries of the operators. The diagram below elaborates a fail-safe circuit that prevents the cylinder from accidentally falling due to the power failure in the hydraulic line ruptures. In the event of the power loss, the cylinder is lowered by making the pilot pressure from the blank tank to open the check valve located at the rod end so as to allow the oil to return via the DCV to the reservoir9. This will occur when the push-button valve is actuated so as to allow the pilot pressure actuation of the DCV. Consequently, the pilot-operated DCV will permit the free flow of the fluids in the opposite direction so as to retract the cylinder after the DCV returns to the spring offset mode. More precisely, the direction control valve labeled 1 will be regulated by the push button. When the overload valve three is placed in its spring offset mode, the valve will suck the pilot line of the valve 1. When there is a lot of excessive resistance especially during the extension stroke, the overload valve 3 will be actuated by the sequence valve 4.This in return will drain the fluids from the pilot line of the valve1. Consequently, causing valve 1 to come back to its original spring mode. This will lock the push button valve 2 making nothing to move unless the valve 3 is manually changed to the port configuration. In return, this ensures that the protection of the operators and the equipment from injuries and damages. Figure 5: Fail-safe Circuit Task 5: - LO 4.1 The use of hydraulic fluid power technology for industrial application Hydraulic fluid power technology has a lot of industrial purposes. One of this application is the concrete saw. This machine is used to cut material straight or at a desired angle. For this machine to work properly, a 5-hp hydraulic motor is joined to a rack-and-pinion transfer machine and with the help of a joystick, the operator can move the potentiometer so as to set the desired power level of the electric motor. This will cause variable-displacement, move the rack, pressure-compensated hydraulic pump and eventual cause the saw to cut a concrete slab. Another application of the hydraulic fluid technology is the flying cutoff shear. This machine is work in a manner that it is being accelerated to the speed of the tubing, other material channeled down the line and even along the stock10. However, it is must match the velocity of the moving stock at a given instant that both materials have to pass beneath the cutting actuator. With the new design of this machine, the electronic rotary tracking encoders are connected so as to pick up the speed and position of both the moving material and the accelerating cutter table. At such point, the encoder output signals are sent to the electronic controller where they are continuously compared. Hydraulic fluid power is also used in the shredding machine in which hydraulic pump drive combination controls the shredder blades. This device function in a way that when the power in the motor increases to the maximum, the conveyor speed is automatically lowered so as to hold motor power constant. Gasket blanking machine Gasket blanking machine will consist of a loading bed where the sheet gasket is fed from the roll via tooling which will relatively cut the outline, separate the gasket and separate the center crap from the remaining sheet11. The feed bed or the loading bed will be adapted to receive a moving web of gasket materials from three openings which are spaced far from each other. More so, the machine will have substantial unrolling ways so as to lower the content and interlock them. Once the gasket materials have been interlocked, the materials will be moved to the blanking area through a feed bed which is mounted at one end of the power bed. Once the material has reached the blanking area, the machine will blink red if the gasket materials are not adequately located and will blink green when the elements are correctly placed. These signals are located at the right side of the machine opposite to the feed bed. Once in position the trap door will open so as to release the gasket to the waiting queue tube. After the ejection of the material, the guard will be opened to lower it to the conveyor for the storage. Task 6: - LO 4.2 Technical requirement and commercial consideration for the banking machine One of the primary technical requirements for the Gasket blanking is to evaluate and determine whether the gasket's application will involve dense materials or sponge materials. This is because the material the gasket blanking machine is made of will influence the closing force which will in turn call for the calculation of the amount of power which may be involved so as to reduce chances of machine blowing up. For instance, if the application of this device requires little closing force, the gasket blanking will be best served by a sponge cross section12. On the other hand, if the request requires a higher force, the machine then will be served by a dense section so as to help resist the force. Therefore, before applying the gasket blanketing techniques, the users must check the attributes and features of the required application and what they may involve. The second requirement of the Gasket blanking is having a full knowledge on how the compression fit will be attached to a particular section into the channels. Here, the designers will have to check if an adhesive will be applied to the seal or other methods of attachments may be required. Other means of attachment that may be used here includes staple, nails, and clips. Together with this, the engineers and the designer must locate the opening seal which is also referred to as the gap that the machine will be fit into. More so, they must indicate it elaborately so that the users may not confuse them with other gaps. The fit holes include the minimum and maximum gap that runs throughout the application and considering the tolerance of the sealing and enclosure materials. It is also a requirement to consider the adhesive attachment application. This requirement stipulates that for proper machine attachment, the attachment noodles should be wider and firm. It also explains that the minimum strips of the adhesive that is tasked with the function of holding the seal to the mating substrate must have considerable weight13. This is so as to be able to withstand the pressures of the connected machine. The sealing environment is another requirement for this machine. Before any application, the users and designer are required to determine the environmental conditions of the application. For example, they have an obligation to check whether the environment involves cold or hot. More so they have to check if it will include the use of solvents and other chemicals. The UV and zone exposure analysis must be carried to determine whether the materials can resist extreme chemicals. Health safety is also a requirement needed when applying and designing this machine14. This standard revolves around the hydraulic fluids and filters that are used together with the gasket blanketing machines. This provision stipulates that a proper protection should be made so that accidents and other fatal occurrences can be eliminated. Task 7: - LO 4.3 Health and safety requirements for the design, installation, maintenance and use of the blanking machine: To meet the health and safety requirement stipulated for the gasket blanketing machines, the company is required to be responsible for the managing and carrying periodical electrical monitor and inspections testing in all their builds for low voltage system. This calls for the company and the other users to design a program that deals with the inspection and testing each building at a given interval as indicated by risk assessment authority. When the result of the inquiry finds some default, the company should attend and make the necessary repairs so as to make the system safe. The company is also required to have a process Safety information. This is accurate and complete written information addressing the process technology, handling procedures, process chemical, hazard analysis, and management program. This information is required as a necessary source of information for a variety of people especially to those who will be handling the machine15. The process technology information is required to be part and parcel of the process safety information package, and it should include comprehensive diagrams and the outlined procedures for maximum inventory levels for the machines, a limit beyond which may lead to an accident or explosion. Investigation of the past incidents is also considered as one of the health and safety requirements for the blanketing machine. This is because the procedure for investigating the possible causes of the past incidents will make the company adjust in areas they had weakness and carried proper maintenance so that such occurrences may not happen again. Furthermore, in an event of an accident, while working on this machine, the employees should be equipped with emergency preparedness16. This ensures that they are capable of escaping and handling the accident without causing health problem to them. Regarding the Gasket installation and centralization, the company is required to ensure that before the actual installation, the flange parts are correctly brought together and assembled and also that the flange mating surface is made to be parallel to each other. For example, the engineer must ensure that new gasket is carefully inserted between the ribs so as to prevent surface damage to the gasket. Again, during the installation, it is expected that the engineers to use a compatible lubricant with the nuts and washers. This lubricant must also be ideal to the process fluid. Reference List Read More

This will hold the rudder blades in a hydraulic locked state thereby regulating the speed. On the diagram below, valve 40 turns the rudder blade across the rudder 41 so that it can set the straight-line motion of rams numbered 42 and 43 and in return set motion which is then converted to the rotary through the crosshead 41. The cylinder 1, 2, 3 and 4 will make the ram 42 and 43 to possess both backward and forward movement. Moreover, to heighten the emergency of the circuit, the circuit will pose a small diameter oil pipeline.

This will ensure that the emergency steering is separated from the main steering line. The circuit will also comprise of the various ports that are made to perform different functions. For example, Ports A and B, which is located on the valve Y with oil passage 5and 6 passes the oil to line 13, 14, 9 and 19.RThe stop valves 5 and 6 also help to assist in this process. Port P that works together with bumps PF1 of the double unit for the emergency works through the oil lines 16. Port T helps the oil to return the oil line of the hand driven directional valve D13.

The stop valve two and three will be joined by the oil lines named 1, 2 3 and 4 in collaboration with the each other through a relief R1. The stop valves are only opened when there is an emergency that requires a sudden stop. The hand-operated control valve D1 will be joined to the oil line six and five through the front seven, eight eleven and twelve4. On the same diagram, SD will indicate a solenoid-operated valve Y. This S.D valve will replace the hand-driven directional control valve in the event of the emergency.

The cylinder 1, 2, 3 and 4 will be fixed with bleeder valves E1, E2, E3, E4 that are directly connected to the oil tank 38. These will help to pass the oil from the steering pump unit through the bleeder line 32, 36 and 38 together with the stop valve E5. This will cut off the fluid such that the emergency stop can be reached. In ensuring that the circuit has got the ability to monitor the speed, different stages are needed. The initial, stage is the restock of the oil. Under this stage, the fluid is prevented from reaching the cylinder y1, y2, y3 and y4 with the help of the stop valves V1, V2, V3, and V4.

As a result of this, the directional control valve will be changed to the directional control valve D2 thus switch the emergency motor M ON. This will in return turn and stabilize the emergency motor M making the hand-operated valve D1 to shift to the charging position D1-1 for the load to be carried out by the stumps PF1 and PF25. The rudder blade will be tossed up and down by waves while the fluid oil will flow towards the pressure chamber so that it can give a lot of resistance to the circuit against the waves.

The second stage is the bleeding stage. This step occurs once the interlocking of the stop valve is completed. The cylinder one and two and each of their air bleeder valves will be opened for the air bleeding to take place in each of the two valves. Once the bleeding has been completed the valves three and four which are also the bleeder valves will open simultaneously letting the oil quantity in the fuel tank 37 to be passed to the emergency pump unit. The final stage is the emergency scene.

The stop valves five and six will be opened while the solenoid –operated valve x will change under the electric non-monitors6. Through this way, the ports that are managed by the valve Y will be used to influence the steering engine in the port hence controlling the speed. Figure 2: Hydraulic Rotary Actuation Task 3: - LO 3.3 A circuit design diagram for an electro-pneumatic system arrangement Designing a circuit diagram for an electro-pneumatic will require certain sequential valves that which will be used to monitor the sequence of operation of the existing double cylinders7.

More elaborately, the operations of the two double acting cylinders C1 and C2 will depend completely on the two sequential valves8. When the clamp is moved to the center position, the left cylinder ejects completely.

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