Portable and Mobile X-ray Machine - Coursework Example

Portable and mobile x ray machine Name Institution Subject Instructor Date Introduction The model of the x-ray portable machine in consideration here is Motorized MobileArt Evolutionx-ray machine and the company that manufactures it is the Simadzu Company1. Sophisticated facilities in the health centers require quick analysis under various circumstances. This new technology, state-of-the-art system that is mobile is presented in two different forms: One type which is standardized and which brings about more enhancements in the maneuverability and convenient handling of, of Shimadzu mobile systems as well as the improved power type. This makes it possible to obtain superior and high image quality. It also eliminates the blurring of images and ensures short exposure times. The system makes provision of a powerful system support which aids a lot in the medical practice. Its mobility makes in possible and easier to be manipulated by the operator. The mobile art evolution system possesses several state-of-the-art futures that make it convenient to use for several applications in the medical field2. In consists of a mechanism that suppresses the blurring of the images while reducing or shortening the exposure time to the radiations. It also has got brilliant smooth and outstanding driving system with a silent motor which ensures that hospital environments are quiet and enhances the rigidity of the unit. The system has also a safety driving alarm that aids in driving and thereby avoiding accidents when maneuvering around a medical with crowded facilities. It does that by alerting others of its presence while it is in motion. The design of the mobile art evolution system has got a body that is shock resistant and which is strong to prevent damaging of the unit it is during its movement in the course of its movement around the ward3. This is done with the help of a device that is known as soft touch bumper which automatically stops upon detection of the slightest pressure. It’s got an adjustable height of the drive handle which can be adjusted to various heights above the standard height during installation. This makes is easier to be accommodative to operators of various heights. The keyless entry that the system possesses enables the users to use it without having to struggle with keying in passwords or codes. The readily upgradeable DR system Safe operation details for the portable x-ray machine This safe operation user guide offers guidance for appropriate implementation of skills and knowledge obtained by the user during training. It also plays an important role in educating the practitioners concerning safe operation principles of the system4. The guide is meant to offer assistance as well to those who may be interested in obtaining an insight to the functionality of the system. It consists of a thin protective transport layer that offers protection to the phosphor. There is also another layer which is known as the Rare earth Phosphor, it’s composed of fine grained crystals of gadolinium, yttrium or lanthanum which are closely dispersed. Their function is to perform an immediate conversion of the x-rays to obtain a visible light that has a minimum of afterglow5. The Barium phosphor layer consists of a fine grained layer of europium activated which is closely dispersed and assists in the storage of the latent image until its release during processing when it is re-stimulated. The light reflective layer brings about an increase in the intensity of light whose emission is taking place from the crystals through back reflection to the reader instead of back reflection. Another layer which is the conductive layer absorbs light and it consists of crystals which are needle like and absorb any light that is not reflected and also electrostatic charges. The gadget also consists of another layer which is the polyester support layer. This is made up of a material known as polyester which offers structural rigidity to all other layers coatings. The light shielding layer is made of carbon particles and it offers prevention of light from leakage through the rear imaging plate6. The backing layer of the gadget is a protective one which is formed from soft polymer that assists in prevention of scratching of the plates. After the making of exposure of an imaging plate, the processing of the image plate must take place for the invisible image to be released. The stored energy or the invisible image is produced from the phosphor layer through the replacement of the plate of imaging into a laser reader. When the imaging plate is hit by the red laser, a blue visible light is released by the plate. The creation of a latent image then takes place through the capturing of the blue visible light. General user guidelines for use of x-ray machine Thegeneral user guidelines for the use of x-ray machine shall be compose of the following; The records for program of radiation protection shall be subjected to maintenance unless noted otherwise. Machines for x-ray radiation must have labels including warning or caution labels that are approved Rooms for usage of x-ray machines must bear approved caution or warning labels. Repair and maintenance of x-ray machines will only be done by approved personnel. X-ray machines will only be used in accordance with the instructions of the manufacturer and no modifications will be made on them. Securing of the x-ray machines must be done in order to prevent from unauthorized person. Security X-ray machines that are not attended shall remain secured, through locking the machines or enforcing locks to the access doors. Occupational Exposure Limits The yearly extent for occupational workers shall be as follows: The overall effective equivalent dose shall be equal to 5,000 millirem The total amount of dose equivalent that is deep as well as committed dose equivalent to any organ or tissue of an individual apart from the lens of the eye shall be equal to 50,000 millirem7) Posting Posting of the following items will be done in the dental clinic; registration of the radiation machine, licenses of the health care workers, a description of the rights of workers to work in places with radiation, safety information, as well as warning or caution signs. Exposure Limits that is non-occupational to members of the public Every person using radiation-generating devices shall carry out operations such that the dose in any area that is not restricted from sources that are external does not go beyond 2 in any one hour8. Also the overall effective dose equal to individual public member from an operation that is licensed, exclusive of the contribution of dose from a disposal of the licensee of radioactive material does not exceed 100 millirem one in any year. Protective clothing Body protection aprons for use in a fluoroscopic or radiographic examinations having maximum x-ray potentials reaching 150 kVpmust make provision of attenuation equal to at least 0.5 mm of lead. The lead estimated thickness of component used must be legibly and permanently marked on the apron. Procedures to reduce dose to x-ray personnel The procedures and guidelines stated in this section are basically focused toward health protection that is occupational. However, sticking to these will as well protection to every other individual in the vicinity of an x-ray devise. The procedures of safe work practices and those for use of various types devices of x-ray should be considered as a very little, to be augmented with requirements that are additional, when warranted, to obtain cover under circumstances that are special in particular devices. To realize optimum safety, radiographers and radiology must put all effort that is reasonable in order to maintain exposures to themselves and to any other person who is far away from the specified limits. Necessary measures for safeguarding electromechanically safety in relation to the features of the system The switch to the main power input shall only be used to secure disconnection of the main power and the device. The only cord that shat shall be used for power connection to the x-ray machine is the one provided by the specialists and not any other. Every electrical connection to the x-ray device must be properly grounded9. No metallic objects or any other objects shall be inserted or come into contact with the components of the x-ray device while in use or not in use. A thorough check of the device cables shall always be done regularly for damaged cables before switching on the device. The damaged cables sockets and plugs must be replaced before switching on the device for use. Never come into contact with the naked supply outlets and simultaneously touch the patient. Ensure all the electrical connections are secure or put away from reach by water or damp environment. Gonad shields of Contact-type used in radiology of routine diagnostic mustcontain a lead of estimated thickness of a minimum of 0.25 mm and should possess a lead of estimated thickness of 0.5 mm at 150 kVp. Gonad shields of contact type must be of appropriate size and shape to remove the gonads totally from irradiation of primary beam. Protective gloves to be worn for use in fluoroscopy must possess attenuation that is estimated to at least 0.25 mm of lead at 150 kVp. This protection must be available all though the glove, including wrist and fingers. Safe operation details X-ray are energy forms that are radiant and with a resemblance of radio or light waves. The x-rays have the ability to make penetration through the human body. This makes it possible for the production of internal structures pictures that can then be viewed by the radiologist on a computer monitor10. These medical examinations assist in the provision of valuable information about the human health and which plays a very important role in determining diagnosis that is accurate. In other cases the x-rays help in placement of devices like tubes inside the body or in other procedures of therapeutic11. The following points shall be taken into consideration; The intention of the following guidelines is to maintain the limits of the x-ray exposure and to ensure compliance with the standardization requirements. The guidelines include; The x-ray gadget operators will not be so close to the x –ray gadget The operator of the x-ray gadget will not get hold of the imaging device during exposure The operation of the x-ray gadget will not take place while the device directed to a different person other than the patient. The operation of the x-ray device will not be done on people for purposes of demonstration, training or any other non-healing purpose. The x-ray room will only consist of the patient and the operator during an exposure The shall not be operation of a faulty x-ray gadget If it becomes impossible to control the x-ray gadget it shall be turned off at a breaker Face covers will be put on during exposure to the x-rays The operator will have availed to him or her the device manual Suspected overexposure to the staff or patient shall be reported immediately Necessary radiation protection measures The necessity of safe operation of the Mobile art system x-ray machine systems is paramount. Survey of radiation protection of facility is aimed at demonstrating that the installation of the device is operational in a safe environment and that all its components are properly functional. It is also a necessity to the functionality of the device provides safety to both the patient and the staff and that it functions in accordance to the acceptable standards. For this reason it is important to make regular survey of x-ray devices and facilities. The necessary radiation protection measures involve the following procedures; there should be a deferment of any operation of new installations it is declared by a qualified expert that it complies with installation regulations. A survey must also be done after any change in an old installation, which may lead to production of a radiation hazards which include alterations barriers used for protection, exchange of radiation equipment with equipment that operates at higher potentials or that brings about changes in operating procedures12. It is of great importance and also of necessity to carry out visual inspections when installation of a new device in underway, to for purposes of ensuring compliance with specifications and to make identification of faulty workmanship or material, because deficiencies can be discouraged in a more economical way at this juncture than at later stage. Such inspections must consist of determining the thickness of lead or the thickness of concrete as well as its density, the extent of overlap between the sheets of lead as well as other barriers and also the density and thickness of the leaded glass in the viewing component of the device. In order to ensure a successful radiation protection measure in relation to the features of the system it is important to carry out a detailed and rigorous survey procedure for the emission of radiation from the gadget or device. The outcomes of the survey as well as the conclusions arrived at by the qualified personnel must be handed to the person or a responsible user and it should be in the form of a report that is properly written. All similar written reports should be under the custody of a responsible owner or the user. Necessary ways to maximize clinical utilization in relation to the features In order to achieve or ensure maximize clinical utilization of the Motorized MobileArt Evolution x-ray machine, all safety operation guidelines must be adhered to as the starting point of maximized utilization. The Motorized MobileArt Evolution x-ray machine possess an x-ray image intensifying component and being an imaging component it can be applicable in the clinical maximization of the mobile x-ray machine through effective conversion of the x-rays into clearly visible image. It does this by allowing the conversion of x-rays of low intensity into light output that is clearly visible. The mobile x-ray machine also contains an input window having low absorbency, input florescent screen, electron optics, photo cathode and typical aluminum which are all mounted in an environment that is of high vacuum with glass ceramic or metal. This maximizes the utilization through ensuring that operator is easily able to view the details of the image that is being subjected to imaging. The readily adjustable handle height of the mobile x-ray machine can also be manipulated to accommodate people of a wide range of height and thereby maximizing its clinical utilization. Quality assurance task for the portable x-ray machine It a recommendation that all the facilities used in the radiology diagnostic undergo a quality assessment as well as a quality assurance procedure. The diagnostic process of a radiology equipment refers to diagnostic of a system in which in which the use of x-ray is involved in the irradiation procedure of human or animal body part for purposes of visualization or diagnosis13. Quality assurance refers to the systematic and planned activities that avail enough belief that an x-ray facility used in diagnostic produces consistent images of high quality having the highest possible exposure of the patients and the staff. The constitution of what makes up the high quality is determined through the facility that produces the images. The actions of quality assurance are composed of both procedures of quality administration as well as techniques of quality control. Program of quality assurance refers to an organization of entities that are designed purposely to ensure provision of quality assurance for a particular radiology facility.Before a purchase of new equipment is made, the diagnostic radially is made by the staff the facility should determine the required specification of performance. The Mobile art system x-ray machine purchase specifications should be provided in writing and with an inclusion in consideration of performance specifications. This takes into consideration, the availability of service personnel who are experienced. The ideas and understanding of the service personnel should be employed during the specification of purchase. Summary It is important to come up with strategies that involve administrative rules that need every radiation device and the registrants in charge to provide adequate shielding of the x-ray beams and radiations that proceed from the devices that are being used. The reason for this requirement is to make sure that members of the general public and operators of the machine are protected from unnecessary exposure to dangerous and harmful radiations and x-rays. The requirements of shielding by potential exposure of human beings and should take into consideration factors of occupancy such as work load, distance, energy and direction of the basic beam as well as other factors that are related. As for units of dental intra oral a position that is protected is a requirement for the operator and there is usually no requirement of additional shielding for the radiation that is scattered when walls are estimated to two thicknesses as compared to drywall. Mobile x-ray devices that are utilized should possess openings located at strategic positions for ease of use by the operators. When it comes to dental x-ray mobile facilities and devices, the patients and staff as well as other members of the public should be guaranteed their safety. References Carroll, Quinn B. Practical Radiographic Imaging. Springfield: Charles C Thomas Publisher, LTD, 2007, 42. Baxter, Gary M. Manual of Equine Lameness. Chichester, West Sussex, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 2011, 19. Corley, Kevin, and Jennifer Stephen.The Equine Hospital Manual.Chichester: John Wiley & Sons, 2009, 77-80. Khandpur, Raghbir Singh. Handbook of Biomedical Instrumentation. New Delhi: Tata McGraw-Hill, 2003, 96-101. Lloyd, Peter J. Quality Assurance Workbook for Radiographers & Radiological Technologists. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2004., 92 White, Gary C. Basic Clinical Lab Competencies for Respiratory Care: An Integrated Approach. Clifton Park, NY: Delmar, Cengage Learning, 2013, 18-19. Thompson, Peter L. Coronary Care Manual. Chatswood, N.S.W.: Elsevier Australia, 2010, 72-78. Chatterjee, Shakti, and Aubert Miller.Biomedical Instrumentation Systems. Clifton Park, NY: Delmar Cengage Learning, 2010, 107. Smith, Jason, Ian Greaves, and Keith M. Porter.Major Trauma. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010, 73-77. Janssens, K., and R. Van Grieken.Non-Destructive Micro Analysis of Cultural Heritage Materials. Burlington: Elsevier, 2005, 132. World Congress on Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering .World Congress on Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering 3.Radiation Protection and Dosimetry, Biological Effects of Radiation. Berlin: Springer, 2009. www.shimadzu.com/products/medical/mobile/‎ Read More

This makes is easier to be accommodative to operators of various heights. The keyless entry that the system possesses enables the users to use it without having to struggle with keying in passwords or codes. The readily upgradeable DR system Safe operation details for the portable x-ray machine This safe operation user guide offers guidance for appropriate implementation of skills and knowledge obtained by the user during training. It also plays an important role in educating the practitioners concerning safe operation principles of the system4.

The guide is meant to offer assistance as well to those who may be interested in obtaining an insight to the functionality of the system. It consists of a thin protective transport layer that offers protection to the phosphor. There is also another layer which is known as the Rare earth Phosphor, it’s composed of fine grained crystals of gadolinium, yttrium or lanthanum which are closely dispersed. Their function is to perform an immediate conversion of the x-rays to obtain a visible light that has a minimum of afterglow5.

The Barium phosphor layer consists of a fine grained layer of europium activated which is closely dispersed and assists in the storage of the latent image until its release during processing when it is re-stimulated. The light reflective layer brings about an increase in the intensity of light whose emission is taking place from the crystals through back reflection to the reader instead of back reflection. Another layer which is the conductive layer absorbs light and it consists of crystals which are needle like and absorb any light that is not reflected and also electrostatic charges.

The gadget also consists of another layer which is the polyester support layer. This is made up of a material known as polyester which offers structural rigidity to all other layers coatings. The light shielding layer is made of carbon particles and it offers prevention of light from leakage through the rear imaging plate6. The backing layer of the gadget is a protective one which is formed from soft polymer that assists in prevention of scratching of the plates. After the making of exposure of an imaging plate, the processing of the image plate must take place for the invisible image to be released.

The stored energy or the invisible image is produced from the phosphor layer through the replacement of the plate of imaging into a laser reader. When the imaging plate is hit by the red laser, a blue visible light is released by the plate. The creation of a latent image then takes place through the capturing of the blue visible light. General user guidelines for use of x-ray machine Thegeneral user guidelines for the use of x-ray machine shall be compose of the following; The records for program of radiation protection shall be subjected to maintenance unless noted otherwise.

Machines for x-ray radiation must have labels including warning or caution labels that are approved Rooms for usage of x-ray machines must bear approved caution or warning labels. Repair and maintenance of x-ray machines will only be done by approved personnel. X-ray machines will only be used in accordance with the instructions of the manufacturer and no modifications will be made on them. Securing of the x-ray machines must be done in order to prevent from unauthorized person. Security X-ray machines that are not attended shall remain secured, through locking the machines or enforcing locks to the access doors.

Occupational Exposure Limits The yearly extent for occupational workers shall be as follows: The overall effective equivalent dose shall be equal to 5,000 millirem The total amount of dose equivalent that is deep as well as committed dose equivalent to any organ or tissue of an individual apart from the lens of the eye shall be equal to 50,000 millirem7) Posting Posting of the following items will be done in the dental clinic; registration of the radiation machine, licenses of the health care workers, a description of the rights of workers to work in places with radiation, safety information, as well as warning or caution signs.

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