Design Smart Alarm System for Train - Coursework Example

Train Alarm Victoria University Name: Ali Abbas (4540239) Ahmad Abbas (4533986) Unit code: NEF1204 Date of submission: 25/8/2017 Summary The report gives the methods and outcomes in the development of Electric Passenger Train Alarm System (EPTAS). The approach absorbed for the report is research from journals, articles, and books authored on alarm systems from online services or libraries. The reason behind the development of the EPTAS is to ensure safety in the space between each compartment in Australian trains. The main outcomes are that the alarm is made a success and only works when the train is on. In conclusion, EPTAS is a recommendable device to be used for train security across the globe. Table of Contents Summary 2 Introduction 5 Research 5 Findings 6 Equipment and material 6 Procedures 7 Construction 7 Assembly of the Phi-1 shield 7 Requirements: 7 Assembling of the apparatus. 8 Programming. 9 Void setup programming. 10 Programming the loop void. 10 Programming of void loop Pt2. 10 Final. 10 Results analysis 11 How the system works 11 Sensor to a motion. 11 Shock and glass break sensor. 11 Heavy load detector. 11 Use of the alarm 12 Determiner. 12 Results discussion 13 Conditions that may result in activating an alarm. 14 Testing of an assembled shield. 15 Challenges in the report creation. 15 Conclusion 16 Recommendation 16 17 References 18 Appendices. 19 Introduction In some of the trains in Australia, there is a door in between each compartment that can allow movement from one compartment to the other as the train moves. The report is purposed for ensuring there is adequate security in train travels. Through conduction of a research from the journals, books, and articles whose content is related to circuit creation and development of alarms, the results were identified. The report analysis has been made that shows how the alarm has been developed and how it works. Some problems were encountered in course of the project where the alarm worked only when the train was on yet there could be insecurity when the train is off. The aim of the project is to ensure safe travels on trains to the passenger and captains along sides the attendants and security members in the train (Ostrowski, 2008, pp. 745). This report represents the procedure and results probably to be there in developing a train alarm. It gives the report on how the alarm works and responses supposed to be taken. The action is taken in accordance with the kind of danger portrayed. Research The research involves seeking information, knowledge, and skills to make an alarm that will be used on the train. It will be a detective device to heavy materials that could be in between the compartments thus resulting in complications in the functionality of the railway. Further, people could be a threat to the security members in between the compartments. The system's response to the sensitivity of objects in between the train compartments that could be a threat to the railway (Ostrowski, 2008, pp. 744). The research involves identification of the requirements necessary for the creation and installation of the train alarm. The train alarm is meant to cater for signaling if any threat in space in between the compartments of the train. The research will give the procedure and requirements on making the alarm additionally the reports will give the testing of the alarm in the train. The details and information thereby in the libraries has been used to gather information on the required apparatus and procedure to follow in the development of the electric train passenger alarm system. Findings The alarm system is controlled manually by the pilot vent valve. Mechanical force is required for the functioning of the alarm created. From the setup of the experiment, the alarm has been set to detect heavy loads in the space in between the compartments of the train. It is also meant to detect motion in the space when the train is in motion as well as glass break in the walls of the space. The setup shows that there are more than the stated threats in the space between the compartments. The functioning of the alarm can be signaling due to threats and at times the alarm can signal at no threat. An example is when the man or woman securing the area between the compartments makes the movement, as the train is moving; the alarm interprets that as a threat to the security in the area. As a result, it sends the signal that results to the siren of the alarm for detection of a problem (Ostrowski, 2008, pp. 749). When a threat is identified by the alarm control system, the colors of the LED change in accordance to the threat detected. At normal cases, the led color is always green. When a threat is detected, the color automatically changes to red thus a signal being sent for threat detection. Further, the sound is displayed to the connected areas which include the security office and Equipment and material 1. Ramp 2. spring, 3. k-ring, 4. piston valve, 5. operating bars 6. + And – cables (The cables are used to connect terminals to the others and other.) 7. Piston 8. washer, 9. pressure pieces 10. O-rings 11. Covers 12. protection caps 13. Arduino alarm 14. MEGA 2560, 15. a small buzzer, 16. a breadboard, 17. 3 LEDs (1 red LED and 2 green LEDs) 18. Sensors (that include the motion sensor, shock, and glass break sensor) Procedures Construction It all begun with the assembly of the equipment required. They include MEGA 2560, a small buzzer, a breadboard, 3 LEDs (1 red LED and 2 green LEDs), sensors that include the motion sensor, shock, and glass break sensor and heavy load sensor along sides a button that can be used to switch off the alarm signaling. Assembly of the Phi-1 shield The Phi-1 shield played several roles in the alarm system. It was responsible for the 16X2 LCD display character, optional buzzer, and LED to replace the RJ11 ports as well as ETPAS security. Requirements: Character LCD, real time clock, LED, Speaker, CR2032 COIN BATTERY, Buttons, and Male pin headers, female pin headers, 32.788 kHz crystal, as well as the 10KOhm Trimpot. Besides, the 8-pin DIP sockets and the RJ11 jacks are required also for the creation of the alarm system. The image to the apparatus is as shown in appendix 1. Assembling of the apparatus. On the assembling of the LCD, from 0, one was to jump to 7, from 1 to 6 then Liquid Crystal LCD which is LCD9, 9, 7, 2, 4, 6) were used in the initialization of the display. The RJ11 was then used in connection with the use of the Phi-1 connector band, Phi-1 connector board, Phi-1 relay board, Phi-1 Photogate connector board, Phi-1 connector board (small), and then the Phi-1 stereo connector board. A basic soldering iron was needed before the assembly of the apparatus. In the purchase of the soldering iron, the 0.032 diameter solder was the recommended one with the inclusion of the run out fast of the solder that was later attached to the soldering iron. The Buzzer was then used as the alarm since it had several mono-tunes. The LED in the case was used as the indicator without the RJ11 ports offering the robust connections to the outer sensors as well as the controls which included all the sensors in the system (McKenna, 2016, pp. 245). It followed assembly of the male headers as shown in Appendices 2. The male headers were broken into one 8-row and 5 6-row headers among the rows of 40. The female header were then broken into one 16-row, two 2-row and two 7-row headers from the 40 rows also in the appendices. Another 8 row were broken from the female header from the other 40 row. The front side was identified with use of the LCD outlines, which was symbolized by the rectangle in the LCD. The female header was used for the analog and the digital pins which were symbolized and identified for their yellow rectangle. A masking tape was used as a way of securing the female header in place. Besides, wrapping of the tape around the female tape was done to secure the female header also. One line was then soldered to the board as a way of securing the solder. Then the tape was then fixed in a position to be removed in order to access the remaining pins in the LCD. The female header (optional) outsources the 3.3 v other than other pins in the system. It, therefore, followed the male header, which was located next to the female header and was symbolized by red rectangles. Pin 0 and 1 were left out first. No male pin was to be put in the blue triangle. The female headers were then taped on the board and the solder too to the board. Two 2-row female headers were placed with one on the top left and the other on the right side of the board. All buttons were then pushed in then followed with pressing of the solder. The tip of the iron was stuck in between the prone as well as the solder pads. This was aimed at quick heating of the parts. The GPS connector was taped with a space being left for solder the GPS inside. After soldering in, the tape was removed and a great care ensured when soldering. This was to ensure the plastic was not melted or the connections short. A six-pin female header was then soldered next to the GPS connector thereafter. The potentiometer was trimmed and the tape used to secure it. The testing of the functioning of the Phi-1 shield (McKenna, 2016, pp. 243). Programming. The Phi-1 had to be programmed before the setup in the programming of the system for the alarm, the Arduino software in correspondence to the Phi-1 prepared above was also necessary. The software was needed to enable matching of the programming codes and commands. The programming involved commanding the alarm to respond to the programmed features as the instructor. The programming was for the alarm to the siren on motion, heavy load and glass break in the space between compartments of the trains in the Australia. This was then a form of a new project to the success of creating and installing the electric passenger train alarm system. Millis, integers and the libraries needed in programming were first defined before programming starts (Ostrowski, 2008, pp. 750). It eased the understanding and responding to the signals sent through it. Notes on the buzzer were needed in the programming. Void setup programming. In the voice setup programming, we had definitions of both the inputs and outputs being highlighted. The definition eased the interpretation of the system to the data delivered to it within the threat detection process (Egami, 2011, pp. 187). These inputs and outputs were basically meant for buttons, the touch sensor to anything within the space between the train compartments as well as the LEDs. The inputs and outputs defined gave to the control panel the expected inputs and what output were to be displayed from the in response to the threat detected. Programming the loop void. The void loop was a necessary program to be made for the system to work. The program was made to check whether the sensors had been activated for functioning. A statement was then formulated that acted as a command to the program. An example was when the program was commanded on. If the glass break sound was HIGH, therefore, it was an implication that the sensor had been activated. It, therefore, did set the variables "glass break Toggle" to 1as well as setting three Millis variables which had a difference of 2000 Millis. The role of the Millis was to make a delay between the LEDs’. This was to be done without the use of the built in delay functioning that was in the Arduino. It is because the void loop programming basically would be stopped when the built in delay function was included. Programming of void loop Pt2. When the sensors were activated, the switch case function was then used to make decisions on what happens in the control panel. The function also was used to check on the variable “glass break Toggle” as well as what the toggle was set to at the moment. In the case 1, the Toggle was used to check on the available variables of Millis. It then turned on the LED’s when there is less Millis as compared to the previous Millis value. After activating all the LEDs, the buzzer also got powered on thus a continuous buzzing sound started alarming minutes until an interruption was made. Final. The final step in preparation and installation of the train alarm system was ensuring the system was continuously running. The system was then in a position installed in the train to ensure that the sensor ensures security between the compartments of the electric train. This was to ensure that the man or woman securing the areas between the compartments is not at risks and was also to detect the presence of anything heavy that could affect the railroad of the train. Results analysis How the system works The alarm has a detector that is meant to sense any threat in the area between each compartment. The sensors attached to the alarm system are numerous for maximum detection of threats in between the compartments. Each sensor has its independent role depending with what to sense. Besides, the sensors are easy to install and connect to the alarm. Sensor to a motion. The motion sensor is meant to detect any motion in between the compartment. The motions probably are from people moving from one compartment as the train is in motion. These passengers could be of threat to the woman or man standing in between the compartments. The result is the prohibition of movement from a compartment to the other as the train is in motion. Shock and glass break sensor. The sensor is meant to detect any force impacted on the walls of the compartments as well as the doors connecting two compartments. The shock detector detects any person forcing the way through the doors. The glass break detector detects any damage on the window glass and door glass at the side of the space in between the compartments. The glass break senses the sounds of a broken glass thus sending a signal to the alarm, which then starts to signal danger to the management in the train (Egami, 2011, pp. 203). Heavy load detector. The heavy load detectors are attached to the alarm in between the compartments. It detects any load that is heavy and can lead to the destruction of the railroads. These loads could be a threat to the railroads used by electric trains for passenger transportation. The threats could be of tragic results if not controlled. As a result of the access of intruders to the space between the compartments, the electric currents running the train can catch the threat present in the space between the compartments due to heavy loads. Use of the alarm Determiner. The alarm system has a control system that is the controller of everything in the system. The control panel has the mandate to make decisions through processing of the information received from several sensors. It then further responds to the signal or detection respectively. In the train, the space in between the compartments is secured by either a man or a woman, who is meant to ensure there is no threat to the railroad. Movements in the space are prohibited when the train is in motion. Therefore, anyone entering into the area poses a threat to the man or woman guarding the area (McKenna, 2016, pp. 265). The alarm detects when there is a struggle for entry into the doors to space in between the compartments. When a passenger struggles with the doors to open, the detector senses through interpretation of the sounds produced by the door as well as from the sensation of the harsh touch to the door. It sends the signal to the alarm monitoring center. The alarm control panel then perceives the signals passed to it. When there are no threats, the color at the panel is normally green. After a threat is detected, the light turns red. As a result, a signal is sent that triggers the audibility of the alarm. The management in the train is the first to receive the signal. The respective measures are taken upon the signal. In each compartment, there is a detector, with a control panel that is linked with the cabin. At the cabin, the signals are received based on the compartment or space between the compartments where the signal has been detected. This is therefore effective for narrowing down to the search and identification of the areas of threat. The signal is yet to show negativities of setting an alarm at no risk (McKenna, 2016, pp. 277). The system panel of the alarm has constructed in communicators that give and receive signals through lines of phones. The signals are therefore sent to the central alarm monitor. Here the dispatcher system of alarm on the monitor that is trained is signaled. When the alarm is triggered, the dispatcher contacts the management as a way of verifying the situation of the emergency. Where necessary, since the dispatcher is linked to the electrical department in the nation, it can signal the police also. It all depends on the kind of threat found and how manageable the problem is for the dispatcher to communicate to the police. Results discussion From the procedure in the experiment, it was a result that the system light was green when the system was normal. On the presence of a danger or threat in the space between the compartments, a process is followed by the system that results in the red light getting on. After the red light is on, a signal is sent that leads to the production of a continuous sound that only goes off after the interruption. Sensor to the motion. The motion sensor is meant to detect any motion in between the compartment. The motions probably are from people moving from one compartment as the train is in motion. These passengers could be of threat to the woman or man standing in between the compartments. The result is the prohibition of movement from a compartment to the other as the train is in motion. Shock and glass break sensor. The sensor is meant to detect any force impacted on the walls of the compartments as well as the doors connecting two compartments. The shock detector detects any person forcing the way through the doors. The glass break detector detects any damage on the window glass and door glass at the side of the space in between the compartments (Egami, 2011, pp. 189). The glass break senses the sounds of a broken glass thus sending a signal to the alarm, which then starts to signal danger to the management in the train. Heavy load detector. The heavy load detectors are attached to the alarm in between the compartments. It detects any load that is heavy and can lead to the destruction of the railroads. These loads could be a threat to the railroads used by electric trains for passenger transportation. The threats could be of tragic results if not controlled. As a result of the access of intruders to the space between the compartments, the electric currents running the train can catch short. Conditions that may result in activating an alarm. The alarm responds to motion, heavy loads, and glass break. In the space between the compartments is a man or a woman guard in position for security purposes. Since the securities are human beings, they are probably to make movements in their position. As a result, the alarm can sent signals and give a siren while there is no threat to the securities. The problem is yet to have its response found thus no modification has been made to cater for alarm signaling at no threat. The train alarm works when the train is in motion. Therefore, the train compartments are not secure when the train is not in motion (Ostrowski, 2008, pp. 747). Threats as the train are not in motion are the daily reporting’s in the nation where gangsters rob from the passengers before the train takes off. Additionally, the heavy loads are a challenge to be identified since it could be from the broken parts of the train or from the securities. It is not necessary that the heavy loads detect risk in the areas. Further, the train’s windows and doors could be shaken and glasses broke as a result of the harsh railroads the train is using. The glass breakage has been a common occurrence to the trains in Australis. After the glass break, the glass breaks, a signal, as explained before, sends a signal through all the related sections of the alarm and the alarm sends a siren to alert on danger. Testing of an assembled shield. The assembled shields are tested whether the project has been a success. A visual inspection is first carried out to ensure there are no short circuits in the electric passenger train alarm system. Egami (2011, pp. 190) contents that the Phi-1 shield is then connected to the Arduino before the Arduino is plugged into power. Then power is supplied to the Arduino later on. If the computer does not recognize the Arduino, then it is an implication that the system has a short in it leading to discontinuity of power supply in the system. Also, the short draws much more current thus leading to the tripping of the resettable fused find on the Arduino. A second check is carried out again. The surplus soldiers are removed from the system with the use of the RadioShack (solder wick) or the solder sucker which ensures the removal of the excessive soldiers does not negatively impact the alarm system. After the Arduino has to power up, the test program is loaded from the list codes that had been set during programming (Egami, 2011, pp. 193). Challenges in the report creation. Collection of appropriate data to help guide make the train alarm system has been a challenge. There is insufficient and unreliable data in the libraries as well as in the internet platforms on the creation of alarms. Therefore, the collection of the respective information to use in the project forced a lot of experimentation to ensure the success of the project. Additionally, the collection of material was a problem where the equipment had to be looked for in numerous areas. Inadequate facilities for the report’s success were a challenge that triggered the research. Conclusion In conclusion to the report, the space between the electric train compartments needs to be secured. Presence of heavy materials in the space can result in interruption of the functioning of the train. Additionally, the man and woman securing between the compartments. Therefore, the alarm is to be the appropriate security device that could be used to ensure the area is secure. There are challenges that were faced in the project. They included siren of the alarm on motion of the securities in the space between the train compartments. Also, there were some threats to the train travel that are probable to happen and the alarm sensors are not fixed to detect the threats. Additionally, there are threats of lack of security to the train compartments as well as the space in between the space between the compartments. The risk is brought about by the fact that the alarm is inactive when the train is not in motion. Therefore, damage could be done to the electric train and the management takes long to realize. Recommendation It is a recommendation that a strict rule is set to restrict entry of passengers to the space between the compartments in the electric trains. Also, the alarm should be set to operate when the train is in motion and while at rest. This will lead to the provision of continuous security in train travels. The alarm should not only detect motion, glass break, and heavy loads but also detect the presence of illegal devices among the passengers. A scan should be made and connected to the alarm control system. The scan is required for scanning the passengers, without their awareness for any arms and illegal materials in their luggage, baggage and in pockets. Additionally, availability of the requirements should be checked on where the apparatus is to be ordered prior to the commencement of the project as well a planning for the project on finance and timeline. References Egami, N., Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha, 2011. Train detection apparatus, train-location detection system and train-approach-alarm generating apparatus. U.S. Patent 6,290,187-205. McKenna, L., Mckenna and Lou, 2016. Emergency vehicle alarm system for vehicles. U.S. Patent 5,495,243-290 Ostrowski, L.J., 2008. Train-alarm system. U.S. Patent 1,286,743-750. Appendices. Appendices 1. 2 . 3. The assembled shield of the GPS CONNECTOR AND RJ11 Appendices 4. The borrom side of the PCB 5. 6. 7. Read More

Findings The alarm system is controlled manually by the pilot vent valve. Mechanical force is required for the functioning of the alarm created. From the setup of the experiment, the alarm has been set to detect heavy loads in the space in between the compartments of the train. It is also meant to detect motion in the space when the train is in motion as well as glass break in the walls of the space. The setup shows that there are more than the stated threats in the space between the compartments.

The functioning of the alarm can be signaling due to threats and at times the alarm can signal at no threat. An example is when the man or woman securing the area between the compartments makes the movement, as the train is moving; the alarm interprets that as a threat to the security in the area. As a result, it sends the signal that results to the siren of the alarm for detection of a problem (Ostrowski, 2008, pp. 749). When a threat is identified by the alarm control system, the colors of the LED change in accordance to the threat detected.

At normal cases, the led color is always green. When a threat is detected, the color automatically changes to red thus a signal being sent for threat detection. Further, the sound is displayed to the connected areas which include the security office and Equipment and material 1. Ramp 2. spring, 3. k-ring, 4. piston valve, 5. operating bars 6. + And – cables (The cables are used to connect terminals to the others and other.) 7. Piston 8. washer, 9. pressure pieces 10. O-rings 11. Covers 12.

protection caps 13. Arduino alarm 14. MEGA 2560, 15. a small buzzer, 16. a breadboard, 17. 3 LEDs (1 red LED and 2 green LEDs) 18. Sensors (that include the motion sensor, shock, and glass break sensor) Procedures Construction It all begun with the assembly of the equipment required. They include MEGA 2560, a small buzzer, a breadboard, 3 LEDs (1 red LED and 2 green LEDs), sensors that include the motion sensor, shock, and glass break sensor and heavy load sensor along sides a button that can be used to switch off the alarm signaling.

Assembly of the Phi-1 shield The Phi-1 shield played several roles in the alarm system. It was responsible for the 16X2 LCD display character, optional buzzer, and LED to replace the RJ11 ports as well as ETPAS security. Requirements: Character LCD, real time clock, LED, Speaker, CR2032 COIN BATTERY, Buttons, and Male pin headers, female pin headers, 32.788 kHz crystal, as well as the 10KOhm Trimpot. Besides, the 8-pin DIP sockets and the RJ11 jacks are required also for the creation of the alarm system.

The image to the apparatus is as shown in appendix 1. Assembling of the apparatus. On the assembling of the LCD, from 0, one was to jump to 7, from 1 to 6 then Liquid Crystal LCD which is LCD9, 9, 7, 2, 4, 6) were used in the initialization of the display. The RJ11 was then used in connection with the use of the Phi-1 connector band, Phi-1 connector board, Phi-1 relay board, Phi-1 Photogate connector board, Phi-1 connector board (small), and then the Phi-1 stereo connector board. A basic soldering iron was needed before the assembly of the apparatus.

In the purchase of the soldering iron, the 0.032 diameter solder was the recommended one with the inclusion of the run out fast of the solder that was later attached to the soldering iron. The Buzzer was then used as the alarm since it had several mono-tunes. The LED in the case was used as the indicator without the RJ11 ports offering the robust connections to the outer sensors as well as the controls which included all the sensors in the system (McKenna, 2016, pp. 245). It followed assembly of the male headers as shown in Appendices 2.

The male headers were broken into one 8-row and 5 6-row headers among the rows of 40. The female header were then broken into one 16-row, two 2-row and two 7-row headers from the 40 rows also in the appendices. Another 8 row were broken from the female header from the other 40 row. The front side was identified with use of the LCD outlines, which was symbolized by the rectangle in the LCD.

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