Traffic Junction Alarm System - Coursework Example

Running head: Problem Solving for Engineers Traffic junction alarm system Student’s Name College Instructor’s Name Course Name: Executive Summary The aim of paper was to investigate and design a traffic junction’s alarm system that will reduce accidents by producing necessary sounds when a wrong move is made by a road user. The report has detailed traffic junction’s alarm system components as well as designed of a digital circuit. In this project, we designed a warning system for the road users using LED lights and sound as warning indicators. This was be achieved using a movement detectors as well as accident sensor and a DLP-IO8-G USB data acquisition card to interface our output LED with our inputs using C program code Table of Contents Executive Summary 2 Introduction 4 Project Description 4 Results/Discussion 6 Traffic junction’s alarm system 7 Final circuit diagram 8 Logic Function 9 Circuit Explanation and Observations 10 Testing 11 Conclusion 12 References 14 Introduction Our objective for this project was to create a traffic junction’s alarm system that warns road users when to cross the junction and when not to cross. Traffic junction’s alarm system of this nature is critical to the safety of a junction for all, as rising wrong decisions to cross can cause catastrophic accidents. This warning system was designed to turn on a warning sound for drivers and pedestrians when 3 minutes is achieved, using the Delco Map time sensors. The alarms makes a sound of a man when it is time for pedestrians to cross and bell warning sound for drivers time. But all this is consisted with traffic junction signals. During some of concepts applied were Truth input tables, Binary number systems, Logic gates, for e.g. AND gates, OR gates and NOT gates. Project Description Traffic junction’s alarm system will be installed together with signal lights at traffic signal junctions for traffic and pedestrians to cross the junctions safely. This alerts the drivers and pedestrians by a loud sound when one or both of them make a wrong moves. This leads to avoidance of serious accidents. It senses when one is making a wrong move. Our circuit was setup as shown in figure 1 below. This circuit was connected via USB to a computer, on which we programmed the code using Pelles C to control when the warning lights were made to turn on. Figure 1: Block Diagram Of traffic unit The operational inputs for traffic junction’s alarm system are as follows: An alarm will sound if any of the road user makes a wrong move The bell sound for driver’s time to use the road and a man sound for pedestrians turn to cross the road. The warning sound should go on when the green light for either user is required to use. For ease of lab demonstration, in our project we programmed the sensor to turn on when three minutes have passed for pedestrians to use the road. DAQ Card Properties The input voltage range of the DAQ card is -0.3 V to +5.3 V. The card also has a sink/source current of 25mA. Therefore the DAQ card produces enough voltage, but the sink/source currents are too low for the input sensors, thus needing an external power supply. This isn’t a problem for the LED lights, as they draw little current, so these can be connected directly to the DAQ card with no external power. The DAQ also has analog and digital inputs, which we need analog for the sensors, and digital outputs of 1-bit, which is fine for turning the LEDs on and off. Control/Actuator Element The output responses are two LED lights, one yellow and one red. One LED assigned to each input sensor. These are controlled by a digital output from the DLP as a result of the wrong move from a road user red) or green for safe road usage (yellow) Results/Discussion Our first attempt at running the program we wrote failed, as we had a problem with our power supply. After getting this fixed, the circuit was functioning correctly but the program was not. We found that exiting Pelles C and rebooting our program fixed these problems, and our sensor lights and sound turned on and off when they were supposed to. The effectiveness regarding the proposed traffic junction’s alarm system is established through applying the method to both the simulated signals as well as the realistic movement detection signals generally under many different conditions. As such, the results do show that such a traffic junction’s alarm system can be an effective system that can be used to determine the condition of any flow of traffic. Significantly, it is vital to consider having the knowledge concerning the fault detection in the alarm. In addition, it is important to consider the vital areas like the reliability as well as the safety and safety technicality of the alarm is guaranteed. Furthermore, the trend checking processes are usually associated with various harmonic as well as the stochastic models like the Fourier analysis wavelets as well as correlation techniques are performed. Following this process, movement detection occurs with similar models while considering the relationship that does exist between signals like the parameter estimation, observers, component analysis and parity equations. As a way of facilitating, the detection regarding the wrong moves by road users normally a movement at the wrong time is sensed by a sensor and is converted to strong electrical signals are converted into digital signals and pre-conditioned response is given in form of sound. Considering the preconditioning, the signals are normally comprised of processes like of anti-alias filtering as well a pre-amplifying. Ultimately, the collected information is then recorded into a known memory for future reference and can be used for other calculations. As a matter of fact, there are present inventions that have been utilized when it comes to sensing movements hence calculating particular sets of parameters regarding the direction of movement. Traffic junction’s alarm system The traffic junction’s alarm system will have sensors, and can only be activated or deactivated by motion detectors as well lapse of time. The traffic junction’s alarm system consist of motion detectors, speakers that can create a variety of sounds and digital clock Nowadays, car alarm systems are much more sophisticated as well as a computer control unit that monitors everything. Figure 2: Auto Intensity Control of Street Lights Project The traffic junction’s alarm system will use On and off circuit system thus relying on continuous flow of power which is also activates the red, green and yellow lights. Meaning the alarm will go off whenever a wrong move is made. In a closed system, the sensor is used to block off the electrical current, meaning the alarm will go off whenever the current is able to flow through the circuit. But it will also have speakers has got a control box with its own power source which is connected to all circuit connections as well as the alarm. Once the alarm sound is on, it can only be turned off by making a correctional measure is made or the user leaves the vicinity of the motion detectors. Final circuit diagram Figure 3: Final circuit diagram Truth table A B C D P W S PO A S 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 Logic Function The logic function is determined by the following formula; C=A’B The logic function shows the possible inputs that are required to produce the current output. Figure 4: circuit diagram Circuit Explanation and Observations When there is no movement is in wrong direction, the sensors do not sense thus V1 = 0 and the LED is off and there is no current. This means the emitter is zero; therefore, there will be no current that will flow when the LED is off. This means there will be no warning is made. If wrong move is made the sensor will sense and a flow of current passing through the resistor and the voltage made activating the alarm to sound a warning, because the amount of current that passes through volts as the circuit. Just after the switch is closed, the potential difference across the resistor is equal to the emf since the battery is uncharged. Initially, a relatively large current 10 =E R/ flows. As the voltage drop across the battery increases, the voltage drop across the resistor decreases, and thus the current decreases. Long after the switch is closed, the potential difference across the battery is nearly equal to the current is small (Holdsworth, 2000). In the figure the battery is first charged to a voltage by closing switch S1 with switch S2 open. Once the battery is fully charged, S1 is opened and then S2 is closed at t=0. The battery supplies energy in the circuit, though not at a constant potential difference, As the potential difference between the plates causes the current to flow, the battery discharges. The loop rule requires that the voltages across the battery and resistor be equal in magnitude. As the battery discharges, the voltage across it decreases. A decreasing voltage across the resistor means that the current must be decreasing. The current as a function of time is the same as for the charging circuit, with time constant t=RC. The voltage across the battery begins at the maximum value E and decreases exponentially (Giambattista, Richardson and Richardson, 2007). In all cases, LED starts lighting up when V1 reach about 1 Volt, when below 0.9V it is switched off. Testing The alarm was then tested in the laboratory under the supervision of our lecturer.The final construction is shown in figure 2 below, with the yellow temperature warning light illuminated. Fig. 2: Our completed circuit Conclusion We successfully designed a basic traffic junction’s alarm system in this project. Along the way we encountered many problems, learning that programming code must be perfect (or at least near perfect) to run properly. We also found that our laboratory sensors don’t have the ranges necessary to be implemented in a real life traffic junction’s alarm system, as the operating ranges of our sensors generally didn’t lie within the values that should set a warning off. Obviously more heavy duty equipment with greater ranges would be used in the traffic junction’s alarm system. This led to creation of a effective traffic junction’s alarm system that will help road user to be alerted when to cross and when the vehicles should move. References Agarwal, Tarun, 2014. PIC Microcontroller Projects for Final Year Engineering Students. Crowe, J. & Hayes-Gill, B. 1998. Introduction to Digital Electronics. London: Butterworth-Heinemann. Giambattista, A., Richardson B. & Richardson R, 2007.College Physics. Boston: McGraw Hill Holdsworth, B., 2000. Digital Logic Design. London: Doctronics Educational Publishing for Design & Technology Iyyappan, S. & Nandagopal, V., 2013. Automatic Accident Detection and Ambulance Rescue With Intelligent Traffic Light System, International Journal of Advanced Research in Electrical, Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering Mondie, S. 2005.System, Structure And Control. Oxford: Elsevier-IFAC. Nilsson, J. & Riedel, S., 2010. Electric Circuits. New York: Prentice Hall Shah, LS & MacGregor, FJ., 2005.Dynamics and Control of Process Systems. Oxford: Elsevier Smith, KC & Sedra AS. 2009. Microelectronic Circuits. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Read More

Control/Actuator Element The output responses are two LED lights, one yellow and one red. One LED assigned to each input sensor. These are controlled by a digital output from the DLP as a result of the wrong move from a road user red) or green for safe road usage (yellow) Results/Discussion Our first attempt at running the program we wrote failed, as we had a problem with our power supply. After getting this fixed, the circuit was functioning correctly but the program was not. We found that exiting Pelles C and rebooting our program fixed these problems, and our sensor lights and sound turned on and off when they were supposed to.

The effectiveness regarding the proposed traffic junction’s alarm system is established through applying the method to both the simulated signals as well as the realistic movement detection signals generally under many different conditions. As such, the results do show that such a traffic junction’s alarm system can be an effective system that can be used to determine the condition of any flow of traffic. Significantly, it is vital to consider having the knowledge concerning the fault detection in the alarm.

In addition, it is important to consider the vital areas like the reliability as well as the safety and safety technicality of the alarm is guaranteed. Furthermore, the trend checking processes are usually associated with various harmonic as well as the stochastic models like the Fourier analysis wavelets as well as correlation techniques are performed. Following this process, movement detection occurs with similar models while considering the relationship that does exist between signals like the parameter estimation, observers, component analysis and parity equations.

As a way of facilitating, the detection regarding the wrong moves by road users normally a movement at the wrong time is sensed by a sensor and is converted to strong electrical signals are converted into digital signals and pre-conditioned response is given in form of sound. Considering the preconditioning, the signals are normally comprised of processes like of anti-alias filtering as well a pre-amplifying. Ultimately, the collected information is then recorded into a known memory for future reference and can be used for other calculations.

As a matter of fact, there are present inventions that have been utilized when it comes to sensing movements hence calculating particular sets of parameters regarding the direction of movement. Traffic junction’s alarm system The traffic junction’s alarm system will have sensors, and can only be activated or deactivated by motion detectors as well lapse of time. The traffic junction’s alarm system consist of motion detectors, speakers that can create a variety of sounds and digital clock Nowadays, car alarm systems are much more sophisticated as well as a computer control unit that monitors everything.

Figure 2: Auto Intensity Control of Street Lights Project The traffic junction’s alarm system will use On and off circuit system thus relying on continuous flow of power which is also activates the red, green and yellow lights. Meaning the alarm will go off whenever a wrong move is made. In a closed system, the sensor is used to block off the electrical current, meaning the alarm will go off whenever the current is able to flow through the circuit. But it will also have speakers has got a control box with its own power source which is connected to all circuit connections as well as the alarm.

Once the alarm sound is on, it can only be turned off by making a correctional measure is made or the user leaves the vicinity of the motion detectors. Final circuit diagram Figure 3: Final circuit diagram Truth table A B C D P W S PO A S 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 Logic Function The logic function is determined by the following formula; C=A’B The logic function shows the possible inputs that are required to produce the current output.

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