Door Lock System by using the Motion Sensor - Report Example

Door Lock System by using the Motion Sensor With an automated door lock system becoming very common, this project involves an understanding of how the sensor base automated door system works. It involves designing a system and using a microcontroller to program it. The aims and objectives of the project included detecting motion, sending output signal from the controller to motor, making a prototype of the system, creating an understanding of how a motion sensor works, as well as learning how to program a microcontroller. Introduction It is indispensable that the evolution of the world has been accompanied with various technological developments to the extent that the world can longer do without them. There is always increasing need to make various changes to keep abreast with the demand of the society. As far as electronics is concerned, these developments are not disputable. The changing times have seen new materials discovered, and the application of such material to change the outlook of the environment has been enormous, needless to mention improved locking system of the door, safety and performance for sustainable development. One pivotal area that technology has found a lot of applicability is that pertaining to application of sensors in electronics. Modern doors lock system consisting of an array of electronic components including sensors, is designed such that it can sense, decide and act accordingly (Arkalgud, 2005). In this regard, sensors, as used in this context, refer to security system components whose function is to perform the sense function (Ashby, 2009). The common sensors often used in security systems include the door and window contacts, the Motion Sensors, Glass Break Sensors, shock sensors and the environmental sensors (Ashby, 2009). A window or door contact is a type of switch that has the ability of indicating opening the window or door. More often than not, a switch is mounted on a window or door and then held tightly by some magnet attached either to the window or door frame (Mayr, 2009). Whenever, the window or door moves way from a magnet, the switch is meant to open (Mayr, 2009). In this case, an alarm control panel is informed on whether the contact is shut or open keeping track of the windows and doors. The glass break sensor, on the other hand, can be used to protect large spaces with many fixed windows (Stuart, 2007). It operates by constantly listening to the sounds of breaking glass and then indicates the forced entry. In case a glass breaks, the sensor detects the given sound pattern that is caused by shattering of glass and sends the electronic signal onto the alarm control panel. Motion sensors or space detector are designed in such a way that they can sense an individual moving in a room (Stuart, 2007). A widely cited, the best motion sensors utilize two technologies in verifying movement. These are the microwave and the passive infrared (PIR) (Stuart, 2007). The microwave detector detects movement, while the passive infrared (PIR) component senses heat. With the ability to recognize both movement and heat, the detector can send an electronic signal to an alarm panel (Skinner, 1999). Motion detectors are widely used in most modern day security system given their advantage of protecting a large area using one sensor (Skinner, 1999). They are, therefore, the logical choice in spaces that intruders can easily access from various directions. Motion sensors have found their application in automated door lock system, which are quite common in the modern companies and homes (Peter, 2006). The most notable ones are the revolving automated doors, which have been noted to have an advantage of conserving energy. This project deals with application of a motion sensor with a view to provide an understanding of how the motion sensor-based automated door system works. It entails designing a system using a microcontroller to program it. Aims of the Project This project aims are: Detecting motion Sending output signal from the controller to motor Making a prototype of the system Objectives of the Project There are a number of objectives for this project. Key among them are Creating an understanding of how a motion sensor works Learning how to program a microcontroller Project Deliverables With a view to meet the above outlined project objectives, there are various products, as well as service that this project shall employ. Most notable are the software, which is the driving factor of the project, the hardware, which are the key project implementers, as well as the user manual, which is essential for running the project. The Hardware In this project the hardware is constituted by sensors, curved picture frames, old shelf planks, milling tool, glass frames, wood, aesthetic walls, Perspex sheet, compound mixtures, a toy cogwheel among others. In this regard, the consideration of the parts labeled above was based on the fact that they were readily available and relatively cheap to acquire. Moreover, the choice of the hardware was based on the idea that each of the parts has a unique function thus would be used for its intended purpose. For instance, curved glass wall and glass frame, which constitutes the hardware of this project serve the purpose of encasing the door and has various advantages. As widely cited curved glass wall and glass frame are appropriate for providing privacy and add light and some sense of open space. Research indicate that commercial and residential buildings impress them considering that they their beauty and usability. Curved glass frame and glass frames are made from hollow glass blocks and sheet glass. More often than not, sheets of glass are often fixed in a framework of metal numbers or wooden numbers that divide panels. In this context, glass frame constitute a series of toughened glass panels suspended and slided on the robust aluminum ceiling track. This system does not necessarily require using floor guide that allow uninterrupted and easy operation. Moreover, glass frames can be used in adding light into the interior of the building alongside privacy. It is non-structured and it is made of bent, and light weight curved materials of glass. Research shows that when used in making the door it does not carry dead load weight from the given door or building other than its dead load weight. It can, as well transfer the horizontal wind load incident on it onto the main door through connections at columns of the entire building. It is designed such that it can resist water, as well as air penetration, seismic forces that act on the door, sway that can be induced by wind, and its dead load weight forces. There advantage of being able to be used with extruded aluminum members is a great boost to this project. By and large, the aluminum frame used in the curved glass is unfilled with glass providing some architectural benefits. However, there are parameters that are associated with solar gain such as visual and thermal comfort, which seemingly are somewhat more difficult to alter when using the curved glass. Last but not least, the curved glass is characterized by stone veneer, operable windows, louvers and metal panels. However, curved glass differ somewhat from store- front systems given that they are designed to have different requirements for cost-effective heating, lighting and cooling in the building. In order to make sure motion of the door is detected, and signals are send out from a controller to the motor, the system requires a robust software. The key software as far as this project is concerned is that used by the sensors. In the context of this project, sensors used in this project shall be performing the sense function. The key sensor in this case is the motion sensor. The supporting sensors include the door and window contacts, Glass Break Sensors, shock sensors and other environmental sensors. A door contact detector is important given that it contains a switch useful in indicating opening of door. In this case, this switch shall be mounted on the revolving door and held tightly by a magnet attached on the door frame. As the door moves way from a magnet, the switch is made to open. Following this, an alarm control panel becomes informed on whether the contact is shut or open keeping track of the windows and doors. The use of the glass break sensor, on the other hand, is based on the fact that the sensor operates by constantly listening to the sounds of breaking glass and then indicates the forced entry. In case a glass breaks, the sensor detects the given sound pattern that is caused by shattering of glass and sends the electronic signal onto the alarm control panel. The key sensor as enlisted above is the motion sensor. A motion sensor is designed in such a way that it can sense an individual moving in a room. Its ability to verify movement is based upon the microwave and the passive infrared (PIR) that it is made up of. In this case, the microwave detector detects movement, while the passive infrared (PIR) component senses heat. Because of this, the motion sensor can recognize both movement and heat, and then send an electronic signal to an alarm panel. Other hardware materials as listed above include curved glass walls chosen for purposes of encasing the door, curved picture frame chosen basing on the fact that they were readily available, old shelf planks, glass picture frames for constructing aesthetic side walls, Perspex sheet for gluing it with two compound mixture to a pivot, and a toy cogwheel on the topside of the pivot. Software The usefulness of the hardware entirely depends on the software. Arrays of sensors that operate the revolving door are based on the installed programs. Various programs for implementing the project are based on programs installed in the microprocessor based permanently programmable ROME. The Technical Approach Proposed and Used The road map to achieving the objectives of this project was not only captivating but also self motivating. The researcher had to visit various sites of door manufactures with a view to learn how they had built their doors and with a view to get abreast with different revolving doors designs. The next step was to explore the requirements of the project including the hardware, the circuit, as well as the software. In order to come up with the materials that deemed appropriate for the project, there was need to consider various factors. These included the availability of the material, their pricing, their durability, their suitability in withstanding environmental conditions and varying temperature conditions, as well as how often they have been used for the same purpose. Given that sensors were vital components for this project, there was need to explore the principle of operation of various sensors available on the market. This was done considering that the revolving door required safety and security system. However, the focus was on the motion sensor, which according to the research, it was a key components as far as the operation of the door was concerned. Notably, it was essential to make sure the door operates automatically. This, therefore, necessitated the need to have an appropriate program that can help provide commands to various hardware constituted in this system. A program was, thus written with strict adherence to the rules of making up a program. This way, there was a microprocessor with a permanently programmed Rome. The microprocessor as well contained the necessary peripherals along with digital to analogue converter circuitry connecting the microprocessor to the sensors and to the door. The implementation of program starts with the microprocessor giving commands in digital mode. This command is directed to the peripherals attached and through the I/O and then converted into the equivalent analogue signals to be implemented by other hardware materials attached. However, it is worth noting that this project has not been without technical problems. The most notable ones include time constraints and improve security with the principle of keyless access especially for the car. Technical Progress and results to date In meeting the set aims and objectives, this project has been taken through a series of processes. With a view to understand the operating principle of a revolving door and how the door can work such that when an individual approaches it with intensions of passing through it, it can open and close automatically, the researcher had to explore various sites to gather data on the revolving door. The most vital information was that the revolving door makes use of a motion sensor and the major advantage of the revolving door is its ability to conserve energy. As widely cited, its use in most buildings is based on the idea that its saves much of energy. For purposes of making sure the door can operate independently, the permanently programmable microprocessor has a robust program used to control the motion sensors along with other sensors upon which the door can work. Such robust programs that would help implement the activities of the revolving door are written below. Writing the programm for the arduino Program Code 1 // Pin 13 has an LED connected on most Arduino boards. // input test int led = 13; // led 13 int S1 = 22; int S1Val; // the setup routine runs once when you press reset: void setup() { // initialize the digital pin as an output. pinMode(led, OUTPUT); pinMode(S1, INPUT); } // the loop routine runs over and over again forever: void loop() { // read the value from the sensor: S1Val = digitalRead(S1); if (S1Val>0) {digitalWrite(led, HIGH); // turn the LED on by making the voltage HIGH delay(2000); // keep the led on for 2 secounds } else {digitalWrite(led, LOW); // turn the LED off by making the voltage LOW } } Program Code 2 // DC MOTOR TEST // DC MOTOR CONNECTED BLOCK B ON MOTORSHIELD int dirB = 13; // not used in this example int speedB = 11; // not used in this example int S1 = 22; // S22 Analoge sensor signal int S1Val; void setup() {pinMode (dirB, OUTPUT); pinMode (speedB, OUTPUT); pinMode (S1, INPUT); digitalWrite(S1, LOW); // turn on pullup resistors} void loop() {S1Val = digitalRead(S1); if (S1Val==1) { // START THE MOTO digitalWrite (dirB, HIGH); analogWrite (speedB, 255); S1Val = 0; } else { // STOP THE MOTOR digitalWrite (dirB, LOW); analogWrite (speedB, 0); } } With the programs in place, there was need to zero down on mechanically building up of the revolving door, along with its circuit design. The first step entailed building a model of the revolving door using readily available materials. This way, the curved picture frames served the purpose. Fig 1(a) and fig 1(b) are pictorial representation of curved picture frames used in this project. Fig 1 (a) Fig 1 (b) The next step entailed measuring the curvature of the glass frame alongside calculating the radius of the encasement as demonstrated in fig 1© and 1 (d). Fig 1 © fig 1(d) It was then that some old shelf planks from home were used to build the floor and ceiling. In order to have this done, the radius was marked out followed by cutting out slots in the planks with a milling tool purposely to make sure the glass frames could be fitted into the wood. This way, a total of four glass picture frames two for the door encasement and two for constructing aesthetic side walls were used as indicated in as demonstrated in fig (f) to fig (g) and figure (1). Figure 1 (f) figure 1 (f2) 1 (g1) figure 1 (g2) Figures 1 (i) The door was then constructed using 3mm Perspex sheet while gluing it with two compound mixtures to a central pivot. A toy cogwheel was then fitted on the topside of the pivot. as indicated in fig (k). Figures 1 (k) With this done and completed, the next step was to make sure the roof is prepared from another shelf board applying same process used in constructing the floor as shown in figures (m1), figure (m2), figure (m3), figure (m4) and figure (n). This provided the much needed allowance for the whole frame to be fixed inside the door, as well as assembling of the whole frame as indicated in figures (m) and figures (n) below. Figures (m1) figure (m2) Figure (m3) figure (m4) Figures 1 (n) Being sure of the prior completed steps, it was clear that door could now spin inside the encasement and the front of the model shows using the revolving door concept. It was then that the old lego motor was fitted to it in making the door to turn as shown in figures (o), and figure (p) below. Figures 1 (o) At last, it was certain that the door could easily be turned as can be shown in the figure (p) below. Fig (p) The next step was studying various types of motion sensor on the market how they can be applied in this case. Noting that there are different types of motion detectors, there was needs to consider the most appropriate on for this case. A balcony had to be build in front of the model with an intension of projecting an infrared beam from the ceiling to the floor so that it reflects towards the ceiling where another infrared sensor will sense the reflection. Hopefully via an electronic circuit it would be possible to create a switching circuit when the reflection is disturbed for example when someone attempts to go towards the door as shown in figures (Q) and figures ® below. Figures 1 (Q) figure ® Conclusion This project entails building up of the revolving door, along with its circuit design. First, the pragramme was assembled and burned permanently in a programmable ROME. This program was used to command the hardware to implement various processes. Second was building a model of the revolving door using readily available materials using the curved picture frames. The curvature of the glass frame was then measured while calculating the radius of the encasement as demonstrated. The old shelf planks from home were used to build the floor and ceiling. The radius was marked out followed by cutting out slots in the planks with a milling tool aiming making sure the glass frames could be fitted into the wood. The door was then constructed using 3mm Perspex sheet gluing it onto two compound mixtures to a central pivot. A toy cogwheel was fitted on the topside of the pivot. This was followed by making sure the roof is prepared from another shelf board applying through the same process used in constructing the floor. The whole frame was fixed inside the door while assembling the whole frame. This made it possible for the door to be spanned inside the encasement and the front of the model shown using the revolving door concept. The old lego motor was fitted with an intention to make the door to capable of turning. References Arkalgud , R., 2005.Switching Circuits and Boolean Algebra. New York: Oxford publishers Ashby, R., 2009. Talking Electronics, Transistors. London: Chapman & Hall press Mayr, O., 2009.Video motion detection (VMD). New York: Johns Hopkins University Press. Stuart, B., 2007. Mechanisms of visual motion. New York: Peregrinus press Skinner, B., 1999. HowStuffWorks.com "Motion Detection”. American Scientist, 45(4), 343-371 Peter, M.2006. Did It Move? Detecting Motion with PIR + Arduino. New York: Doubleday Read More