Instructional Leadership: Toward a Contextualised Knowledge Creation Model - Literature review Example

Introduction This paper evaluates 5 different peer empirical articles on instructional leadership research and will discuss each study based on different parameters. The different parameters which will be used have been identified as research question or problem, research purpose, research design, threats, validity and findings. Based on the different evaluation an article will be chosen and my own perspective with regard to the research question or problem, research purpose, research design, threats, validity and findings will; be carried out so that difference can be identified in the process which I choose and the process which has been used if any exist. This analysis will provide useful inputs and will help to improve the overall mechanism through which research is carried out by providing useful information in different directions. Artilce 1: Tan, C. 2012. Instructional leadership: toward a contextualised knowledge creation model. School Leadership & Management: Formerly School Organisation, 32 (2), 183 – 194 Retrieved from http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13632434.2011.614944?journalCode=cslm20#.VFChoVdiqgA Research Question: The research looks to present the question regarding the manner in which instructional leadership need to evolve so that students studying in schools are able to witness a positive change which gets reflected in the manner they carry out different operations. The research question proposes identifying the changes which is required in instructional leadership from the perspective of students and teachers so that students and teachers are equipped with better ways through which productive results can be achieved. Research Purpose: The purpose of the research is to make changes in the instructional leadership approach which is followed so that the process helps to provide new techniques and approaches which will help to control different activities and will thereby help to achieve change in outlook towards different processes. Research Design: The research aims to carry out the research in different schools and through wide endorsement aims towards looking at the manner in which students and teachers addresses those changes. The research also aims towards producing conceptualized knowledge creation so that better activities can be carried out. Threats: The paper hasn’t provided details regarding the different risk associated with the research and is silent with regard to it. Validity: The research being carried over a large number of schools will ensure validity as the findings which are received based on will provide similar results if tested again. This will also help to understand the different framework and mechanism through which research can ensure that the data is consistent and provides same results. Findings: The research helps to state that making changes in the instructional leadership approach is essential as it will thereby help to create a process of knowledge creation in the contextualized approach and will bring forward the manner in which the different changes will have a positive impact on the manner different decisions are taken. Article 2: Sofo, F., Fitzgerald, R. & Jawas, U. 2012. Instructional leadership in Indonesian school reform: overcoming the problems to move forward. School Leadership & Management: Formerly School Organisation, 32 (5), 503 – 522. Retrieved from http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13632434.2012.723616?src=recsys#.VFChzFdiqgA Research Question: The research looks to address the question in relation to the manner in which instructional leadership is not providing the same positive outcome as expected and is due to differences and problems which is present regarding the manner in which the reforms have been implemented in Indonesian schools. Research Purpose: The purpose of the research is find out a framework which will support the manner in which instructional leadership approach needs to undergo change so that Indonesian schools are able to bring the required reforms which gets reflected in the implementation process adopted by schools. This will have to find out factors which has an impact on instructional leadership approach and will help to work on the factors in the future. Research Design: The research looks at analyzing the manner in which instructional leadership approach is being used in schools and the actual manner in which instructional leadership approach needs to be followed. The research thereby focuses on looking into the phase of implementation and the manner in which changes have to be made so that the overall problems which could lead towards optimization is achieved. Threats: The risk for the research is that there are very few studies which have been carried out in Indonesia so backing the result which has been achieved through past studies which not are that strong. In addition to it the other risk which is involved is that the different findings will not have its applicability to all countries and schools and will be restricted to Indonesia. Validity: The research will prove its validity as the process will ensure that the same results are achieved every time the data is tested. Further since the research looks at analyzing and is more descriptive therefore the results which will be achieved will be valid for all conditions. Findings: The research highlights that differences appear regarding the manner in which instructional leadership approach is being developed and the manner in which it is being implemented. This results in having differences during the implementation phase and thereby emphasise the importance of overcoming the problem so that the process of optimization can be developed and used for ensuring better student achievement. Article 3: Lee, M., Walker, A. & Chui, Y. 2012. Contrasting effects of instructional leadership practices on student learning in a high accountability context. Journal of Educational Administration, 50 (5), 586 – 611. Retrieved from https://www.academia.edu/6724201/Contrasting_effects_of_instructional_leadership_practices_on_student_learning_in_a_high_accountability_context Research Question: The research question is to find out the different dimensions in relation to instructional leadership with regard to students learning in Hong Kong with regard to the institutional context and the manner in which it helps to improve student’s learning. Research Purpose: The purpose of the research is to determine the manner in which instructional leadership approach will have an impact on student’s learning and whether monitoring of the students will help to improve their learning process or not. Research Design: The research looks to be carried out in over 42 secondary schools where data is collected from different staffs to find out the manner in which instructional leadership helps to improve the process of learning for students. The focus is on identifying the manner in which instructional management and direct supervision has an impact on students and the long term implications it has for the future. Threats: The risk associated with the research is that the research looks to find out the perception of staff members among different secondary schools which can change and could thereby provide different results. Further the research is being carried out in Hong Kong and upon specific areas so that results cannot be generalized over all schools and might not therefore provide the same result. Validity: The research is valid and provides useful implications for schools in Hong Kong and the manner in which instructional leadership approach can be used for transforming and shaping the performances of students. It even highlights the current educational reforms and the implication which provides similar results if tested again and again Findings: The research highlighted that instructional leadership approach helps students to improve their learning process as it facilitates a mechanism through which students are able to deliver superior performance and enhance their learning. It was also identified that supervision has a negative impact on student’s learning as it undermines the students perception with regard to school attachment and thereby has an impact on their academic performance. Article 4: Bendikson, L., Robinson, V. & Hattie, J. 2012. Principal Instructional Leadership & Secondary School Performance. Teaching & Learning, 1-8 Research Question: The research question which the research looks to answer is the manner in which instructional leadership can have a positive impact on the learning of secondary students and the different role that different department needs to undertaken with this regard. Research Purpose: The purpose of the research is to bring forward the manner in which different department through the process of instructional leadership can contribute towards the productivity of students and enhance their learning process. The research through this will also be able to bring forward the manner in which different dimensions needs to be included in the planning process and the manner in which different contribution has to be looked at so that better learning is ensured. Research Design: The research looks to carry out the study over different secondary schools and aims to identify the manner in which different departments in different schools through the process of instructional leadership is able to contribute towards students learning Threats: The different risk which the research presents haven’t been identified in the paper and no details regarding it has been provided. Validity: The research will provide similar results as the contribution of different departments towards students learning can be easily calculated and based on it different dimensions which helps to improve learning can be ensured. Findings: The research shows that instructional leadership approach is focused towards both direct and indirect learning and principals in secondary school are more focused towards instructional leadership. This process has helped to evolve the manner in which education is imparted and have helped them to respond in a positive manner in the different situations which the school learning process presents. This has led towards better focus and has multiplied the effectiveness of instructional leadership in secondary schools. Article 5: Lunenburg, F. 2010. The Principal as Instructional Leader. National Forum of Education & Supervision Journal. 27 (4), 1 – 7 Research Question: The research addresses the question regarding the manner in which principals through the usage of instructional leadership promote the learning and success process of students Research Purpose: The purpose of the research is to find out the different factors which can help towards contributing towards improved student learning and the different factors which when used in a positive manner will help to bring about a complete change in students learning. Research Design: The research focuses on secondary schools and looking at different dimensions which principals have through which they can bring changes in the learning process of students. The research through a process of carrying out research on teachers look to identify the different factors and the manner in which positive change can be done based on it. Threats: The risk is that the different variables which have been identified varies from one individual to another so determining the variables and having its applicability for all schools might not fetch similar results and could be wrong. Further, the research is based on perception which changes with time so being able to identify the factor correctly is difficult and could vary from person to person. Validity: No details regarding the validity of the research were provided or could be inferred. Findings: The research showed that principals through the usage of instructional leadership can focus on student learning by encouraging students, collaborating with students, analysing their results and providing support through development of curriculum and assessment. This will help to improve the process of learning for students and will help them to carry out the different roles and activities in the most determined manner. Manner in which I would have carried out the study I would like to chosen article 3 which is “Contrasting effects of instructional leadership practices on student learning in a high accountability context” and would have looked to carry out the research in the following manner Research Question: The research question could be to bring forward the different variable which look towards highlighting the manner in which different dimensions have an impact on students learning and the manner in which different variables impact students learning. Research Purpose: The research purpose is appropriate as it looks towards bringing forward the different variables and dimensions through which instructional leadership can contribute towards improving the level of students education and improve the manner in which different dimensional will help. Further the research could have been developed through which the different dimensions could have been evaluated and better findings for the future can be ensured. Research Design: The research is appropriate if the study is to be based in Hong Kong as it provides different imperatives and directions through which important information could have been garnered. The sample size is appropriate as it covers different secondary schools in Hong Kong and provides imperative in that direction. The research to give a global perspective could have looked to include different secondary schools over different part of the continent and based on it could have provided the different dimensions which impact students learning. Strength & Weakness of the Design: Using the method would have provided a global perspective as it would have provided an opportunity to evaluate the different factors which have an impact on students learning. The process would also provide a perspective where different factors would have been included and would have provided a better perspective for future research as the different dimensions would have provided a framework for the future. The limitation would have been that the applicability of the research in Hong Kong and the different dimensions which would have its applicability could be a reason of consideration. This would require looking into the dimension based in Hong Kong and would requires looking at the same perspective and looking at other agendas so that secondary schools in Hong Kong could have developed appropriate strategies. Threats: The risk involved in the research would have been that the findings which would been ensured would not have its applicability across all secondary schools as the research would not have its applicability in all economy. This would still be an obstacle as seen in the original research as it would have led towards similar results and its applicability would have been in the regions where the research was carried out. Validity: The research would have provided similar result if it would have been tested over the same sample as the similar perception of people would have been highlighted. This would have further ensured consistency as similar results would have been obtained in all scenarios. Data Analysis: The method of data analysis which has been used is appropriate as it looks at identifying the different variables and looks at carrying out the research so that the analysis provides important information for the future. Further, the data analysis techniques which is used ensures that quantitative and qualitative data is analyzed and would thereby help to improve the overall mechanism through which different dimensions which have an important role in secondary education would have been identified. Contribution of the Study: The contribution of the study can be understood from the fact that it will help to identify the different variables which have an impact on the level of education for secondary schools. Further the research would have highlighted the manner in which instructional leadership would have improved secondary learning for students and the different dimensions which would have played a crucial role in shaping the performance of students. The research would have also provided useful inputs regarding the applicability in different economic regions and the manner in which secondary education would have been improved for students. Conclusion The paper thereby highlights the 5 different peer empirical articles on instructional leadership research and discusses each study based on different parameters. The different parameters which have been discussed are research question or problem, research purpose, research design, threats, validity and findings. Based on it a article has been identified by me and my evaluation base on the above parameters have been provided. It has been observed that the research would be carried out on similar grounds except some specific changes and would thereby help to improve the overall objectivity of research. References Bendikson, L., Robinson, V. & Hattie, J. (2012). Principal Instructional Leadership & Secondary School Performance. Teaching & Learning, 1-8 Lee, M., Walker, A. & Chui, Y. (2012). Contrasting effects of instructional leadership practices on student learning in a high accountability context. Journal of Educational Administration, 50 (5), 586 – 611. Retrieved from https://www.academia.edu/6724201/Contrasting_effects_of_instructional_leadership_practices_on_student_learning_in_a_high_accountability_context Lunenburg, F. (2010). The Principal as Instructional Leader. National Forum of Education & Supervision Journal. 27 (4), 1 – 7 Sofo, F., Fitzgerald, R. & Jawas, U. (2012). Instructional leadership in Indonesian school reform: overcoming the problems to move forward. School Leadership & Management: Formerly School Organisation, 32 (5), 503 – 522. Retrieved from http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13632434.2012.723616?src=recsys#.VFChzFdiqgA Tan, C. (2012). Instructional leadership: toward a contextualised knowledge creation model. School Leadership & Management: Formerly School Organisation, 32 (2), 183 – 194 Retrieved from http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13632434.2011.614944?journalCode=cslm20#.VFChoVdiqgA Read More