Operations and Algebraic Thinking - Assignment Example

Common Core Assignment Book Overview An introduction to Houghton Mifflin Math Publisher: Houghton Mifflin Company Grade level: Grade 2 Publication date: 2005 The mathematics textbook for second grade has four major chapters. The chapters are; operations, operations to base ten, data measurement, and geometry (Mafflin, 2005). Operations and Algebraic Thinking 2.OA The operations chapter has four key objectives. Firstly, the learner is taught how to add and subtract numbers within the 100 limit for instance, 20-15=5. (21+19)-5=35 Secondly, the learners should know how to mentally calculate numbers that are less than 20 like; 7+4=11. 8-1=7 Thirdly, the second grade students are taught how to differentiate odd from even numbers, for the first 20 numbers. 12 is an even number because it is divisible by without a remainder. On the other hand, 9 is an order because it has a remainder, when divided by 2. 28 is even, and 31 is odd number. Fourthly, the students are taught how to visually add numbers, by using the 5+5 rectangular array. 3+1=4. Numbers and Operation in Base Ten 2. NBT Operation to base ten is the second chapter. The chapter has three major aims. Firstly, the student has to understand the three digit number like 328. 3 illustrate ones, 2 illustrate tens, and 8 shows hundreds. In 109, 1 is ones, 0 is tens, and 9 hundreds. Secondly, the students are taught to skip count within the range of 1000; for instance, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900, and finally 1000. Also, 200, 400, 600, 800 and 1,000. Thirdly, learning involves using the >, = and < simples for several quantities. 312 shows that 25 is greater than 12. 1+8=11-2, illustrates that the sum of 1 and 8, is equal to the difference 11 and 2. The data measurement topic applies standard units and length measurements. The units of length include meters, kilometers, and miles. 2m+8m=10m. Measurement and Data 2. MD The students learn how to use measuring instruments like rulers, meter rule, and tape measures. Ruler measures length in cm, while meter rule and tape measure units in meters. 30cm+20cm=50cm. The students also understand how to use units of length in measuring objects; for instance, centimeters, meters or feet. The teacher also shows the students how to solve word problems that has lengths of similar units, 14m+6m=20m. The students also taught how to illustrated data on bar graphs and pie charts. A class has 18 boys (47%) and 20 girls (53%). The pie chart below illustrates the proportion in percentage. Geometry 2. G Geometry is the final topic illustrated in the book. The topic has three major subcomponents. Firstly, students are required to understand and construct shapes with several attributes. For instance, a rectangle has four equal sides with four equal angles. The next shape illustrates oval. Secondly, the students are taught how to split rectangles into several rows and columns that are of the same square shape and size. The figure below shows rectangle with five rows and two columns. Thirdly, the students should understand how to divide circles and rectangles into halves, thirds or quarters. The rectangle below has been divided into two halves. Mathematical Standards There are eight Mathematical practice standards, as illustrated by the P-12 common core mathematics standards. The standards aim at enhancing the teaching and effective understanding of mathematical concepts (Higgs, 2002). This paper focuses on analyzing the Mathematics practice at the second learning grade. The first standard entails understanding and striving to solve a problem. The grade two students depend on objects and pictures to effectively analyze and solve problems. For example, drawing and counting circle to assist in solving simple sums like 3+5=8. The leaner draws s circles, and then another five circles. The answer is achieved by counting all the eight circles. The second standard entails reasoning quantitatively. Quantitative reasoning involves developing adequate representation of the mathematical problem, analyzing the units involved, and knowing meaning of quantities. Quantitative aspect also entails understanding and flexibly applying several operations properties. 3+1=4, illustrates analysis of the addition unit. The third standard is making viable arguments, and also critiquing the quantitative opinion of others. The second grade learners have the ability of reasoning inductively concerning data. The students can develop arguments through applying concrete referents like actions, drawings and objects. The students can learn, read and also listen to the arguments of peers and also the teachers. The second grade students can effectively identify a rectangle, because of the four equal angles. The fourth standard entails mathematics modeling. The second grade students can properly apply learned mathematical concepts in daily life activities and challenges. This normally involves forming a mathematical expression, to illustrate the life situation. The second grade students can effectively count their coins savings based on simple mathematical concepts. The students can also practice their artwork skills, by drawing and connecting several geometrical shapes. The fifth standards enable the second grade learners to strategically utilize tools. The students understand the tool requires for satisfactory completing of a mathematical problem. These tools are very diverse, depending on the topic under study. The tools include; pencil, paper, geometry paper, rulers, eraser, and concrete models. The ruler is used in measuring the lengths of lines during geometry classes. The eraser is used in making calculation or drawing corrections. The sixth standard involves being very precise and also attentive. The students are required to adequately select the mathematical symbol or quantities applicable. The students carefully discuss mathematical solution process with their peers and also effectively reason with the teacher. The students understand mathematical symbols and their applications. For example, addition questions require only the application of the add sign. The seventh standard entails appropriate identification and usage of the structure. The students adequately monitor the pattern and also the structure of mathematical problems. Second grade students adequately understand that, two and four more, is similar in value to four and two more; hence, 2+4=4+2. The students can also properly explain the differences in shapes through looking at characteristics like; number of angles and the type of lines used. The eighth standard communicates regularity and also continuous reasoning. The proficient second grade students can adequately illustrate if mathematical patterns are repeating; this will enable them identify the general approaches of solving the calculations, and also determine if a mathematical shortcut exists and determine the usage appropriateness. One pattern that is common in second grade involves several calculations that results in the same answer or solution. The students are capable of realizing that; 1+9+10, 4+6=10, 5+5+10, and also 3+7+10. Analysis of the Textbook The text adequately meets the diverse needs of the second grade students. The examples used in the textbook are relevant to the second grade students from all races. This is because there is no specific race that is illustrated, either inform of a question or solution, in the text. Race diversity is achieved. The book is written in very simple English that is easily understood by both native and non-native English speakers. The gender diversity is adequately addressed. Mathematical examples are illustrated using representations of both genders. For example, the number of boys in the class is 11 and the number of girls in the same class is 13, identity the total student population in that class. The students will get the answer as 24 (11+13=24). The textbook caters effectively for the needs of the students with special needs. The online content of the book has simple step by step examples that are favorable for students experiencing learning challenges. The online content also encourages teachers to give extra attention to children experiencing learning disabilities. Effective literary content is used in the text. The questions and examples are presented in very simple English; this enables easy understanding of instructions by the students. The word problems also enable the students to improve the analysis capabilities involved in English sentences. Technology is adequately applied in the text. The publisher has digital content that enhances understanding of concepts. The presentation procedure is very simple in the digital platform, because it illustrates simple and direct procedures for solving mathematical problems. Afterthought The text is highly recommended for usage in second grade level of education. The simple language used enables, both teachers and students, to understand the mathematical questions and examples. The book also satisfactorily complies with the New York City Common core Standards. This means that the authors have met the basic education requirements for second grade learning. The online platform also effectively enhances the learner understanding and involvement. The digital platform has mathematical answers for the queries that the learners or the teachers key in. References Angela, Higgs. (2002). Math Minutes, 2nd Grade. NY: Creative Teaching Press. Houghton, Mifflin. (2005). An introduction to Houghton Mifflin Math. NY: Houghton Mifflin Company. 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