Child development shot answer - Assignment Example

Child Development Short Answers Q1. List and briefly describe 4 different ways that we know a child has a sense of self. Answer: A child starts showing signs of recognizing personal identity at early stages of toddlers. These signs are:Mirror Play: In early toddler years children start playing with the mirror fascinated by the image staring back at them. Pictures and Videos: Usually parents photograph and film a lot of their children’s activities to preserve these good old days, but when the child turns 2 most of them start posing for the picture and acknowledge the video being made.

Playtime: During their playing hours a child shows signs of self identity when he starts taking the lead picking the games he likes.Actions and consequences: This is when the child starts understanding which kind of behavior would earn him a reward or land him a punishment. Q2. Define and give an example of what family researchers mean by behavioral control and psychological control? Answer: Behavioral Control is where the parents handout punishments or reward the child with respect to his actions.

Like treating him to two bedtime stories after he picks up his toys are he’s done playing, or with holding ice cream until he apologizes to the other kid he has been rude to earlier. Psychological control refers to parents manipulative ways such as guilt-induction, shaming, and love withdrawal to tame the toddler.Q3. List and explain the 3 laws of behavioral genetics.Answer: Following are the laws that govern behavioral genetics:. First Law: For all of the human beings, their traits are heritable and transferred through generations.

This law indicates that no matter where the kids are raised some of strong makers in their behavior are the result of heredity. A conventional theory is, half of the variation in intelligence, personality and life outcomes is heritable.Second Law: Genes affect a person’s behavior more than the effect of a person being brought up in the same family. This law explains that the effect of upbringing on a child’s behavior is about 0% to 10% rests of his traits are all genetics.Third Law: Genes or families have little or no affect in how a person’s behavior varies significantly.

This law indicates that extreme environmental changes also play a major role in his behavior.4. Explain Scarr and McCartney’s genotype/environment correlation. Give an explanation of all 3 types of correlations.Answer: Their proposed theory of development with genetics is that the genetical traits also have an effect on the environment changes and both of them have a direct or through experience impact on 3 types of correlations: Passive, Evocative and Active. If a child is raised in a tragic environment then chances are that in an evocative environment he would start showing negative traits.Q5. List and define the 4 attachments styles assessed in childhood through the Strange Situation.

Then provide an overview of the parenting styles or patterns of caregiving that are thought to foster each of the 4 attachment styles. Describe or explain the social learning, cognitive developmental, and ethological explanation so of how infants form primary attachments.Answer: Secure attachment. In this type of attachment the child feels safe, explorative and happy. He trusts the person he is with and knows his needs will be fulfilled. In this case the parents response quickly to the child’s need and are always there for him when needed.

Avoidant attachment. This type of attachment tells us that the child is not that happy, he does not feel explorative and understands that his needs might not be met. In this case the parents are usually distant and detached to the child.Ambivalent attachment. In this type of attachment the child remains in a state of anxiety and anger as the parents response towards him keep changing. He understands that his needs would not be fulfilled and that keeps him in an insecure state.Disorganized attachment.

This kind of attachment fosters when the parents are abusive or frightening. The child remains in a state of anger extreme anxiety and fear. He fears for his nourishment and knows that his needs would not be met by his caretaker.Work Cited Shaffer, D. R.(2009) Social and Personality Development (6th ed.) Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.