Threshold Concepts for Nanotechnology - Essay Example

The amount that U.S has expended on the research and development of the nanotechnology is about $3.7 billion; while European Union has spent about 1.2 billion. Nanotechnology is considered to be the one of its own kind as the technology utilizes the conventional materials as emphasize on the production of new materials and enhance the productivity and efficiency of the nanotechnology (Highfield, 2012). Nearly every field like the medicine, energy, electronics, etc are considered to be greatly influenced by the nanotechnology in future.

The more interactive designs are seen in the water purification and energy sector. On the other hand, the future advancement and implementation of the nanotechnology is much debated and scientists believe that the technology may solve the typical problems. On the other hand, the issues regarding the nanotechnology are the same as that of the other emerging technologies. The issues may have a deep relation with the environment and the pollutions, impacts on the economics and the impact on the society and culture (Crnano.org, 2008).

Nanotechnology is considered as the future technology and is considered as the manufacturing and handling of the systems and devices at the nanostructure or molecular level. . ter of about 2 nm and the spicing between the typical carbon- carbon bonds is about 0.12nm -0.15 nm, while the smallest microorganism has a length of about 200 nm, which is Mycoplasma. The nanotechnology is modeled to be in the length ranging from 1- 100 nm. The smallest particle in nature is considered to be hydrogen atom that has an atomic width of about ? nm. Nanotechnology and Micro technology and Nanotechnology approaches There is distinct difference between the nanotechnology and micro technology.

The micro scale is larger than that of the nano scale. The nanotechnologies are considered to have the ranges more than the given nanotechnology range. The nanotechnology adopts two main approaches; the “bottom-up” approach and the “top-down” approach. During the bottom up approach the devices and products are considered to manufacture themselves at the molecular level. Chemical reactions or physical combination are adopted at the bottom up approach. The process of combination of the products during the bottom up approach is known as the molecular recognition (Nano.gov, 2008).

On the other hand, in the top down approach the atomic control is not required and the larger entities are utilized to manufacture the nano products. The major researches in the areas of nanoelectronics, nanophotonics, etc have made it easy to adopt both the approached according to the requirement. Nanotechnology and Electronics Industry and related benefits Some processes are recognized due to the smaller size of the system. The processes include the quantum mechanical effects. The electronic properties of the materials are assumed to be impacted by changing the particle size of the material.

The quantum effect is considered to affect the system when the size of the particle reduces to