Materials Properties in CES EduPack Databases - Assignment Example

Materials properties and materials selection- CES2016 By Student’s name Course code and name Professor’s name University name City, State Date of submission Table of Contents Introduction 2 Task 1: Material selection charts 2 Yield Strength Vs Density 2 Yield Strength Vs price x Density 3 (Young’s Modulus)1/2/Density –v- (Yield Strength)2/3/Density 4 Task 2 5 Strong circular cross-section beam 5 Selection line 7 Overlap between your lists of lightest and cheapest materials 8 Usage of (Young’s Modulus) 1/2/Density –v- (Yield Strength) 2/3/Density chart 8 Task 3 8 Selection chart 8 Trade –off surface line for non-dominated solutions 9 The significance the results 10 Task 4 10 Young modulus (E), and yield strength 10 Excel plots 10 Conversion weight fractions to volume fractions 12 Effects of addition of glass fibre to PPs in its mechanical properties 13 References 14 Introduction The aims of paper are to analyze materials properties available in CES EduPack databases. The approach utilized in coming up with this report therefore gives more focus on the level 2 database. This report covers the macro material requirements that are desired for this application through the use of CES EduPack databases for comparison purposes. This methodology establishes that lightweight and cheap aerospace materials which is carbon-carbon matrix is actually the best based on the properties generated in generating them. The superlative mechanical properties that make up the aerospace grade carbon nanotubes that are used in the manufacture carbon-carbon are deeply analyzed to establish their suitability. Task 1: Material selection charts The selection criterion applied by CES2016 Edupack gives an exhaustive approach to tailoring properties for this application. A material selection charts are 2-D plot of material properties or property against another. In the chart a materials would occupy a single point on the chart. In this case Yield Strength Vs Density, Yield Strength Vs price x Density and (Young’s Modulus)1/2/Density –v- (Yield Strength2/3/Density charts will be made and analyzed. Yield Strength Vs Density Yield Strength and density are critical as it is determines the strength of materials which is meant for strengthening of materials. As part of this analysis, the comparison between the density and strength is analyzed using the comparison software CES Edupack as shown in the graph below. CES 2016 Edupack software contain the highest translation – although they are in ranges, they have been very assistive in coming up with study. Yield strength is seen to rise against density with a maximum achievable of 1000 MPa while the minimum required for this application is a bare 0.01 MPa. Figure 1: Analysis of yield strength against density. The effects density is seen from the graph above, high yield strength is achievable when density is increased. The graphical analysis of yield strength against density is shown in the graph above and it is very vivid that the higher the density the higher the yield strength. Yield Strength Vs price x Density Yield Strength is one of factor that will play a critical role in choice of materials will depend on the price x density per yield strength. This will be done by comparing strength to price x density ratio that is specific strength as well as price to strength. The graph below shows Yield Strength Vs price x Density Figure 2: Yield Strength Vs price x Density The graph above shows that as yield increases the price x Density increases. From the graph foams, natural materials polymers and elastomers have the lowest ratio of yield strength to price x Density. (Young’s Modulus)1/2/Density –v- (Yield Strength)2/3/Density This type of chart shows specific modulus against specific yield strength. Figure 3: (Young’s Modulus) 1/2/Density –v- (Yield Strength) 2/3/Density If square root of Young’s Modulus/Density decreases, the critical Yield Strength 2/3/Density decreases Task 2 This task involves inserting an appropriate selection line to determine a shortlist of the best 10-15 materials for two charts above . Strong circular cross-section beam Here the selection line with a strong circular cross-section beam in bending with minimum mass Figure 4: Yield strength against density with selection Figure 5: Yield strength against price x Density with selection line Selection line Figure 6: Yield strength against density with selection Figure 7: Yield Strength against price x Density with selection line Overlap between your lists of lightest and cheapest materials There is an overlap between lists of lightest and cheapest as it can be seen materials like foams, natural materials, composites, technical ceramics in yield strength against price x Density while Polymers and elastomers includes yield strength against price x Density. The fact that Polymers and elastomers is a light weight material that is also cheap translates to its being utilized for various productions. The selected materials relativity ranges density range of this material lies between 0.1 – 0.12. A high strength material can be achieved at desirable thickness and at free form. Usage of (Young’s Modulus) 1/2/Density –v- (Yield Strength) 2/3/Density chart This chart is used in choosing the specific stiffness of the material against specific strength of the materials. It will be used to select relatively high performance to light weight ratio to specific strength. The chart will help in choosing materials that has high ratio of specific stiffness and specific strength produce toughness, low density, low strength and low stiffness stability. The properties that are of interest for this application mainly are stiffness, frictional properties and toughness against possible operational fractures. The mechanical properties of this material and its respective constituents are very important especially for this application. Task 3 Selection chart Using CES with the level 3 aerospace databases, aerospace materials subset, a chart of (y-axis) -v- (x-axis) has been selected. Trade –off surface line for non-dominated solutions The significance the results It shows that lightweight materials are expensive while heavy materials are less expensive. In order to ensure less expensive a mixture of material will be selected using materials lying near trade off line in the lower right and lower left so as to ensure cost reduction and economics of scale since these items are very expensive in their manufacture and purpose. This is to increase the reusability of a material as an approach to cost saving aspect Task 4 The aim of task is to create material that are increase both stiffness and strength by mixing them with stiff, strong materials such as glass fibre or carbon fibre from plastic materials (polymers) that are very versatile. The polymers suffer from low stiffness and strength. Young modulus (E), and yield strength Excel plots Young’s modulus –v- fibre content Yield strength –v- fibre content (i.e 0% to 40% weight fraction) Conversion weight fractions to volume fractions Materials the young modulus (E) (MPa) yield strength (Elastic limit) (MPa) PP homopolymer (high flow grade) - i.e. 0% glass fibre 2070 41 PP homopolymer + 4% glass fibre 9185 115.7 PP homopolymer + 8% glass fibre 9,520 115.7 PP homopolymer + 13% glass fibre 9869 115.8 PP homopolymer + 19% glass fibre 10164 115.8 Young’s modulus –v- fibre content Yield strength –v- fibre content (i.e 0% to 40% weight fraction) Effects of addition of glass fibre to PPs in its mechanical properties The addition of glass fibre to PPs increases its Young’s modulus yield strength to a certain level where the strength cannot be increased further. The addition of glass fibre to PPs contribute high modulus, high strength and brittle but in contrary to be fragile and sensitive to compression load defect. For this purpose, glass fibre reinforced composite is used to carry out a property analysis of the materials as the material with closes similarity. Composites with strong fibre bonding fail catastrophically as compared to controlled interface failure when it comes to mixture in Young’s modulus and yield strength. The fiber break out can result in reducing the yield strength and can be detrimental the durability by reducing the in service life under fatigue loads. References Etcheverry, M. & Barbosa, S. 2012. Glass Fiber Reinforced Polypropylene Mechanical Properties Enhancement by Adhesion Improvement. Materials Etcheverry, M., Ferreira, M.L., Capiati, N.; Pegoretti, A. & Barbosa, S.2008. Strengthening of polypropylene—Glass fiber interface by direct metallocenic polymerization of propylene onto the fibers. Compos. Part A. Read More