Issues and Architecture of Database-Driven E-Business Systems - Coursework Example

RUNNING HEAD: Issues And Architecture Of E-Business Systems Issues & Architecture Of Database-Driven E-Business Systems [Name Of Student] [Name Of Institution] ISSUES & ARCHITECTURE OF DATABASE-DRIVEN E-BUSINESS SYSTEMS ABSTRACT The way of dealings and business has considerably changed in the modern world. It is continually developing, and the overabundance of transformations demonstrates little symptoms of slowing. A good deal of the alteration can be traced to the swift international development of electronic commerce. E-business is more than plainly selling and advertising goods by electronic means; it engrosses deploying novel communications technology to connect in a broad array of actions in the value-added sequence both inside and exterior to the organization. Today is the e-business world. In this paper I will explore the various issues in the database driven e-business systems. After discussing the flaws, I will proceed to explain the different existing architectures of e-business systems and how each strives to solve a flaw in the e-business system. INTRODUCTION TO E-BUSINESS SYSTEMS An e-business depends mainly on the organization’s tendency to design an infrastructure that fabricates the measures of soaring performance, scalability, and dependability expected to sustain the business objectives for profits and customer contentment. Scalability techniques in general engage the utilization of multi-tiered architectures (Chaffey, 2002, 56). Scaling a multi-tiered architecture means running the performance and aptitudes of each constituent within each level. This gives rise to parallelism in distributed systems and it may in reality enhance performance. Scalability is also well-built stimulus to put into practice a distributed database structure. A distributed database system that sustains diverse local DBMSs means sustaining the impression of a doorway and when correctly employed, it can assist scalability. A few service models such as the real estate function – closeyourdeal.com, have used the Internet to generate a collaborative community that allows furnishes chain participants to together grip real estate transactions, in array to compose a ‘one-stop’ shopping familiarity for customers. The fundamental meaning of e-business is merely to utilize the Internet to unite with clientele, associates, and dealers. Furthermore, it entails the conversion of obtainable business procedures to create them as more proficient. To connect in e-business, corporations need to be capable to unbolt information in their workstations, so they can contribute to information and carry out electronic dealings with clientele, associates, and dealers through the Internet (Conolly, Beg 2002, 56-9). DATABASE-DRIVEN E-BUSINESS SYSTEMS In a database drive e-business system commonly; each practical unit works as though it were disconnected from the others. Every part characteristically has its individual records, bookkeeping procedures, and coverage system. Information from every serviceable region is regularly stored in detached databases that are not well suited or favorable for building organization extensive resolutions. A distributed DBMS (database system) that chains diverse local DBMSs actually entails sustaining the perception of a doorway and when suitably executed, it can make possible scalability (Conolly, Beg 2002, 66). The conformist approach of firm consistency in a database driven architecture leads to stumpy response and fewer flexibility due to the well-built interdependence of the systems. I believe that the distributed or an Autonomous Decentralized Database System is an application-oriented database expertise based on the idea of independence and loose-consistency amongst the dispersed DB systems thus provide real-time, suppleness and high accessibility furthermore, the classification adapts to the animatedly changing heterogeneous admittance requirements at every DB by running the division of AV among dissimilar DBs through an energetic coordination method. Due to the lively and changeable environment, the constituent DBs are provided with total autonomy for their restricted and harmonization decisions, thus withdrawing the interdependency and making the response time better. As the scheme consists of loosely-connected subsystems, it in addition has elevated availability. THE REQUIREMENTS To congregate the extremely cutthroat and vibrant needs in the current business world, an e-Business industry needs to lithely amalgamate its diverse database systems collectively, for example, the incorporation of manufacturers and vendors in a SCM (Supply Chain Management System). The clients require one-click reaction and in addition their admittance necessities vary too habitually. Furthermore, dissimilar vendors and manufacturers in a SCM, being the self-sufficient units, have their individual exact necessities for stock-cost etc. In these surroundings, the integrated DBs are obligatory to make available real-time reply, heterogeneity contentment and elasticity to acclimatize to altering necessities (Date, 2000, 651-8). The conservative approach of firm constancy directs to little response and lesser suppleness due to the well-built interdependence of the structure. THE COMMON ISSUES IN DATABASE-DRIVEN E-BUSINESS SYSTEMS C.J date defines the key issues associated with e-business systems as according to the rule of thumb all of the problems of any database-driven e-business system should be internal or implementation level problems and not external or user level issues(Date, 2000, 651-8). The basic features are listed below which will help us get a better understanding of the issues in database-driven e-business systems: 1. Local autonomy 2. No reliance on a central site 3. Continuous operation 4. Location independence 5. Fragmentation independence 6. Replication Independence 7. Distributed query processing 8. Distributed transaction management 9. Hardware independence 10. Operating system independence 11. Network independence 12. DBMS independence (Date, 2000, 651-8) As in any architecture, the characteristic features that are required from that particular architecture are yermed as the ‘requirements’. However, in real world getting to achieve one characteristic would require some trade-off or compromise in the other and here is where the ‘issues’ stem from. The primary issue is that of response time. At 50% operation, clientele wait twice as extensive for a reply. At 75% they hang around four times as extended. As shown in the figure above (Ramamritham, 2001, 62-8), it gets exponentially poorer from then onwards. When request passage is too overcrowded, some clientele lose tolerance and go someplace else and this is a big blow to the e-business (Ramamritham, 2001, 62-8). With replicating the chief blueprint issues are: First, resolve where blockages will happen, and second, resolve how to dispense requests in the middle of the duplicate hardware schemes to stabilize the load. The figure above shows five possible replication approaches at dissimilar tiers of a database driven e-business application (Ramamritham, 2001, 62-8). Transactional databases depend greatly on hard disk operations to assure transaction stability and accumulate revival logs. RAID skill makes it effortless to put in drives, clearly load equilibrium requirements to the drives, and offer idleness and fail over where a drive fails. A parallel database functions on one database request on parallel hardware. In such goods, database designers have outlined how to stabilize the load and preserve data steadiness. In simulated databases, two disconnect systems handle two requests of the similar data as depicted in the figure (Teniente, 2000, 72-5). Replicated databases sustain main expenses in retaining constancy between the two different instances of data. The database engine itself may be a holdup during composite joins or in the pending queries in data mining or exploration tasks. Assembled components without doubt recover the presentation of an app server, but how do you duplicate that facility for better loads? Even though you could set up additional networked app servers (as shown in figure) and put into service load harmonizing, the communication operating cost tends to overpower routine benefits. A LAN distant procedure call (RPC) takes approximately two orders of size more time than a local RPC for the reason that it requires tens of thousands of mechanism instructions to get a note onto the LAN. Load balancing while the demand is still on the LAN by duplicating the Web server is a superior plan. A SHORT CASE Anyone will comprehend the significance of customer-satisfaction, in terms of service as well as response time, that unless you fix the difficulty instantly, customers will almost immediately leave in herds. An e-business scheme can assemble all its practical and performance targets, but still be unsuccessful to balance in the real world if the architecture that is stands on is not well-structured. America Online (AOL) established this out the rigid way immediately following it offered limitless monthly right of entry to its e-service. Structure surplus led to loads of discontented customers and lawful threats from many of states. Merely after a 24hour day and night, attempt to improve the scheme did the service get backside on path. AOL had to issue reimbursements counting to millions of dollars to reinstate client assurance. ARCHITECTURE Database admittance entails an arrangement with rapid disk I/O. footed on the comparative frequencies of the two forms of businesses; we planned a structure with one database-backed structure sustained by numerous content-download schemes (Deitel, 2004, 26). This architecture creates the identical hardware and database server asset balance much improved than several matching systems that prop up communication as well as enable content downloading. Secondly, sorting out read-only facts from unpredictable read-write information, that also imitates the partition among OLAP- online analytical processing and OLTP, can give way to massive dividends in supplementary tiers (Teniente, 2000, 84). A database that is for reading only for a good number of users can exclude classification and fundamentally be cached in recollection. This explanation would get rid of the majority of disk accesses, thus improving feat by an order of size. A read-only database is furthermore straightforward to duplicate, which immensely advances the complete e-business’ presentation and scalability. The middle structure executes barely order dispensation and client updates, so consumption settles as low (Zhong, 2002, 121-5). The repeatedly altering client and order information does not invite the costs of duplication and constancy checks. Next, purely untying static information from unstable data, you may believe a distributed database. In such architecture, you fragment your information by characteristics, client, creation line, or some extra decisive factor and then lay each piece in its individual database (Zhong, 2002, 121-5). For instance, real-estate databases part very satisfactorily by site and can make use of one database for every city/country. The database-driven e-business application server may turn out to be a holdup if the e-business regulations are extremely compound. Comparatively slight changes in user interface outlines and function routing can routinely please a amazing number of compound business regulations. For instance, if a workflow has to take place in a detailed order, steer your customers all the way through the function in that order. A golden rule, hence, for the database-driven e-business systems is that if dependence between data basics subsist, make it unattainable to enter reliant data without having previously come across the precursor data. CONCLUSION For a striving business in today’s cutthroat environment, it is vital to understand and resolve the issues that flaw the database driven e-business systems (Elmasri, 2003). Furthermore, the organization acclimatizes to the vigorously altering heterogeneous admission necessities at every DB by running the allocation of AV amongst dissimilar DBs throughout a dynamic harmonization method. There are problems with e-business systems that have databases at their backend but the advantages outweigh the disadvantages, and hence the choice of database-driven e-business systems. Due to the energetic and erratic situation, the constituent DBs are given total independence for their limited and coordination verdicts, thus retreating the interdependency and enhancing the service by decreasing the response time from the communication charges point of analysis. REFERENCES Connolly, T.& Begg C.(2002): Database Sustems: a practical approach to design, implementation, and management. Addison-Wesley/Pearson Education Chaffey, D. (2002), E-Business and E-Commerce Management, Prentice Hall, pp. 32-63 Date, C.J 2000: An introduction to database systems, International edition. Addison Weslay, Longman Inc. Deitel, H.M. et. al (2004): Internet and World Wide Web: how to program. Pearson Education.IsBN 0-13-124682-8. Elmasri & Navathe (2003): Fundamentals of Database Systems. Addison-Wesley. ISBN 0321204484. Hsiung, Agrawal, 2001: Enabling dynamic content caching for database-driven Web sites, Proc. ACM SIGMOD Conf, Santa Barbara, CA, 2001. Ramamritham, 2001: Materialized view selection and maintenance using multi-query optimization," Proc. ACM SIGMOD Conf, 2001. Teniente 2000: Materialized view selection in a multidimensional database, Proc. 23th VLDB Conf. Zhong, 2002: Web caching for database applications with oracle web cache, Proc. ACM SIGMOD Conf, 2002. Read More