The Most Important Steps in Starting a Business - Term Paper Example

Table of contents: …………………………………………………………………………………….. Key Words: …………………………………………………………………………………….. Introduction: …………………………………………………………………………………….. Objectives: …………………………………………………………………………………….. Entrepreneurial consideration …………………………………………………………………………………..………………… Specification and Dissection of business activity to be undertaken: …………………………………………………………………………………….. Declaring and determining S.O.Ps: …………………………………………………………………………………….. Business Structure Determination: …………………………………………………………………………………….. Critical success factors determination: …………………………………………………………………………………….. Market Analysis: …………………………………………………………………………………….. Deliverable: …………………………………………………………………………………….. Developing business idea: …………………………………………………………………………………….. Business Plan: …………………………………………………………………………………….. Pricing Factor Determination: …………………………………………………………………………………….. Location consideration: …………………………………………………………………………………….. Advertising campaign: …………………………………………………………………………………….. Financial assessment: …………………………………………………………………………………….. Past trends assessment: …………………………………………………………………………………….. Inventory Assessment: …………………………………………………………………………………….. Goals determination between short term to long term: …………………………………………………………………………………….. Other Initial pre requisites: …………………………………………………………………………………….. Following the conventional Business Model: …………………………………………………………………………………….. Importance of Business plan: …………………………………………………………………………………….. Integrating Business management techniques: …………………………………………………………………………………….. Integrating Business management techniques: …………………………………………………………………………………….. Management functions: …………………………………………………………………………………….. Leading : …………………………………………………………………………………….. Staffing: …………………………………………………………………………………….. Controlling: …………………………………………………………………………………….. Practical Viability: …………………………………………………………………………………….. Time constraint and Factor determination: …………………………………………………………………………………….. Geographical factors determination: …………………………………………………………………………………….. Cultural context: …………………………………………………………………………………….. Infrastructure…………………………………………………………………………………….. Presence…………………………………………………………………………………….. Transportation function…………………………………………………………………………………….. 1st business example: …………………………………………………………………………………….. Fast Food chain establishment: Budget …………………………………………………………………………………….. Lifestyle…………………………………………………………………………………….. Technology…………………………………………………………………………………….. Inventory …………………………………………………………………………………….. Team development………………………………………………………………………………… 2nd business example …………………………………………………………………………………….. I.T network based hardware equipment and software support system …………………………………………………………………………………….. Factors determinant…………………………………………………………………………………….. Budget …………………………………………………………………………………….. Lifestyle…………………………………………………………………………………….. Technology…………………………………………………………………………………….. Inventory …………………………………………………………………………………….. Team development……………………………………………………………………………… Documentation …………………………………………………………………………………….. Conclusion……………………………………………………………………………………..: References…………………………………………………………………………………….. Abstract: Business activities are undertaken through concretely thought out steps. These steps take into account all the Dos and Don’ts that allow for a positively effective outcome at the end of the project. A business activity is often followed through the assessment stages in terms of the critical success factors as well (Westland, 134). Fast food business and Information system network establishment in two different categories are the kinds of business models that are to be presented in this paper. Each of these models with be assessed with the feasibility factors and critical success factors. The business model will be implemented on two different kinds of businesses. One is that of the services provided, the second will be that of the product manufacturing industry and selling the electronic goods and items that are used in the internet based environment. A generic business plan is presented which provides the list of variables that are important towards initiation of a successful business. Based on these variables mentioned in the business plan, the two types of business so initiated (Fast food chain and I.T network system establishment) are compared for the feasibility in terms of the business plan available. Key words: Critical success factors, Fast food chain, I.T support system, Quality, entrepreneurial concepts. Introduction: The word business does not merely pertain to some money making work, rather it constitutes set of activities, actions, plans, policies and thought process which is undertaken in order to perform a certain task. The word business pertains to a two way process where one end provides services, goods or some functioning ability, and the other acquires the functions, services through the amount paid or any other settled means of payment in return (Battersby et.al , 207). Establishing a business is based upon several stages. Some of them may be the theoretical steps while others may be that of the practical steps undertaken or to be taken (Hill, 76). Apart from the actions taken, business also pertains to the dedication of resources in various forms. These resources may come in the form of capital, raw material, expertise, time factor and many more similar variables. Objectives: In this paper, two types of businesses are to be discussed. The generic model of each is to be mentioned. This along with the work break down structure, the feasibility factors and other constraints and determinants are also to be studied. The other objectives include determining the level of expertise and the skill needed to be possessed by the employees within. The element of R&D is also to be discussed since the paper largely deals with the steps that are taken before initiation of the project and business activity. Entrepreneurial aspect: Mostly the best dividends are achieved through the element of entrepreneurial thinking. Aiming to create and deliver something new and novel towards the public and the market often helps. This catches the attention of the clients in a direct way and helps them attracting the customers (Sahai, 75). Entrepreneurial activities and tendencies can be made part of the business by allowing the employees and workers to think and work in a free style and free environment. Encouraging them to take challenges and come up with something new would help the company, business, individuals and the customers altogether (Kumar, 98). Different entrepreneurial ideas can be thought of in the field of fast food services and the Information Technology enabled services system providing outlets. Any business activity so undertaken has variables and factors associated with them. Some of these are dependent variables while others constitute the independent variables. Any business to be initiated is subject to number of factors and variables. The type of business, the nature of business, the scope of business, the duration of business and its overall domain are few of the factors that make up for the constraints and considerations that are to be taken into account while undertaking and initiating a business activity (Pfister and Tierney, 46). Similarly, the steps to be taken also depend upon the kind of business that is to be initiated. The nature of business and the subsequent activities to be initiated are subjective in nature and greatly depend upon the kind of business to be initiated. The aforementioned factors and constraints are associated with businesses regardless of their types, scope, duration and range. Further specification and details are taken into account when the field specialized businesses are initiated based on their requirements and factors to be considered. Specification and Dissection of business activity to be undertaken: Two business models and activities are to be discussed. One of them will be with regard to the services industry business plan and project, the second will be the product and manufacturing related industry businesses. Declaring and determining S.O.Ps: Once the objectives that are to achieved or roughly chalked out, the Standard Operating Procedures need to be determined and drawn out. The Standard Operating Procedures determination allows bringing more uniformity and regularity in to the actions and thereby gives a more vigorous and more thorough outlook to the entire scheme and plan. This in turn makes the tasks easier to understand and execute (Freeman, 1). Business structure determination: The following are the two business structures which will be adopted for each of the business so undertaken. For Food chain network: Food items delivery Transport system availability Quality maintenance Home delivery options Critical success factors determination: Any kind of business activity that is undertaken professionally needs to have the critical success factors evaluated. While these critical success factors may vary from the type of project and business undertaken, yet there are number of steps and factors that are relatively universal in their existence towards the business and serve as the determining factors with regard to the success or failure afterwards. In the generic context, the time factor, quality, service, customers relationship and feedback to the customers are few of the basic and fundamental critical success factors that imply to all kinds of businesses regardless of their size, capacity and time period (Oortwijn, 15). Critical success factors, also known as the Success indicators. These allow the company and business runners targeting certain area and certain variables that are largely bound to impact the overall outcome of the business and activity undertaken. Critical success factors also enable working in a pattern that prevents loses and negative consumption of the resources and energy (Steiss, 152). Critical success factors are largely subject to the evaluation and assessment of the market analysis as well. Market analysis: Analyzing the industry in which the business is intended for initiation is highly important. Many a time, businesses failure due to the fact that they are initiated in a domain that are already saturated or there is little margin for profit, investment and success. It is therefore necessary drawing out the factors, variables, and environment based on which the market can be assessed for in terms of the success or failure rates and probability (Covello & Hazelgren, 102). Deliverables: A hypothetical environment will be created with the dependent and independent variables. This along with the determinants in the form of the domestic variables and the external elements that may have any impact on the organization and the business activity undertaken as a whole. Developing business idea: Developing business idea requires knowing clearly what is to be achieved and through what parameters and in what domain and capacity. Business ideas are often helped undertaking through the presence of the business models that are largely and generically used in the field of business for the purpose of undertaking a successful endeavor. These models allow following the patterns and procedures that help reaching the tasks and objectives in a desired and timely manner. Based on the business idea, a business plan is implemented. These two serve as the pairs. The former is the idea and worked out scheme, while the latter is relatively more practical and ground activity related practice where the plans are to executed in line with the overall plan and purpose of the business so undertaken. Business plan: The business plan contains set of various important factors and elements based on which the overall project is initiated (DeThomas & Derammelaere, vii). Few of the basic factors that taken into account in the business plan include the following: Pricing factor determination: The price factor pertains to assessing the overall market rates and then in the light of this, the model and items so offered are compared with the market existing price list. This allows for assessing the overall margin between the already existing items in the market and the ones offered in the new business plan and activity undertaken (Abrams, 105). Proposed location: Location determination and consideration is one of the most important factors in any kind of business that is undertaken. The location layout makes up for an integral part of the overall field of study of business management. Based on this the decisions are taken into account. The investors trust, the availability of the raw material, the supply chain network working, and the stakeholders trust and confidence all are invested in the location layout. This requires thorough investigation of the kind of area in which the business plan is initiated. Advertising and promotional campaign: Advertising process serves as the heart of the overall business plan and business activity. It allows for establishing contact with the customers. Advertising may be conducted prior to the project initiation, during the course of project. Advertising creates awareness amongst the masses with regard to the kind of product or service so provided (Pinson, 55). Financial Plan: Financial plan is covered in the budget domain, however it largely reflects upon the overall expenditure and the amount of capital that will be invested in the different areas and the amount that may be frozen or reserved for the long term businesses and latter parts of the business activities (Luc Bernier and Potter, 55). Keeping the cash flow in control and preventing any excessive flow of money on one particular domain with compromise and strangulating of resources in the other category marks up for the imbalance in the activities and as a result negative impact on the overall business plan and activity so undertaken (OBerry, 65). Past trends assessment: Past trends assessment is another area that needs to be taken into account. The responses, the experience of a given brand, business or the organization in a given place and surrounding also impacts the future trends and investment decisions. Inventory assessment: It is being said that the amount of inventory stored reflects upon the overall positive or negative health of the business and organization. Therefore it is highly imperative assessing the inventory in a calculated manner. Making sure that the level of inventory does not obstruct the business plan and activity and at the same time, it should also be ensured that sufficient amount of backup is available in order to provide for the customers demand in the rush season or any other opportunity that may arise (Tallo, 462). Goals determination: Goals determination is important towards the right path tracking and following. Goals may be clustered out as the short term goals or the medium to long term goals. Goals allow following the pattern in a desired manner and reaching the milestones in a comprehensive manner. The presence of goals makes it easier and removes uncertainty in terms of the path to be followed and the objectives to be accomplished. Other Initial pre requisites: Regardless of the type, scope, and size of business, the first and foremost factor that needs to be taken into account is to know what is to be created. This area is covered in the objectives part of the business activity. Declaring the objectives of the business is one of the most critical and important part that is to be assessed in the earlier phases. Following the conventional business model: A business model contains set of variables and elements that make up for the basic elements in terms of success of a business so undertaken. Out of many basic elements and prerequisites, the availability of the experts team or the think tank unit that allows making the decisions in a critically professional manner make up for the essential ingredient of the overall business so initiated. The presence and availability of the experts team ensures large percentage reduction in the errors and mistakes that would otherwise be committed by the unit of unprofessional and unskilled workers or policy makers. The skilled employees and the expert team at the top level enable coming up with the creative ideas which in turn makes it possible thinking out of the box and hence more productive output and product. Goals and Objectives definition: Clearly drawn out goals and objectives help the overall business activity in multiple ways. The goals and objectives in a way provide a demo and sample pattern for the entire project and business and allows the tasks to be executed in a desired manner. The goals and objectives help knowing what to do, when to do and how to do. It at the same time helps avoiding all the negative factors that impact the company and the businesses negatively, such as what not to do, and how to avoid a given situation or given condition which would make the overall life and business undertaking easier in its outlook and execution. Importance of business plan: Business plan gives direction, guidance, and assessment of the steps to be taken. Business plan serves as the bench mark towards the goals to be accomplishment. Business plan also allows enables the outsiders understanding the goals and objectives of the company or business so undertaken. Integrating Business management techniques: A business activity may be divided into various categories and sections in terms of the professionally undertaken objectives and planning processes. The business management scheme includes set of variables that allow executing the business successfully. These include planning, organizing, staffing, controlling and administrating. Each of these functions is equally important and none of them can be ignored for the purpose of prioritization or characterization in terms of being more important to relatively less important. Planning: Planning the overall project is an integral part of the project. This may pertain the initial stage planning known as the pre planning process; the second phase may include planning with regard to the feasibility planning. The third part of planning domain may include planning in each domain of the project. Planning may also include planning with regard to budget, phase wise assessment, layout design planning, feasibility report planning, planning processes, product planning, manufacturing planning or any other kind of planning associated with the life of a project in a direct or indirect manner. Staffing: This pertains to assigning members and finding the employees and work unit who will undertake the business plan and action. The basic rule applies in this form which is that of recruiting the right kind of person to the right kind of environment. The wise decisions so made at this stage will allow success in the future prospects of the business activity. Absence of the right kind of personnel in the right areas lead to the failure of the project and overall objectives set forth. The staffing process may be accomplished through the effective presence of the think tank and other experts on the field of business and project activities who initiate and make decisions in a timely manner. Leading: Leading pertains to administering over the project and business activity. This may include the direct or the indirect manner and pattern in which the leading process may be initiated. Leading pertains to the scope of leadership and the importance of leadership towards the business and project so undertaken castes a direct impact on the overall activity and outcome of the project. Leaders are like the captains of the ship who steer them and guide them employees through to the right models, right patterns right decisions and right actions in a completely comprehensive way. Like any other part and activity of the project and business, the successful implementation of leadership allows achieving the objectives (Simon, 238). Organizing: Organizing is another important aspect of the field of business management. It pertains to putting the set of variables of the project into shape and ensuring each component works to its own capacity and own duty. Organizing may pertain to administering over and creating alliance and coherence between the activities, the tasks, the schedule, the employees, the goals and objectives, the deliverables and the input and the output. Ensuring that the internal departments within the organization are aligned and mutually intact with the goals set forth and the mission and objective of the entire business plan makes up for the organizing function in a given business and activity so undertaken (Chatterjee, 36). Timing of activities: Timing is one of the most important factors and elements that determine the overall outcome of the project. Based on the support and fact that each of the activity needs to be undertaken in its due time, therefore timing determination and drawing of the line with regard to business plan is highly important. The aforementioned factors are nearly part of any business plan and action initiated. These may make up for the business book rules and disciplinary actions and instructions. There are many more practical and necessary to understand points and factors that must be taken into account and regard while initiating a project and business activity. The following are few of those factors. Practical viability: Ensuring that the project and business so undertaken is practically viable makes up for one of the most important prerequisites to be taken into account while starting a project. Certain set of variables and conditions are to be taken into account and tested for while assessing and addressing this domain. This includes the following areas consideration (Hayes, 242). Geographical consideration: A given business may be initiated only after it is ensured that the geographical factors and considerations are taken into account. Presenting and initiating a project that may be contrary to the type of weather, the people, and the geography of a given place will lead to the direct failure of the business so initiated. Cultural context: Culture plays an important role upon the minds of people who make decisions with regard to the purchase of a product or service so offered. Any business so initiated must be done so only after the clear and broader assessment of the cultural context. Making sure that the cultural aspects are critically assessed and no such business or activity is initiated that will hurdle or hurt the sentiments of the locals in that area, only then must a business plan be practically executed (Daft and Marcic, 93). For example, there are number of businesses that may not be practically viable in the Eastern part of the world, namely Asia and other Middle East countries subject to the kind of culture, religion and other affiliations and restrictions those individuals set upon themselves. The alcoholic beverages are mostly prohibited for sale in the Muslim countries across the Asian continent. In case any business partners were to start any business activity as such, they must ensure that the following and cultural context and reservations are taken into account. Infrastructure presence: Infrastructure presence pertains to assessing and evaluating whether the desired business plan will be feasible to implement in the given area and domain. Infrastructure presence and assessment pertains to assessing the feasibility determination in terms of the compatible factors and other resources that are needed for a project while it is being initiated. The following are few of the basic elements and variables that are to be taken into account while determining the infrastructure presence (Milutinovic). Transportation consideration: Transportation pertains to the availability of the means of transport. This implies to the local transport and the assess of the supporters and the goods and items delivering clients and agencies. Another factor that entails the importance of transport is the availability with regard to the employers from the local region who may have to come to the site of installation and the plant from different parts of the suburbs and city within. Any kind of business that is initiated has a given set of deadline for each step. This includes the initial stage setup time, the middle stages and the completion stages. All of these are subject to the timing variable. The variable of timing is one important factor and determining element towards the overall outcome of the project and business activity. Communication: Communication is an agent that is directly reflective upon the success or failure of a given organization or given business plan. Communication and in essence of the human interaction is largely important towards successful undertaking of the tasks and objectives such as normal routine activities, talking and much more (Hartley and Bruckmann, 1). Subject to the maturity stage of any project and business, timing is highly critical and it allows the business to propel accordingly. Two Sample business models and patterns: The first business model and business activity is that of Food chain: A food chain is to be established. This will include the decisions to be taken with regard to the type of food to be served, the type of environment, the ambiance, the budget, the surroundings, the political landscape, the transportation factors, the customers purchase power, the investors interests, the supply chain mechanism, the presence of effective means of communication, the man power, the work force, the capital, the government fund and support, the overall planning undertaken initially and many more factors that are to be taken before initiating the project formally. People’s living style: The people’s living style in a given area where the food chain is being established is highly important. This leads to the determination with regard to the urban and rural divide and distinction in the different parts of the world. It is clearly evident that the rural parts of the world do not tend to promote or encourage or make use of the fast foods as such. As a result, the fast foods are the direct item to be sold and presented in the urban markets. The urban part of the country comprises of the people who are lovers of the fast food, who have little time preparing their own meals and who will take the food to their work places in the form of hospitals, banks, service industries and many similar places. This makes the fast foods the best place and best recipe item for the urban parts of the country. Secondly, within the urban part of the city, targeting the right corners and right areas is also important towards the overall fact of ensuring that the project undergoes successfully and effectively. Making sure that the business is not just isolated to the residential areas, schools, or colleges, rather ensuring that the location is placed in such an area that is central to the main paths of the urban place. Budget evaluation and assessment: Budget assessment is one of the vital parts of the overall project activity. Budget allows assessing the total expenditure and capital that is needed to be invested in the different areas of the business plan. The budget should have clearly determined wages of the employees, the transportation charges and expenditure clearly chalked out which will include ensuring the timely availability of the resources. Arranging for the building construction, providing for a healthy environment and other basic elements associated with the fast food business must also be given due consideration with regard to the budget evaluation and declaration. Availability of the kind of items and services provided: A business plan related to food chain project must ensure that the kind of food so offered is available in the town and easily accessible. For example, the sea food may be available to places that have the sea near them. Or the transportation means are easily available that can ensure timely and efficient delivery of the items and products. Undertaking survey: Survey pertains to the aims regarding the purpose determination of the people’s taste and desire for the kind of food they may like. The survey is conducted prior to the initiation of the project with aims of ensuring that the items so provided are in line with the demands of the people. Surveys may be conducted across different parts of the city and town where the intended food chain or any other service is being offered. Inventory: In the case of the fast food chain and the food items to be provided, inventory is to be kept at minimum level. Since the food items need to be kept fresh, therefore timely and often twice a day deliveries are to be ensured. Stocking up items in the food domain and industry will be considered as a practice of hoarding and at the same time result in the poor quality of services in form of un-fresh food items being provided. Goals setting in terms of the fast food business: In the domain of fast food industry, the goals should be divided into two to three categories and phases. The first phase should include ensuring the smooth launch of the fast food chain. The second phase of the goal accomplishment should ensure stepping into the market as the profit making and customer needs fulfillment categorized business and fast food chain. In the third phase which may be the long term goals determination and accomplishment phase, the goals should include becoming the market forerunners in terms of the quality and type of food and services being provided. 2nd type of business: The second type of business is associated with the Electronic and Technology hardware support system. This also includes the Information System and Technology enabled solutions providing and system devices. Critical considerations: While the fast food practices may be relatively common and may not need the use of the state of the art technology, the establishment of the business activity on the lines of information technology brings along number of variables and factors that need to be ensured. The following are few of the basic distinctive requirements of the Information technology based field which may not be associated with any other kind of business activity. Expertise availability: Given the technical nature of the business, the need is to have the presence of skilled and expert unit that will allow for executing the plans. In this particular type of business so undertaken the individual business enterprise will not only need to take the services of the business executives but the experts from the field of Information and Technology. In comparison and contrast to the fast food chain establishment, the I.T support system and products selling will require different kind of business budget assessment. It requires providing for the work stations, switches, hubs, routers, monitors, plasma screens, other input, output devices, projectors and many more items of digital use in the modern times. These will require extensive expenditure with regard to the high rates and costs of these items (Plowman, 87). While initiating such business, it should be kept in mind that the supply of these products is easily available and feasible to the desired city and station where this setup is being established. Creating the website: The I.T based support systems are often provided with the website creation. The websites have become the modern trend and allow for direct interaction with the clients. Online orders booking and allowing the clients to get a preview of the services, the products and the information availability are few of the options that are available and made use of through the website. The budget should contain dedicated part for the website creation; expertise hiring and the website maintenance are few of the factors and areas to be assessed for while evaluating the budget. Departments’ creation: Different departments are needed to be created in the business related to the information system network. These will include the top management, the technical staff, the middle management, the lower staff, the assistants, the expertise, the think tank, the policy makers and other units. The customer relationship unit and the customer care office and branch are other two areas of importance towards the team and departments creation. If the size of the business is relatively large, a R&D based sub department will always help the cause and allow the workers, the experts and team of individuals working towards the cause of improved outlook of the business and something creative at the end of the day. Assembling the team: Software skilled team Hardware support team Decision making unit team Customer relationship unit team Service provider team Repair unit staff Miscellaneous staff Documentation: Documentation and written procedures are part of the every professional and clearly undertaken business activity. Documentation helps in number of ways. It helps towards the guidelines following initially, it helps in re assessing the overall performance and functions. And most importantly it serves as the parameter for the audit and analysis at the end of each project and business so undertaken. The overall assessment becomes much more easy and flexible through the presence of documented procedures. Dedicated work force should be employed and enforced who narrate and write down the details in every step of the project and activity undertaken. Documentation phase is associated with the proposal writing, standard operating procedures and other formal means and methods. Conclusion: Regardless of the type of business undertaken, the critical analysis of the scope and field of business revealed that number of factors such as professionalism, quality, in time functions, deliverable determination, standard operating procedures determination and business plan drafting are few of the many necessary elements that constitute a professionally undertaken business activity. Furthermore, stepwise actions are necessary for making a business successful. Encouragement of the employees into challenging their own thinking, their surroundings and their own abilities make up for improved working environment and more prosperous outcomes form the business. Each of the aforementioned function and element is highly important towards constituting a successful business plan and business activity. Use of scientific means and methods is another need for ensuring the successful business operations in the long term. References: Abrams, Rhonda. The Successful Business Plan: Secrets & Strategies. The Planning Shop, 2003 Battersby, Gregory J., Leonard T. Nuara and Charles W. Grimes. Drafting Internet Agreements. Aspen Publishers Online, 2010 Chatterjee, Baisham. Organization Development: Developing the Processes and Resources for High-Tech Businesses. iUniverse, 2011 Covello, Joseph A. and Brian J. Hazelgren. Complete Book of Business Plans: Simple Steps to Writing Powerful Business Plans. Sourcebooks, Inc, 2006 Daft, Richard and Dorothy Marcic. Understanding Management. Cengage Learning, 2010 DeThomas, Art and Stephanie A. Derammelaere. Writing a Convincing Business Plan. Barrons Educational Serie, 2008 Freeman, Marsha. Standard Operating Procedures for All Dentists. SOPs Press, 2004 Hartley, Peter and Clive Bruckmann. Business Communication. Routledge, 2008 Hayes, Greg. A Practical Guide to Business Valuations for SMEs. CCH Australia Limited, 2009 Hill, Gerard M. The Complete Project Management Methodology and Toolkit. CRC Press, 2009 Luc Bernier and Evan H. Potter. Business Planning in Canadian Public Administration. Institute of Public Administration of Canada,, 2001 Milutinovic, Veljko. Mastering E-Business Infrastructure. Springer Science & Business Media, 2003 Kumar, S. Anil. Entrepreneurship Development. New Age International, 2003 Oortwijn, Maud. International business, the critical success factors in practice. Lulu.com, 2012 OBerry, Denise. Small Business Cash Flow: Strategies for Making Your Business a Financial Success. John Wiley & Sons, 2007 Pinson, Linda. Anatomy of a Business Plan: A Step-by-step Guide to Building the Business and Securing Your Companys Future. aka associates,, 2008 Pfister, Robert E. and Patrick T. Tierney. Recreation, Event, and Tourism Businesses: Start-up and Sustainable Operations. Human Kinetics, 2008 Plowman, Brian. Activity Based Management: Improving Processes and Profitability. Gower Publishing, Ltd, 2001 Sahai. Entrepreneurship. Excel Books India, 2008 Simon, Hermann. Hidden Champions of the Twenty-First Century: The Success Strategies of Unknown World Market Leaders. Springer Science & Business Media, 2009 Steiss, Alan W. Strategic Management for Public and Nonprofit Organizations. CRC Press, 2003 Tallo. Business Organisation And Management. Tata McGraw-Hill Education,, 2007 Westland, Jason. The Project Management Life Cycle: A Complete Step-by-step Methodology for Initiating, Planning, Executing & Closing a Project Successfully. Kogan Page Publishers, 2007 Read More