Home Protection Alarms in Homeowners within the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea - Dissertation Example

? Analyse consumer behaviour of subscription- based home protection alarms in homeowners within the Royal borough of Kensington and Chelsea, London, UK. Is it feasible for TL Detect to move into this new market? Table of Contents Table of Contents 2 Chapter 1: Introduction 3 1.1 Research Questions, Aim and Objectives 5 1.2 Sub Research Questions 6 1.3 Research Objectives 6 Chapter 3: Literature Review 7 3.1 Introduction 7 3.2 Burglary, Security System & Consumer Behaviour 7 Chapter 4: Research Methodology 11 4.1 Ethnography 11 4.2 Sampling Strategy 12 Chapter 1: Introduction Strom et al. (2010) pointed out that private security has become increasing concern for people across the globe with the increase of crime rate. Strom et al. (2010) argued that private security for home should cover all the aspect of home security such as protective measures from break out, burglary, fire etc. In modern days, private security companies offer comprehensive ranges of security products in order to ensure safety to home owners. According to Strom et al. (2010), security companies handle the private security issues in systematic manner such as investigating the existing security system, finding out existing security loopholes, making security contract with home owners, installing the state of art security technology and provide the after sales service. Strom et al. (2010) also argued that companies integrate the information technology support with the security system in order to offer customizable and precise private security systems. In such context, Gillespie et al. (2009) found that demand for security alarm system among UK residents has increased in significant manner over the course of last three years. Gillespie et al. (2009) indicated that increase in no. burglary and theft cases in UK is probably the reason behind panic reaction of UK residents. Now, the fact is that very few researchers conducted research on understanding consumer behaviour regarding subscription- based home protection alarms within the Royal borough of Kensington and Chelsea, London, UK; hence, the researcher is bound to face difficulties to search literature on the topic. In such context, the researcher has decided to use literature which had covered more or less similar topic but in different geographical context. It is evident from the argument of Strom et al. (2010) that consumer behaviour regarding security alarm system is under researcher area and according to limited knowledge of the researcher, no previous scholar ever tried to shed light on consumer behaviour regarding subscription- based home protection alarms within the Royal borough of Kensington and Chelsea, London, UK. Hence, there are scopes exist for the researcher to shed light on under researched area of the home alarm industry in UK and also bring insights which have commercial values. Fischer and Green (2004) pointed out that there are three types of alarm systems such as, 1- burglar (intrusion) alarms; 2- special?use alarms and 3- fire alarms which can be used by home owners to get protection. Fire alarms are being used to provide protection to home owners for fire breakout or the alarm flows water in sprinkler manner after the heat resistance level is being crossed. On the other hand, burglar alarms are being used to give signal of unauthorized entry of individual and home owners can take protective measures to prevent such unauthorized entry. Special alarms are being use to provide warning regarding presence of toxic material in the environments and in some cases, special alarms can even detect absurd rise of temperature (Fischer and Green, 2004). Although, UK residents are quite familiar with the use of special?use alarms and fire alarms, but the key focus of the research paper is to shed light on subscription based home protection alarm system hence discussion special?use alarms and fire alarms is being excluded. What is the primary function of burglar alarm system? Well, the question might seem bit cliche but answer to the question is not simple because with the modernization of technology, security companies are increasing functions of burglar alarm system. Hence, it can be said modern security alarm system tries to cover all the probable burglary threats and the system is still evolving. Fischer and Green (2004) pointed out that primary objective of burglar alarm system will never change and the purpose is to identify breakout or unauthorized entry of intruders. Careful analysis of the research works of Boba (2005 and 2001) reveals the fact that a security alarm of a burglar alarm is being developed by three components such as detection devices, control unit, and reporting device. Taking help of the research work of Bowers and Johnson (2003), it can be said that detection devices are being connected with the electrical circuit of control panel in the residence of home owners and the device is designed in order to detect intruders trying to enter the house without any authorization. On the other hand, control devices are being designed in order to receive signals from the power sensors and after receiving the response, control unit communicates the signal to reporting device. In such context, reporting unit of the alarm sends audio message/visuals to the home owners after receiving the signal. Generally, all the burglar alarm systems follow the above mentioned triangular approach but there are alarm systems, which can directly communicate with the local police authority (Boba, 2005 and 2001). Research work of Fischer and Green (2004) reveals the fact that there are different types of burglar alarm system such as, alarm that reports to central stations, alarms that reports to police stations and alarm that reports to home owner. Office for National Statistics (2013) reported that cases of theft, burglary, snatches have been increased after the recession had hit the country and growing rate of unemployment and lack of literacy among lower segment of the society are conjointly increasing financial pressure on people. In such condition, certain section of the society and young people are taking using burglary or theft as the easy way to earn money. This research paper is not intended to investigate criminal psychology hence understanding reasons for doing the burglary is the beyond the scope of this dissertation. Office for National Statistics (2013) also reported rise of crime regarding burglary and theft cases in the area of Royal borough of Kensington and Chelsea, London, UK. Due to rise of crime in UK, people are asking for more customized home alarm system and security companies also started offering subscription based home alarm system to customers But, till date, no researchers have tried to research on consumer behaviour regarding subscription based home alarm system. Hence, the researcher has decided to conduct research on the topic and shed light on factors that might influence subscription decision of consumers. This research paper is not only designed in order to satisfy academic research problems but the paper has commercial aspect too. TL Detect, which is renowned security solution provider located in Sweden, has been selected as the sample organization. Finding of this research paper will be used to prepare feasibility report TL Detect regarding their decision to enter private home security industry of Royal borough of Kensington and Chelsea, London, UK. The researcher will use academic journals and commercial papers in order to justify the findings. The researcher will bank on quantitative research methodology backed by sample survey in order to understand behaviour of people in Royal borough of Kensington and Chelsea when it comes to subscription of security alarm system. Consumer behaviour regarding security products can be linked with the fear and personal anxiety regarding burglary and in this case, the researcher has the scope to integrate some psychological theories in order to understand the consumer behaviour regarding security alarm in precise manner. Research questions in the paper can be briefed in the following manner; 1.1 Research Questions, Aim and Objectives The research will be guided by the following general research questions: i. What are the consumer behaviours of subscription- based home protection alarms in homeowners within the RBKC? ii. Which are the market and compliance issues that integrate subscription- based home protection alarms? iii. What are the key drivers of increased consumer needs for the subscription- based home protection alarms? The research aims and objectives are purposely intended to help the researcher in developing the research methodology and develop an important literature review in understanding the topic to enhance the effectiveness of the study. The above questions are designed in order to get a clear picture about the needs and wants of homeowners within the RBKC regarding security alarm system and check whether there is any scope exist for subscription based home alarm or not? The result of the study will help TL Detect to understand viability of UK market entry strategy. The research topic is related to conjoint interaction between various dependent and independent variables and in such context, scope of this research can be increased by incorporating following sub-research questions. 1.2 Sub Research Questions i. How does competition affect the consumers behaviour of subscription-based home alarm systems; ii. In which way(s) does market response affect the integration of the subscription- based home protection alarms? iii. How has consumer needs been driven by the desire to use the subscription- based home protection alarms? 1.3 Research Objectives i) To demonstrate the consumers’ behaviour in subscription-based home alarms. ii) To examine the compliance and market issues in integrating subscription- based home alarms. iii) To explain the consumer buying habits and risks associated with subscription - based home alarm within the market. It is evident from the above mentioned research objectives that there is definitive and measurable purpose exist for this research and the researcher needs to identify the relationship between variables in quantitative manner. In such context, the researcher will develop theoretical frame work of the research problem by using existing literature on the topic and then analyze the relationship between variables in measurable manner. In the next section, the researcher will describe the business matrix of TL Detect in order to understand product offering and competitive advantage of Sample Company. Chapter 3: Literature Review 3.1 Introduction Kim et al. (2009) pointed out that demand for private security deployment among home owners in recent years and the home alarm industry is also witnessing the growth. Kim et al. (2009) also stated that home security alarm system runs on the basic platform of authorization which provides safety and privacy protection to home owners. In additional cases, private security system providers offer full system integration which increases the safety measures for home owners to further extent. Careful consideration of the research works of Kim et al. (2009) reveals the fact there can be different types of security systems for residents such as, 1- Professional alarm installation, 2- Wireless alarm, 3- Hard wired alarm systems, 4- Bells-only alarm and DIY alarm (Do-it-Yourself) etc. Authentication is probably the most important part in security system which can guaranty home security network services. Kim et al. (2009) stated that most of the security systems are based on system automation and customers prefer self authorization of the security alarm system in order to change the security settings in customized manner. It is evident from the research works of Kim et al. (2009) that customers also look for high level of customization of the security alarm setting due to their fear of burglary. What makes residents fear about burglary or crime? To answer this question, the researcher will dig deep on the research works of previous research scholars regarding burglary or security threat and impact of such crimes on consumer behaviour in the next section. 3.2 Burglary, Security System & Consumer Behaviour It is evident from the research works of Sorensen (2004a and 2004b) that burglary or theft is not location specific incident and such events occur in regular basis in different parts of the globe. Sorensen (2005 and 2003) pointed out in most of the cases, people get influenced by the news of burglary and theft and they install security systems as prevention measures. Hwang (2006) stated that limited literature exist which have precisely defined the relationship between crime fear and consumer subscription intention to security products; hence, it is difficult to gather previous research work on the topic. According to Hwang (2006), humans are social element and from the dawn of the civilization, human always tried to stay in group in order to get support from other social members while in distress. Although, Hwang (2006) conducted research on Korean people who face more cultural homogeneity in contrast to people of UK, but found that the idea of social belongingness has changed over the course of time and due to rise of urbanisation, dependency of people on neighbourhood has decreased. Hwang (2006) stated that western countries like UK lacks in social controls and people in UK are far more individualistic in nature. In such context, the community integration model might not decrease the fear of crime or burglary. Jeong (2007) found that there is significant amount of correlation exist between people’s fear of crime and interaction between social control factors. Jeong (2007) failed find any relationship between community policing and decrease in fear of crime; which means that, people’s fear regarding burglary might or might not be influenced by presence of police in the community. Another fact is that, community policing system such as juvenile delinquency prevention activities or external police support to handle minor crime incidents in neighbourhood exist in UK for more than 100 years hence the model might not be able to decrease fear of burglary among residents of UK. Jeong (2007) found that perception of incivilities has been decreased among urban population due to globalization and liberalization of economy and in such cases, fear for burglary crime is bound to increase. Careful consideration of research works of Cromwell and Olson (2004) reveals the fact that people in developed nations perceive burglary as unwanted incident which can create personal harm for them such as loss of property, loss of valuable possession, physical injury, physical harm to family members, property destruction etc. Any of the above mentioned activities can generate safety need among residents and people start searching for solutions to get rid of this fear. Another aspect is that, due to urbanization and radical change in social value system, people started believing in discrete social security model rather than believing in a society, where neighbourhood is ready to give them safety. It is evident from the research work of Renauer (2007) and Robinson et al. (2003) that consumer behaviour regarding security products is driven by mainly three factors such as, 1- fear of insecurity and lack of trust on neighbourhood policing, 2- lack of trust on ability of local police to protect them at 24*7 manner and 3- to take security measures in self driven manner in order to ensure safety. Van Den Bogaerde and Van den Steen (2006) also pointed out the fear of individual safety has increased manifold in last 20 years due to various global events and outbreak of untameable criminal activities. Office for National Statistics (2013) reported that crime incidents in London and surrounding areas have increased manifold in recent years and assigning any single cause for such increase in crime rate would not be right practices. But, the fact is that fear of crime and fear of private security is increasing among residents in London and they are searching for a system which can protect their lives, property and family. Van Den Bogaerde and Van den Steen (2006) also pointed out that people felt the urge for installing private security system after realizing the fact that their life is increasingly becoming insecure. It is evident from the above discussion that consumer behaviour regarding subscription of home alarm system is directed by the urge of securing life and property from burglars. Goossens (2006) stated that people often ready to pay extra money to get best quality security but such assumption varies with value of the object that needs security protection. In such context, Goossens (2006) found that people take burglary and theft as serious threat and often ready to pay more for achieving the best quality security system which can protect their personal property. It is evident from the research works of previous research scholars that consumer behaviour regarding subscription based home alarm system is directed by complex psychology regarding personal safety; hence the traditional product marketing might not predict such kind of consumer behaviour in 100% accurate manner. Anderson and Simester (2003) and Allen and Dare (2004) stated that there are two aspects of any product, 1- quality and application of the product and 2- price paying by the consumer for achieving the benefits. Taking help of the argument of Anderson and Simester (2003), it can be said that UK based subscribers of burglar and security alarms are going to check the benefits offered by the alarm in contrast to subscription fees. Bizer and Petty (2002) and Coulter (2001) pointed out that price of the product often influence the purchasing decision of customers. It has been previously discussed that people might be ready to pay extra amount for a security product depending on its quality but as mentioned by Bizer and Petty (2002), price of the product should be competitive enough to fetch attraction of customers. In such context, private security service providers should think about selecting a competitive price offering to attract customers. According to Association of British Insurer (2012), UK home owners need to pay low premium if they have proper home security protection and insurance companies perceive installation of burglar alarm system as de-risking measures taken by home owners. In such context, there are possibilities that home owners might calculate the overall cost benefits such as, 1- low premium to insurance company, 2- discount in annual maintenance contract and 3- decrease in cost of installation of use and throw alarm systems etc while subscribing for burglar or security alarm system. Schindler and Chandrashekaran (2004) and Thomas and Morwitz (2005) argued that most of the people judge a product from its utilitarian benefits and price is being compared with the perceived benefits. In similar context, Ge (2002) and Sahadev and Jayachandran (2004) highlighted the fact people tend to understand perceived benefits in detailed manner in context to level of association with the product. According to Sahadev and Jayachandran (2004), people give more attention close associated products like property, car and other high value material. As the customers subscribe burglar or security alarm for protecting closely associated products hence it can be surmised that they would be interested about detail benefits of home security products. Monroe (2005, pp.199-212) defined price sensitivity of customers as ‘mental trade-off between the quality and benefits they perceive in the product relative to the sacrifice they perceive by paying the price.”Assumptions of Monroe (2005) might hold true for residents of Royal borough of Kensington and Chelsea (RBKC), London but validity of such assumptions needed to be tested. In the data analysis section, the researcher will test the assumptions with the help of quantitative technique. But, careful consideration of the report of Association of British Insurer (2012) reveals the fact that people in UK perceive being insured as essential part of life. According to Association of British Insurer (2012), majority of UK residents prefer to take home insurance in order to get financial support during the time of distress such as catastrophe, accidents, burglary etc. Hence, it can be surmised that these customers who are so much concerned about home security would think about subscribing security alarm or burglar alarm contracts. Above assumptions cannot be classified as valid until validating them through quantitative research. Hence, the researcher will conduct survey on residents of RBKC in order to validate the above assumptions. Ge (2002) stated that customers compare the perceived benefits with the price of the product and the scholar gave sufficient examples to validate the claim. Now, the question is that whether residents of RBKC go for subscription of security or burglar alarm system on the basis cognitive evaluation of benefits? To answer the question, the researcher will need to conduct survey on residents of RBKC in order to answer the question. It is not easy to understand what exact factors create drive among respondents to go for subscription of security alarm but the researcher will try to focus on specific exogenous factors in order to answer the research questions in convincing manner. Chapter 4: Research Methodology 4.1 Ethnography Ramazanoglu and Holland (2002) pointed out that researchers tend to focus on construction, negotiation and contestation of identities while doing ethnographic research and in most of the cases, they use ethnography as the source medium to understand the social and cultural background of the respondent. From social contextual perspective, ethnography has direct linkage with the social positioning of the respondent. Fechter (2003) pointed out that there are possibilities that the researcher may get biased due to his/her personal belief while selecting particular methodological orientation of ethnography. Fechter (2003, p.1) defined epistemological conflict in ethnographic research as ‘aware of processes [such as colonialism and hierarchical power relationships] and [to] trace their implications’. Ramazanoglu and Holland (2002) showed doubt on the claim that ethnography is a part of scientific research because, according to these research scholars, ethnography is generally used in order to measure socially embedded aspect of the problem in qualitative manner. A researcher uses his/her values, ontology, epistemology, axiology, prejudices while doing the ethnographic research and in such context, there are possibilities exist that the researcher might view the problem in neutral manner. Hence, one must be careful while doing ethnographic research and prefer to avoid subjective questions during the course of interview of respondents. It is evident from the argument of Fechter (2003) that ethnography is strongly influenced by the juncture of anthropology while in most of the cases management scholars lack the knowledge of anthropology to conduct ethnographic research in efficient manner. Fechter (2003) pointed out that individuals possess bicultural identity which was directed by the extent of fabric of cultural-politics and socio-demographic disposition. In this research paper, the researcher will conduct ethnographic interview of ex branch manager of a renowned insurance company and CEO of TL Detect. Conducting ethnographic interview will help the researcher to gather perception of a mid level management employee of a insurance company regarding benefits of installing security alarm while interview excerpts from the CEO of TL Detect will help the researcher to understand future business strategy of the company. The researcher will use open ended questions to design the ethnographic interview and using open ended questions will help the respondents to state their perception in independent manner. Such free flowing expression of respondents is needed in this paper in order to analyze research problems in qualitative manner. However, the researcher will follow some axiological criteria associated with ethnographic interview such as, 1- do not try to influence expression of respondents by asking predictive questions, 2- do not try to ask subjective questions and 3- do not ask questions which can hurt the value system of respondents (Gray, 2009; Davies, 2007). 4.2 Sampling Strategy Saunders, Lewis and Thornhil (2007 and 2009) and Creswell (2009) pointed out that researchers should decide sampling strategy before conducting research for gathering primary data. The researcher has selected 2 respondents for ethnographic research purely on the basis of importance but proper sampling strategy has been used for close ended survey. The researcher has used convenience sampling as part of non probabilistic technique in order to select sample. 30 house hold in the area of RBKC has been selected as per convenience of the researcher and house owners of these 30 residences will be the respondents in the study. Curwin and Slater (2008) pointed out that selecting convenience sampling helps time and cost of the researcher to conduct primary research. But, certain limitations are associated with convenience sampling process such as, 1- sample size might not reflect the behaviour of entire population in exact manner, 2- subjective judge of the sample population might create type 1 error during analysis. To avoid these errors, the researcher will check the validity of responses in context to existing literature and available secondary sources. The researcher will also check the statistical significance of responses in order to ensure reliability of the study and avoiding subjectivity will also help the researcher to get rid of some of the limitations. Reference List Allen, M. T. And Dare, W. H., 2004. The effects of charm listing prices on house transaction prices. Real Estate Economics, 32(4), pp. 695-713. Anderson, E. T. and Simester, D. I., 2003. Effect of $9 price endings on retail sales: Evidence from field experiments. Quantitative Marketing and Economics, 1(1), pp. 93-110. Association of British Insurer., 2012. Insurance Advice on Home Security. [pdf] Available at: [Accessed 6 September 2013]. Bizer, G. Y. and Petty, R. E., 2002. An implicit measure of price perception: Exploring the odd-pricing effect. Advances in Consumer Research, 29, pp. 220-1. Bizer, G. Y. and Petty, R. E., 2002. An implicit measure of price perception: Exploring the odd-pricing effect. Advances in Consumer Research, 29, pp. 220-1. Boba, R., 2001.  Introductory guide to crime analysis and mapping. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Justice, Community Oriented Policing Services.  Boba, R., 2005.  Crime analysis and crime mapping.  Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.  Bowers, K. J. and Johnson, S. D., 2003. Measuring the geographical displacement and diffusion of benefit effects of crime prevention activity. Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 19(3), pp. 275?301. Coulter, K. S., 2001. Odd-ending price underestimation: An experimental examination of left-to-right processing effects. Journal of Product & Brand Management, 10(5), pp. 276-92. Coulter, K. S., 2001. Odd-ending price underestimation: An experimental examination of left-to-right processing effects. Journal of Product & Brand Management, 10(5), pp. 276-92. Creswell J. W., 2009. Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. 3rd ed. California: Sage Publications. Cromwell, P. F. and Olson., J. N., 2004. Breaking and entering: Burglars on burglary. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth/Thomson.  Curwin, J. and Slater, R., 2008. Quantitative methods for business decisions. 6th ed. Andover: Cengage Learning EMEA. Davies, M. B., 2007. Doing a successful research project: Using qualitative or quantitative methods. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. Fechter, A., 2003. Cultures in the classroom: Teaching anthropology as a foreigner in the UK. Anthropology Matters Journal. 5(1), pp. 1-3. Fischer, R. J. and Green, G., 2004. Introduction to security. 7th ed.  Boston, MA: Elsevier.  Ge, Y. L., 2002. System dynamics for business modeling and policy making. Manchester School of Management, Manchester, doctoral dissertation. Ge, Y. L., 2002. System dynamics for business modeling and policy making. Manchester School of Management, Manchester, doctoral dissertation. Gillespie, L. D., Gillespie, W. J., Robertson, M. C., Lamb, S. E., Cumming, R. G. and Rowe, B. H., 2009. WITHDRAWN: interventions for preventing falls in elderly people. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 15(2), CD000340. Goossens, J., 2006. Communicatie en preventie van woninginbraak. Case Study Provincie Vlaams-Brabant (Communication and Prevention of Home Burglary. Case Study Province of Flemish-Brabant). Leuven: Faculty of Social Sciences. Gray, D. E., 2009. Doing research in the real world. 2nd ed. London: Sage Publications Ltd. Hwang, E., 2006. A multilevel test of fear of crime: the effect of social conditions, perceived community policing activities, and perceived risks of victimization in a megalopolis. Dissertation Abstracts International, 67(3990). Jeong, S., 2007. A study on the effect of interaction between community characteristics and police activities on fear of crime. Korean Journal of Social Issues, 7(2), pp. 43-73. Kim, G. W., Lee, D. G., Han, J. W., Lee, S. H. and Kim, S. W., 2009. Security technologies based on a home gateway for making smart homes secure. Internet Research, 19(2), pp. 209-226. Monroe, K., 2005. Pricing: Making profitable decisions. 3rd ed. New York NY: McGraw-Hill. Office for National Statistics., 2013. Crime Statistics, period ending March 2013. [online] Available at: [Accessed 7 September 2013]. Ramazanoglu, C. and Holland, J., 2002. Feminist methodology: Challenges and choices. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications. Renauer, B. C., 2007. Is neighborhood policing related to informal social control? Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management, 30(1), pp. 61-81. Robinson, J. B., Lawton, B. A., Talyor, R. B. and Perkins, D. D., 2003. Multilevel longitudinal impacts of incivilities: Fear of crime, expected safety, and block satisfaction. Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 19(3), pp. 237-74. Sahadev, S. and Jayachandran, S., 2004. Managing the distribution channels for high-technology products: A behavioural approach. European Journal of Marketing, 38(1/2), pp. 121-49. Saunders, M., Lewis, P. and Thornhil, A., 2007. Research methods for business students. 3rd ed. New Jersey: Pearson Education. Saunders, M., Lewis, P. and Thornhil, A., 2009. Research methods for business students. 4th ed. New Jersey: Pearson Education. Schindler, R. M. and Chandrashekaran, R., 2004. Influence of price endings on price recall: A by-digit analysis. Journal of Product & Brand Management, 13(7), pp. 514-24. Sorensen, D. W. M., 2003. The nature and prevention of residential burglary: A review of the international literature with an eye toward prevention in Denmark. Copenhagen, Denmark: Denmark’s Ministry of Justice. Sorensen, D. W. M., 2004a. Temporal patterns of Danish residential burglary: By month, day of week, and hour of day. Copenhagen, Denmark: Denmark’s Ministry of Justice. Sorensen, D. W. M., 2004b. Repeat burglary in the private Danish home: Extent, time course, and implications for prevention. Copenhagen, Denmark: Denmark’s Ministry of Justice. Sorensen, D. W. M., 2005. The absence of evidence concerning the effects of situational crime prevention on burglary – and Scandinavian prospects for improvement. Stockholm, Sweden: Scandinavian Research Council for Criminology. Strom, K., Berzofsky, M., Shook-Sa, B., Barrick, K., Daye, C., Horstmann, N. and Kinsey, S., 2010. The Private Security Industry: A Review of the Definitions, Available Data Sources, and Paths Moving Forward. [pdf] Available at: [Accessed 5 September 2013]. Thomas, M. and Morwitz, V., 2005. Penny wise and pound foolish: The left-digit effect in price cognition. Journal of Consumer Research, 32, pp. 54-64. Van Den Bogaerde, P. and Van den Steen, I., 2006. Veiligheidsmonitor 2006 – Safety monitor 2006. Brussels: Federale Politie. Read More