Darwin Theory of Natural Selection - Essay Example

?Exam 3 (Q According to Darwin, complex organ and instincts continues to be perfected. This occurs through continuous accumulation of many slightchanges, and each is good to individual. Due to this notion, Darwin made several postulates. Moreover, organs were said to have a slight variation in their degree. Additionally, struggle for existence occurs and leads to saving of character that seems profitable to the individual. Finally, the preserved character is favored to pass to the next generation. In addition, Darwin insight on the struggle of existence was also essential in the process of evolution. Darwin observed that, in the preservation of favored individual and races, there is constantly recurrent struggle for existence. Consequently, more individuals are born than there is the warranty for survival. This determines the individuals going to die and those going to survive. This also determines the species to increase in number and species that would decrease in number and eventually become extinct. Also in face of competition, those individual species that are strong or have an advantage are more likely to have the subsequent offspring’s. Darwin theory of natural selection can be said to be confusing. The arguments based on this theory are actually confusing and sometimes misleading. Firstly, there is confusion on whether living forms have, or have no evolutionary origin. Secondly, Darwin suggestion that natural selection is the main factor of evolution may not be true. These two themes as found in Darwin book are confusing and above all misleading when discussed together. Before Darwin work, most people believed in theory of creation. Darwin work on science changed this and is incompatible with creation theory. This led to most people to view scientist as atheist (Mille and Loon 130-142). Exam 3 (Q #2) Aristotle indeed is one of the ancient scientists. Aristotle work demonstrated scientific ideas, which proved worth at the time. However, not a modern biologist Aristotle fits in the description of a great biologist. This is obvious as he tries to explain various biological phenomenon using scientific ideas of the time. Aristotle work had many biological facts and he followed methods before jumping into conclusion. Aristotle stressed on importance of methods in scientific knowledge. Aristotle effort can be deduced from grouping of both plant and animal kingdom. Von Linne work still had the basis of Aristotle work. Therefore, Von Linne was also a true scientist based on description of living things. Species and genera are an important concept and a basis of biology. Linne ensured there was proper identification of plant and animal based in classification of both into genera and species. Binomial nomenclature used until today was Von Linne effort and therefore deserves full credit in science. Taxonomy is an important branch in biology and simplification of taxonomy by Von Linne was important to classification and identification of plant and animals. Lamarck contribution to evolution was also great. His work revolved around the theory of inheritance. LaMark idea on continuity of species was crucial to biological development. Species diversity was also part of Lamarck ideas as to development of species. Lamarck work though with discrepancies was a benefit to the naturalist on one important problem in the whole range of biological thought. These people would still be scientist today, the only limitations they had was lack of material and equipment that exist today. Exam 3 (Q #3) The sole purpose of science is to explain and describe all what surrounds us. The aim of science is to unearth the mystery of the world and tries to give meaning to worldly things and occurrences. Science does not believe in ambiguity and claims there is a reason for something existence. Science does not believe in ignorance of nature and the natural world. Science give meaning to trend of the world and foretell what is likely to happen or take place in future. Science is also a source of hope to the world and helps in focusing on information better to verify certain scenarios. In science a true picture of unseen things is developed. Science is also based on hypothesis and methods that are followed universally. Moreover, hypothesis in science must have a reasonable prove for them to be accepted as real. This is not a case in other subjects. Two other ways of knowing include humanities and social science. Social science as a way of knowing seeks to describe behaviors of human being. In this field, there is no hypothesis nor is there need for mandatory proof. Additionally, in humanities there is diverse opinion while contents and forms are different in any scenario. The two forms of knowing are contrary to science as they depend on opinion, certain values rather than evidence and testing as in science. Evolution laid a basis for explanation of the source of life and this has changed worldview about life. Evolution has also been used to explain differences in our life’s and various forms of resemblance. I have learnt the process of evolution is a continuous process and this enabled me to understand that major changes will take place in future. Exam 3 (Q #5) Global climate change may be the most significant challenge for us to solve during this century. Climate change is an issue that has been rampant in the world today. Actually, it affects the whole world in terms of ecology, economic and socially. Climate change has been taking place for a long time but the rate at which this is taking place today is quite alarming. Recently several scientific facts and evidence have been put forward for further analysis. Science acts in a way that facts are proved beyond reasonable doubt. The scientific factors include the emission of gas especially due to human activities as man engages in various forms of development. The effects of green house gases have been demonstrated in the last quarter of the century. They affect the transfer of infrared energy on earth atmosphere and this comes with considerable damage (Letcher 17-25). Accordingly, glaciers are found in various part of the world, their size correlates to weather condition in a particular period. Recently the glaciers appears to be diminishing at a higher rater and this shows how increased of earth temperature is going to affect the world in future (Letcher 72). Rise in sea level is worrying today and some countries are likely to become submerged in water and become extinct. Many countries on island are at a higher risk and those people in coastal areas. This is a result of increased volume of water due to heating by rising temperatures. The rate at which major deserts in then world are increasing in size is worrying. This is mainly attributed to rise in global temperature. The effects of climate change have been received differently in various part of the world. Actually, many developed countries fail to agree on remedies to climate change, as they remain suspicious on limitation to their economic development. Some countries have disagreed to commit themselves to various commitment meant to address the issue. Undeveloped countries appear to endure the most of climate change more frequently and they are calling for major world countries commitment. Exam 3 (Q #7) In science, it is believed that the force of gravity controls the location of certain things on earth and human being included. An idealist is always sure that a certain idea has a likelihood of happening or taking place. They believe that they only need to develop an idea and work on it. Therefore, in this scenario it will not be a wonder that as an idealist I will not be affected by occurrence of this scenario. An idealist will ask no question and instantly will believe that such an occurrence is common and it was only that it had not been tested. Moreover, rationalist beliefs in established aspect. A rationalist will be quick to discredit this scenario and will claim that is not possible in real world. A rationalist will claim that a certain force beyond our control was behind this scene. A rationalist will depend on concepts to establish idea behind this. An empiricist or skepticist will have to establish the reason for this scenario and engage in a process of coming up with a certain conclusion that is justifiable. Additionally, skeptics will develop a certain hypothesis and establish a method to be followed for deductions. If the hypothesis is supported by the outcome then the scenario is likely to occur in normal world. This is foundation of an empiricist. Scientifically this will be strange to me as this is against the force of gravity, as we know today. As far as science is involved it is either there was change in force of gravity at that particular scene. Work Cited Letcher, Trevor. Climate Change: Observed Impacts on Planet Earth. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2009. Print. Miller, Jonathan and Loon, Borin. “Darwin for Beginners.” New York: Pantheon Books, 2003. Print. Read More