Perspectives on Hominin Evolution - Essay Example

Hominin Evolution Paper Insert Insert In terms of geology, human beings were the youngest species. Measured by the duration records in the fossils revealed that the average lifespan of a mammal is approximately 10 million years. Around 7 million years ago, hominids have taken a separate evolutionary path in the fossil since their discoveries from the ape lineage have proved that Homo sapiens are the youngest. Due the rapid discovery of fossils, our knowledge in evolution is also changing drastically each year. Human being and apes were believed to share a common ancestor in the last thirty years ago and were maybe 16-30 million years ago. Through a combination of molecular and fossil findings, we have the consent that humans and chimpanzees went apart some 7 million years ago making our lineage is thick having very many generations that existed nearly the same time. Homo erectus In species, that was a comparison with other reigning earlier beings, which used a more improved variety of tools. Alternatively, the tools were very primitive because of the possibility of old was technology that was used as the first tools that were later improvised to Acheulean. The discovery of rafts to for travelling on the oceans was done in this hominid stage. Homo erectus proved that their gateway was through Asia to Europe due to the discovery of oldest recorded stone in Turkey 1.2 million years ago. The use of fire Possible proves that the early hominids used were revealed in East Africa Kenya in places such as Chesowanja near Lake Baringo, Koobi For and Olorgesailie. At the sites, the reddening of the sediments that only occur from heating at 200o- 400oc. The discovery of some microscopic charcoal, which only come as due to bushfire were a breakthrough in acknowledging the evolution. In some localities of Gadeb, Ethiopia pieces of welded tuff, which its appearance showed, that it was burned. In the Sociality perspective, it is believed that Homo erectus was the first to live in hunt-gatherer society. Neanderthals The early discovery was in Engis caves presently called Belgium in 1829 by Phillippe-Charles in Forbes’ Quarry. Neanderthals were affected by the glacial period it made species not to be famous. These fossils have not been found somewhere in Africa. The Mediterranean region was also considered to have fossil remains. Modern humans displaced them to the parts of Middle East where the climate is too cold because they better adapted to the biologically cold weather. During this period, Homo sapiens appeared to be the only human type in the Nile River Valley and south-west of Israel was known to be the habitation of the Neanderthals. The shifting of Neanderthals to the north along with the cold-adapted mammals, whenever the temperature rose. Modern people took competitive advantage over the Neanderthals when weather induced population shifts took place (African genesis: perspectives on Hominin evolution, 2012). The same trend continued until the Neanderthals were completely replaced despite proves of successful interbreeding. The anatomy of this hominid differ from modern humans their features were more robust and distinctive especially the cranium that bring aspects as it was deprived in Marcellin Boule especially in separate geographical regions. These features included shorter limb proportions, a wider barrel-shaped rib cage, reduced chin and a large nose. They were strong. Their eye light may have been better than that of modern humans this according to the recent study. Probably, they had a language but it was not understood more so; they made advanced tools, and they lived in complex groups. In one of the archaeological sites in eastern Ukraine it showed that they build habitats with using animal bones; mammoth skulls, jaws, tusks and bones that accommodated more than 25 people (African genesis: perspectives on hominin evolution, 2012). Wild Fluctuation of climate in about 55000 years ago from extreme cold conditions to mild and back in a matter of few decades causing. The Cold environment was a suite to Neanderthals bodies, but the fast weather fluctuations caused some ecological changes dong against the adaptation of the Neanderthals adaptation. Trees were replaced by grassland failing the ambush technique that is frequently used by the Neanderthals. The interbreeding concept considers the alternative extinction that Neanderthals were absorbed into the Cro-Magnon population. Part of the European genome descended from Neanderthals this as per the versions of recent Africa Origin implying this. Modern Homo sapiens For the 70,000 years that did pass, Homo sapiens were considered to have moved from the east of Asia. Southern Chinese, New Guinea, and other Micronesian population are the genetic markers of archaic human’s population found in a same pool of gene. The extinction of some animals in many regions resulted from migration of humans into new regions of the world (Human evolution: Hominin explorers were poor planners, 2014). Extermination of 135 species of mammals by hunters and gatherers played a part in the new world in the last 11,000 years. Among these are ¾ considering another huge breed of animals like the Mammoths, Mastodons and giants. Similar dramatic animal extinction was witnessed in New Zealand following the arrival of Aboriginal people in Australia and Polynesian. Dramatical acceleration of animal and plant distinction once again has been realised making the rate be stable. Rapid development in technology has allowed persons to move and exploit many areas of the world including the oceans. The scenario happened in African elephants and rhinoceros in the 20th century Proximity to water was the sole dependents by the early human settlements depending on lifestyles. Through the means of technology the break of habitat capacity is altered in humans, this might be through irrigation, urban planning, and construction, transport, manufacturing goods, deforestation and desertification. The Increase of material wealth, increasing thermal comfort, improving the amount of food available, improving aesthetics is the targets of any deliberate habitat alteration (Grabowski, 2012). Growth and decline in population are no longer affected by the large-scale trade and transport infrastructure because proximity to these places has become unnecessary making a present alteration of habitat to be determined by the pupation change. Areas such as Antarctica and other outer spaces have become hostile environments because the habitations have been considered closed ecological systems and have been excluded only for military, scientific and industrial expeditions due its expensive status. The entire universe number of persons did increase from 1 billion to seven billion since 1800. In the coming decades, both significant increases in both the persons residing in cities and suburban slums will increase (Human evolution: Footprints reveal hominin size. 2013). A wide variety contributed by all plants and the animals were consumed by humans making them omnivorous. Varying in cultural and religious beliefs and varying in the availability of food source in the region of habitation has resulted in humans in the formation of groups adopting different diet may be from pure vegetarian to primarily carnivorous. The occurrence of some diseases has results from restrictions of the diet. Homo sapiens were employing the art of hunting and gathering method as the principal means of food collection but until the development of agriculture in an estimated period of 10,000 years ago. Genetic similarities are never found in humans even the monozygotic twins. Human biological variations from characteristics to physiology to reduce sustainability to raise mental illness are highly influenced by genes and the environment. References African genesis: perspectives on hominin evolution. (2012). Choice Reviews Online, 50(01), 50-0364-50-0364. doi:10.5860/choice.50-0364 Grabowski, M. (2012). Hominin Obstetrics and the Evolution of Constraints. Evolutionary Biology, 40(1), 57-75. doi:10.1007/s11692-012-9174-7 Human evolution: Footprints reveal hominin size. (2013). Nature, 497(7451), 538-538. doi:10.1038/497538d Human evolution: Hominin explorers were poor planners. (2014). Nature, 507(7492), 277-277. doi:10.1038/507277d Read More