Physical Anthropology Assignments - Assignment Example

Physical Anthropology Assignments Assignment Section The first photo shows men from African American ethni who probably speak in their neighborhood colloquial dialect of English from the early 70’s hip hop culture. Photo number is a traditional Native American healer whose ethnicity is concerned with beliefs relating to how people fit within the network of life based on his traditional spiritual beliefs rather than from western science. He probably believes in visions, stories, as well as dreams through combining religion, spirituality and rituals.

The third photo is probably that of a Kuna Indian woman and she comes from a matriarchal society. Moreover, her customs are passed on mainly via dances and chants. The way the woman has dressed defines her ethnic identity and as such dressing is used emblematically as a way of resistance, thus representative of their communal and political independence as indigenous inhabitants (Wade 91). Photo number 4 is most likely to be that of a Maori of Pakeha mixed race of European ethnic, which is characterized by language variety.

The man tribal society is based on Polynesian social traditions, and their social network is more of a multiplex network (Maori Tourism Limited). Photo number five is that of an ethnic west African man, and whose culture is based on folk philosophy, religion along with folktales. He probably belongs to one of the ethnic group of west-central Africa mostly from Akan culture and speaking in Adamorobe Language and living within his traditional extended family as his society is matrilineal (DeCorse 137).

Photo number six shows bikers who do not possess precise ethnic identity but they have cultivated an unkempt image in terms of their dressing and grooming, and which is an important visual marker for them. They are probably from the hippies subculture since their hairstyles, art forms, almost bareness for women, leather jackets indicate their social group identify since they are non-conformist and will only conform to a style every of their peers have assumed (Back and et tal 155). Photo number is 7 is probably that of a tribal aboriginals Indians chief.

They are mostly clan based with membership on that clan based on hereditary descent with an inclusive kinship system. The man speaks one of the indigenous aboriginal languages probably from Pacific Island countries, such as Huli. On the other hand, photo number 8 is that of Bushmen or San and they indigenous people of southern Africa. They are hunters and gatherers and their language is made up of punctuation characters in place of dissimilar click consonants. They have a strong emphasis on kinship system with an egalitarian lifestyle (National Geographic 6).

Photo number 9 is that of a white man of European ancestry most probably from the English culture. Photo number 10 is that of a native Indian man of the Kayapo tribe due to the discs in his lower lip. They put on body adornment to symbolize many things with the lip plug signifying oral assertiveness. They have balanced their livelihood with the rainforest ecosystem for food and medicinal intentions. Moreover, they live under smaller tribes but they speak Kayapo language (SIL International para 1).

Section2 Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase or G6PD deficiency is categorized as a genetic disorder which occurs most frequently in males. It impacts the red blood cells and it results in red blood cells to rupture down prematurely. When it comes to evolution the fact that G6PD is established in all tissue of every modern organism, implies that dissimilar types of the enzyme are present at certain period and places so as to contain an organism precise biochemical necessity. Moreover, the interrelatedness of the G6PD from varied species demonstrates residue distinctiveness to mammalian enzymes and other enzymes, such as yeast enzyme.

Thus, the biological significance of G6PD is observed via its conservation maintained through evolution as all organisms display G6PD activity even though at varying phases (Verrelli, Tishkoff and Stone 1592). Strong molecular substantiation of balancing selection, especially in malarial settings has been established for G6PD locus, particularly low-activity alleles that display opposition to malaria. The mutations within G6PD which offer resistance against malaria, seems to have come up at about the same period malaria became widespread.

Thus, those persons with such mutations are more probable to survive and to pass on such genes to their progeny, thus making the mutations to spread quickly through populations (Verrelli, Tishkoff and Stone 1594). Assignment 2 The topic is about the research aspect of evolutionary psychology whose objective is to ascertain and comprehend the design of human mind. According to Dr. Tooby and Dr. a Cosmides, evolutionary psychology is advancement towards psychology whereby knowledge plus principles derived from evolutionary biology are applied during research concerning the composition of human mind.

Thus, evolutionary psychology is not a field of study such as reasoning or otherwise social behavior, but rather a mind-set regarding psychology which can be put into use in any subject matter within it (Cosmides and Toobym para 1). The most interesting thing about evolutionary psychology primer based on the topic, is that Innate is not the contrary of "learned". The argument is that the brain has a certain type of structure for the individual to learn whatever thing at. Thus, in order for a person to learn, there needs to be some sort of mechanism which causes this to take place.

Given that learning cannot take place inside the nonexistence of a mechanism which causes it, then the system that results in learning is by itself unlearned and must therefore be innate. This argument shows that certain learning means are aspects of the individual personal evolved architecture, and which dependably builds up across the forms of environmental discrepancies that humans usually encounter throughout their evolutionary record (Cosmides and Tooby, para 77). The fascinating question which Dr.

Tooby and Dr. Cosmides could have elaborated further is what are the unlearned plans or programs, and are they focused for learning explicit type of thing, or are such programs designed to get to the bottom of more broad-spectrum problems . In this observation, it is clear that the mind is a collection of information-processing machinery which have been designed through natural selection so as to work out adaptive problems . Accordingly, such form of thinking concerning the brain, the mind, as well as behavior is shifting how scientists advance old topics, in addition to opening up new ones.

It appears that the researchers in some extent confused cause and effect , since information can at most set off, however learning is not an explanation but by itself necessitates an explanation (Cosmides and Tooby, para 77) Assignment 3 Across 1: In the Arctic, the greatest amount of sea ice that is present in one year is sea ice maximum Down 1: The least amount of sea ice that is present in one year is sea ice minimum Down2: The period preceding the Neolithic, during which humans increasingly exploited smaller animals, increased the variety of tools they used, and became somewhat less nomadic due to adoption of farming by domestication of plants and animals known as Mesolithic period Across 3: Technologies remained simple until about 15,000 years ago when humans became more settled, due to the domestication of animals and plants.

Down 3: 5000 years ago deforestation, overgrazing and destruction of natural resources by early famers exacerbated soil erosion. Down 4: The period when farming got underway in England and Europe was the Neolithic period Across 5: the diversity of species, as well as to the diversity of individuals is biodiversity Across 6: The most recent epoch of the Cenozoic Holocene epoch. Across 7: many scientists believe a hunter and gatherer lifestyle was healthier, with better nutrition Across 8: A hunter-gatherer way of life has been implicated in the extinctions of many large mammals that occurred near the end of the Pleistocene.

Works Cited Back, Les and ettal. Cultural Sociology: An Introduction. John Wiley & Sons, 2012. Cosmides, Leda and John Tooby. "http://www.psych.ucsb.edu/research/cep/primer.html." 1997. 6 May 2012 . DeCorse, Christopher R. An Archaeology of Elmina: Africans and Europeans on the Gold Coast, 1400-1900. Washington DC: Smithsonian Insitution Press, 2001. Maori Tourism Limited. "Maori." 2012. 6 May 2012 . National Geographic. Southern Africa’s hunter-gatherers seek a foothold. . 2012. 6 May 2012 .

SIL International. Kayapo Indians. 2012. 6 May 2012 . Verrelli, Brian C, et al. "Contrasting Histories of G6PD Molecular Evolution and Malarial Resistance." Mol. Biol. Evol 23.8 (2006): 1592–1601. Wade, Peter. Race And Ethnicity In Latin America. Pluto Press, 1997.