Cumulative Percentages and Percentile Rank - Assignment Example

STATISTICS Statistics Exercise Identifying Level of Measurement: Nominal 5. What number and percentage of the44 depressed subjects were treated with antidepressant medications? Do you think an adequate number received treatment with medication? Provide a rationale for your answer. Of the 44 depressed subjects, 13 were treated with antidepressants. This was 29% of the subjects. However, I think that the number of people who received the antidepressants was not enough. 29% was a small proportion to use for an experiment. However, the number used produced sufficient results and this was as a result of the scarcity of mental health care in the rural areas. 7. The researchers excluded persons from the study who had a history of psychiatric illness. Provide a rationale for excluding these persons. Basically, the experiment was aimed at finding the best treatment for depression. Therefore, having an earlier treatment for psychiatry may affect the results of the experiment. Exercise 2: Identifying Level of Measurement: Ordinal 2. What statistics were used to describe the demographic variable Estimated Yearly Family Income in this study? Were these appropriate? Employment and the socioeconomic status were used for measuring the yearly family income in this study. However, these were not the appropriate measures. 7. Should the demographic variable Educational level be analyzed with parametric or nonparametric statistical analysis techniques? Provide a rationale for your answer. Non parametric statistical analysis techniques are the best fit for education. Parametric tests are done for data whose variances are homogeneous. However, this is not the case for education and therefore, non-parametric tests are best for education. Exercise 3: Identifying Level of Measurement: Interval/Ratio 6. Looking at Table II, what descriptive analysis techniques were performed on the interval/ratio data? Frequency counts were performed on the data in table 2. 9. Are there significant differences between the intervention and the control groups for any of the variables in Table I? Provide a rationale for your answer. From the table, there are no significant differences between the intervention and the control groups. This is because there are no significant differences in the percentages of the control groups and the intervention group. Exercise 4: Understanding Percentages 4. What number and percentage (%) of the total number of respondents had a current CRC test? 13 patients, 29% 6. Explain why the number of total subjects’ data in Table 2 is for 859 subjects when the total sample for the study was 869 subjects. The people who had a history of cardiac attacks earlier were excluded from the experiment. Exercise 5: Frequency Distributions with Percentages 4. What level of education achieved by the mothers is the mode for this variable? Tertiary 10. Do you think that this study and its results can be generalized to the United States? Provide a rationale for your answer. This study and its results cannot be generalized for the United States. This is because the sample was not representative. The sample was only selected in the rural areas and the sample size was not sufficient, therefore does not reflect the condition in the United States. Exercise 6: Cumulative Percentages and Percentile Rank 5. What number and percentage of nurses documented a different pain score from the grimacing patient’s self-reported pain score of 8? 9. Is this study only applicable to the elderly population? The study is not only applicable to the elderly. It can also be used for the young people. Exercise 7: Interpreting Histograms 7. In Figure 2, which variable is placed on the x-axis? Which variable is placed on the y-axis? In figure 2, demographic variables are placed on the y axis and depression on the x- axis. 9. Examine Figures 1 and 2 and compare their distribution patterns. The distribution patterns are similar. Exercise 8: Interpreting Line Graphs 6. The breastfeeding rate post-intervention was greater than the pre-intervention rate over the 12 months of the study. This statement is true. 10. What implications for practice do you note from these study results? Behavioral practices affect the rate of intervention. Exercise 11: Using Statistics to Describe a Study Sample 3. What other statistic could have been used to describe the length of labor? Chi- square analysis can also be used to analyze the length of labor. 8. Can the findings from this study be generalized to Black women? No, the results cannot be generalized for black women, since the sample did not include them. Exercise 15: Measurement of Central Tendency: Mean, Median, and Mode 1. The following list represents the number of nursing students enrolled in a particular nursing program between the years of 2001 and 2007, respectively: 563, 593, 606, 520, 563, 610, and 577. Determine the mean, median, and mode of the number of the nursing students enrolled in the above program between 2001 and 2007. Show your calculations. Mean= 563+593+606+520+563+610+577/7=576 Median= arranging the numbers in ascending order,520,563, 563,577, 593, 606, 610.the median is 577 Mode= the most repeated=563. It is repeated twice. Exercise 16: Mean and Standard Deviation 1. The researchers analyzed the data they collected as though it were at what level of measurement? Ordinal 4. Compare the mean baseline and posttest depression scores of the control group. The baseline and posttest depression scores of the control group are not significantly different. This however, does not weaken the validity of the research results. Exercise 19: Determining Skewness of a Distribution 1. The age distribution of people diagnosed with cystic fibrosis is most likely to be: normally distributed 3. Does a set of scores with most of its values above the mean have a negatively or positively skewed distribution? Such a distribution would have a positively skewed distribution because the mean would be higher than the median point. Exercise 22: Scatterplot 2. What type of relationship does Figure 22–2 illustrate? The figure represents a linear relationship. Drawing a line that joins most of the dots, a straight line is obtained. 7. Does Figure 1 from the Hitchings and Moynihan (1998) study have any outliers? Outliers are the results that are far from the others. Outliers are present in Figure 1. Exercise 23: Pearson’s Product-Moment Correlation Coefficient 4. Without using numbers, describe the relationship between the Hamstring strength index 120°/s and the Triple hop index. 10. Consider the relationship reported for the Quadriceps strength index 120º/s and the Hop index (r = 0.744**, p = 0.000). r represents the degree of correlation between the quadriceps and the hop index. P represents the p value. 2. t = –3.15 describes the difference between women and men for what variable in this study? This value is significant and represents the difference in depression between men and women. 5. Consider t = –2.50 and t = –2.74. Which t ratio has the smaller p value? Provide a rationale for your answer. What does this result mean? T= -2.74 has a smaller p value. The smaller the p-value, the larger the significance. This is because it tells the investigator that the hypothesis under consideration may not adequately explain the observation Exercise 36: Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) 3. The researchers stated that the participants in the intervention group reported a reduction in mobility difficulty at week 12. The result was statistically significant. 6. Can ANOVA be used to test proposed relationships or predicted correlations between variables in a single group? Provide a rationale for your answer. No. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) is used to the presence of significant of means of two or three groups that are unrelated. Question two Statistics agecat gender bp active dhosp N Valid 1048 1048 1048 1048 1048 Missing 0 0 0 0 0 Mean 2.30 .50 1.16 .49 .08 Median 2.00 .00 1.00 .00 .00 Mode 2 0 1 0 0 Std. Deviation .957 .500 .609 .500 .493 Range 3 1 2 1 2 Minimum 1 0 0 0 -1 Maximum 4 1 2 1 1 Sum 2410 519 1215 517 81 Frequency Table agecat Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent Valid 1 240 22.9 22.9 22.9 2 383 36.5 36.5 59.4 3 296 28.2 28.2 87.7 4 129 12.3 12.3 100.0 Total 1048 100.0 100.0 From the first column, it is clear that only 4 entries had valid age data. The total number of the valid entries for age was 1048. All the age entries were valid. gender Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent Valid 0 529 50.5 50.5 50.5 1 519 49.5 49.5 100.0 Total 1048 100.0 100.0 Male was used as the reference group and the number of patients who were males were 529. Females were 519. The percentage of male was 50.5 whereas that of female was 49.5 bp Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent Valid 0 124 11.8 11.8 11.8 1 633 60.4 60.4 72.2 2 291 27.8 27.8 100.0 Total 1048 100.0 100.0 Active Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent Valid 0 531 50.7 50.7 50.7 1 517 49.3 49.3 100.0 Total 1048 100.0 100.0 The number of Dhosp Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent Valid -1 90 8.6 8.6 8.6 0 787 75.1 75.1 83.7 1 171 16.3 16.3 100.0 Total 1048 100.0 100.0 Descriptive Statistics N Minimum Maximum Mean Std. Deviation age 1048 45 86 62.46 9.113 cost 1048 2.12 126.36 32.9396 24.94402 log_COST 1048 .326335860929 2.101609617233 1.36410403036136 .402608646038735 Valid N (listwise) 1048 Age is normally distributed, with a mean value of 62.46 and a standard deviation of 9.113. Cost is not normally distributed but has a positive skew with a mean of 32.94 and a standard deviation of 24.944 The logarithm of the total cost is normally distributed with a mean of 1.364104030361 and a standard deviation of 0.402608646039 Read More