Causes of Appearing Delinquency and Crime - Research Paper Example

Criminal Justice Criminal Justice According to Durkheim’s “The Nature of Man”, any individual is a combination of two aspects. On one side is the aspect of self (the social self), which looks to society. This is a product of the cultivation and socialization of human potentials. On the other side is the primal self (egoistic self), which is deficient without society. This is full of impulses with no natural limits (Lily, Cullen, & Ball., 2011). According to this view, provisions of social solidarity rooted upon highly advanced functions of social regulation and social regulation let the more primal self to fully humanize in a life shared by many others based on a moral ground.

Many sociologists and different schools of thoughts have written texts about this. Nonetheless, unless social solidarity is advanced or maintained, crime and delinquency will arise. The Chicago School has had a lot of influence with regards to crime and delinquency. Notably, the Chicago school had developed after World War One with its emphasis on urbanization and immigration as the main drivers of social change, which led to the rise of social crime due to social disorganization. Notably, the rapid urbanization and industrialization synonymous with the 20th century were followed by massive tides of immigration to the US.

However, the Chicago school had lots of ideas with regards to social order and human nature, which led some criminological theorists toward control theories that did not take conformity for granted as the natural order (Lily, Cullen, & Ball., 2011). Some say that the human offspring depends on other humans within the family setting for a long time. Reiss’s Theory of Personal and Social Controls also tackle issues dealing with delinquency. In one of his articles, Albert J. Reiss defined certain terminologies pertaining to criminology studies.

According to him, personal control was the individual ability to desist meeting needs in approaches that clash with the rules and norms of the community. Social control, on its part, was the ability of social institutions and groups to make rules or norms effective (Lily, Cullen, & Ball., 2011). According to him, delinquency comes about where there is a comparative absence of internalized rules and norms that govern behavior in line with the social system norms synonymous with legal penalties.

Reiss also reiterates that conformity arises when an individual accepts roles and rules or when the individual merely submits to them. Moreover, Nye’s Family-Focused Theory of Social Controls expounds of the Chicago school. F. Ivan Nye is one of the leading figures in sociology. He was also much under the influence of the Chicago School. However, he sought to clarify the reasons as to why criminal behavior and delinquent are not more common. Nye focused on adolescents as he considered the family unit to be the most essential agent of social control over such.

The family is able to generate control, internalized control, direct control, and indirect control via other means of need satisfaction (Lily, Cullen, & Ball., 2011). Others like Reckless came up with containment theory that sought to explain why conformity continues to be the general state of affairs despite the criminogenic pushes and pulls. According to his argument, delinquency or crime needs the person to break through a mixture of inner and outer containment, which together appear to wad the individual from the pushes and pulls (Lily, Cullen, & Ball., 2011). Reference Lily, R. J., Cullen, F. T., & Ball., R. A. (2011). Criminological Theory: Context and Consequences.

Los Angeles, C.A: Sage Publishing.