Anti Smoking Campaign: Smokers Free World - Assignment Example

ANTI SMOKING CAMPAIGN SMOKERS FREE WORLD Table of Content 1. Introduction 2. Details of the Health Promotion Program, Our Pamphlet Is Intended To Contribute 3. Literature Review and a Rationale for the Program and For the Use of a Pamphlet 4. The Target Group for the Pamphlet & Methodology 5. Objectives of the Pamphlet 6. Steps for Developing the Pamphlet 7. Questionnaire 8. Conclusions 1. Introduction Executives and managers often smoked at least partly because it was manly, and was part of the proper image the upwardly mobile professional wanted to project. This image, too, appears to have changed radically. Indeed, a headline in Executive Fitness 19 ( June 1988) reads, "Warning: Smoking Can Be Hazardous to Your Career." The feature story says nonsmokers are much more likely to hold top jobs in a company--indeed, the article reports 61 percent of top executives have quit the habit and now seem to favor nonsmokers. The feature describes why smoking is "becoming a danger to your career," in terms of fitness, costs, productivity, and corporate image. And "it's only going to get rougher" on smokers, the piece concludes, saying, "smokers do not have rights." 2. Details of the health promotion program, our pamphlet is intended to contribute Despite advertisements that portray smokers as glamorous and sexy, most people find others less attractive when they smoke, according to a study which involved college students. Eddie Clark, an assistant professor of psychology at Memphis State University in Tennessee who conducted the study, said "the basic finding was that despite what advertisements would have us believe, both smokers and non-smokers tend to rate smokers less attractive. This health promotion program also intend to appeal the smokers to quit their bad habit as it is not only dangerous for them in many ways but it is also dangerous for their family, colleagues and friends. Senior colleagues pressure can often be quite subtle - something as simple as a passing suggestion or a visual cue is sometimes all kids need to feel pressure to experiment with negative behaviors. Meeting, and then resisting the challenges posed by peer pressure takes courage and skill. The first step to successful nonsmoking policy implementation is a comprehensive understanding of the rationale behind the introduction of smoking restrictions and a review of the many possible alternatives. Stringent smoking restrictions will present a hardship to certain employees based on their addiction to nicotine. Participatory management, which involves employees in policy development and implementation, is the key to success. Resolution of any problem in a corporate environment requires the development of a strategy--clean indoor air policies are no exception. As with any change, people need time to make the required adjustments. 3. Literature review and a rationale for the program and for the use of a pamphlet The teenage tobacco use literature contains multiple examples of research into behavioral theories and underlying factors, the few examples of decision models are either theoretical discussions without empirical testing, or are not directly used to plan or evaluate strategic intervention programs. Cleary (1988) presented a four-stage model (preparation, initiation, experimentation, maintenance) and called for further research into intervention programs that address different stages as well as other socioeconomic factors. Glynn (1987) also used a four-stage model (preparation, initiation, becoming, maintenance) with general consumption values or motives affecting each stage, noting that such models were not used to draw implications for prevention programs (see Leventhal 1980, p. 383). Others used a non-empirical, decision theory perspective to evaluate smoking behavior in terms of the net effects of smoking versus not smoking (Robbins and Kline 1991). Several researchers presented seven-stage addiction models without empirical testing (DePaul et al. 1987), or related cultural and demographic factors as antecedents to the decision model (Chassin et al. 1981; McCarthy 1987). Pallonen et al. (1998) used a complex nine-stage acquisition and cessation continuum emphasizing the pros and cons of smoking and an in-depth definition of levels of smoking behavior in a very limited sample of 10th and 11th graders. Intervention approaches and information sources are not evaluated in their model. 4. The target group for the Pamphlet & Methodology Initially an organization must identify the problem: How many smokers work there? What are the attitudes of smokers and nonsmokers, clients, administration, and others? What are the costs of smoking? What are the legal requirements? This stage is identifying values (what should be) and long-range goals, carefully gathering the facts (what is), and measuring the difference (the "gap" or discrepancy). Maximum employee input is desirable. After clearly defining the problem, the organization must identify constraints--cost limitations, building design (say, ventilation system capabilities), union contract provisions, and so forth. By analyzing the problem--methodically taking the problem (nonsmoking policy and program) apart and being certain the organization understands all the ramifications of the issue. 5. Objectives of the pamphlet The major objectives of the pamphlet are to achieve smoking free environment at work place. This objectives is a method for achieving following aims. Resource utilization Program accomplishment Security Quality Human development 6. Steps for developing the Pamphlet For developing a comprehensive and effective pamphlet and to check that the pamphlet is designed to deal with and reflect the specific activity following steps should be taken. 1. Collect the data about that specific workplace 2. Get ideas and thoughts of workers by giving them a simple questionnaire. 3. Review the literature 4. Make assessment of the situation systematically in light of your data collection and literature review. 7. Questionnaire The questionnaire will be designed not only get the response of workers but also for preparing ground for the campaign. 1. Do you think professional people lawyers and doctors often smoke 2. Do you think smokers are often good students. 3. Do you feel that smokers are often insecure people. 4. Do you feel that smoking cigarettes makes smokers feel less popular. 5. Do you think that smoking cigarettes makes smokers feel more independent. 6. Do you think smoking cigarettes makes smokers feel more sexy. 7. Do you think the harmful effects of tobacco have been exaggerated by health professionals 8. Conclusions Employers who choose to implement nonsmoking policies have everything to gain and little to lose Any program that is installed in the workplace demands attention to assessing needs, defining the problems, analyzing the problems, generating alternative solutions, selecting the "best" strategy, implementing the strategy effectively, and constantly evaluating and revising as time passes. To follow up on a new program employers must monitor and control. Let us define these two terms as: Quality is today's watchword for companies and government agencies. In a competitive market any edge on quality can be a determining factor of success (recall the stories of hospitals who went nonsmoking and quickly learned that it paid off). But too often we forget to use the data accumulated in our control systems to develop our human resources. There are many ways this can be done in implementing a nonsmoking policy in the workplace consulting with workers from the beginning; securing their ideas, needs, and input; letting them help design the nonsmoking policy; involving them in the implementation of the program and subsequent evaluation and appraisal of its success or failure; and so many other ways, all of which develop our human resources and maximize our return on investment in our most valuable resource-people. Bibliography Aloise-Young, P., J. W. Graham, and W.B. Hansen. 1994. Peer Influence on Smoking Initiation During Early Adolescence: A Comparison of Group Members and Group Outsiders. Journal of Applied Psychology, 79 (2):281-87. American Cancer Society. The Dangers of Smoking, the Benefits of Quitting. New York: 1982. Califano Joseph A. Jr. Governing America. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1981. Buckley William F., Jr. "The Weed." In The Tobacco Industry in Transition, ed. William R. Finger. Lexington, Mass.: Lexington Books, 1981. Cameron Charles. "Lung Cancer and Smoking." Atlantic 197 ( 1) ( 1956): 71-75. Cecil, H., R. J. Evans, and M. Stanley. 1996. Perceived Believability Among Adolescents of Health Warning Labels on Cigarette Packs. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 26 (6):502-19. Cascio Wayne F. "Costing the Effects of Smoking at the Work Place." In Costing Human Resources: The Financial Impact of Behavior in Organizations. Boston: PWS-Kent Publishing Co., 1987: 80-97. Chassin, L., C. Presson, M. Bensenberg, E. Corty, R. W. Olshavsky, and S. J. Sherman. 1981. Predicting Adolescents' Intentions To Smoke Cigarettes, Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 22: 445-55. Diehl Harold S. Tobacco and Your Health: The Smoking Controversy. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1969. Fritschler A. Lee. Smoking and Politics. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1969. Fletcher, J. E., D. M. Krugman, R. J. Fox. 1995. Masked Recall and Eye Tracking of Adolescents Exposed to Cautionary Notices in Magazine Ads. In P. S. Ellen, and P. J. Kaufman, eds., Marketing and Public Policy Conference Proceedings 5, Atlanta, GA: Georgia State University, 128-35. Flynn, B. S., J. K. Worden, R. H. Secker-Walker, G. J. Badger, B. M. Geller, and M. C. Costanza. 1992. Prevention of Cigarette Smoking Through Mass Media Intervention and School Programs. American Journal of Public Health, 82(6):829-34. Morgan Hal. Symbols of America. New York: Viking Penguin, 1986. National Institute of Drug Abuse. Research on Smoking Behavior. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1977. Skinner Wiliam Iverson. Tobacco and Health: The Other Side of the Coin. New York: Vantage Press, 1970. Sobel Robert. They Satisfy. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1978. Tollison Robert D. Smoking and Society: Toward a More Balanced Assessment. Lexington, Mass.: Lexington Books, 1986. Troyer Ronald J. and Markle Gerald E. Cigarettes: The Battle Over Smoking. New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press, 1983. Read More