Definitions: Pertaining to Philosophy Class in Own Words - Assignment Example

4. Valid - is a term that illustrates an argument’s form where premises are associated with the conclusion to the extent that whenever the former is found to be true, it follows that the latter ought to be true as well, particularly when such premises and conclusion are a sole basis to the justification of an inference 5.

Invalid - is, contrary to the state of validity, a term that identifies an argument’s form that possesses a conclusion that is not aligned or is not expected to correspond to the given premises whereas such, a false conclusion may emerge out of true premises6. Sound - pertains to an argument’s property in which all premises are true, thereby reflecting or guaranteeing truth in the resulting conclusion that altogether manifests the pure validity of an argument 7. Unsound - pertains to a trait by which an argument may be assessed as either invalid or valid with at least one false premise so that false premises determine the validity or invalidity of an argument 8.

Deductive Argument - is that argument where it is ‘necessary’ for the conclusion to satisfy the premise in such a way as when a conclusion is rather false, there can be no way that this would be arrived at coming from a premise or inference that is true; deductive reasoning is applied herein to enable the construction of a deductive argument that proceeds from a general premise toward a specific conclusion 9. Inductive Argument - is that argument where it is ‘probable’ to derive a conclusion from an inferred premise such that it would be improbable to yield a false conclusion if the premises are true; inductive reasoning is used herein to establish an inductive argument that develops from a specific premise toward a general conclusion Identity whether the following statements are true or false10.

A proposition must be either true or false. False11. Logic is the academic discipline that studies the difference between true and false arguments. False12. An argument is composed of more than one premise and more than one conclusion. False13. Statements express propositions. True 14. Moral beliefs must be either true or false. False15. An inductive argument seeks to prove the necessity of its conclusion. False16. An argument is sound if it has a valid form and all true premises.

True Identify whether the following arguments are (Valid or Invalid)17. All Athenians are GreekAll human beings are GreekTherefore, All Athenians are human beings -- Invalid18. All collies are dogsAll dogs are animalsTherefore all collies are animals -- Valid19. No, a is bNo b is cTherefore, no a is c -- Invalid Identify the following fallacies. (For example: “If you dont agree with the president, you will lose your job. Therefore, if you dont want to lose your job, you had better agree with the president,” would be an Appeal to Force)20.

I wouldn't believe anything that Nietzsche says. We all know he was a nihilist and he went insane.  Bandwagon21. Jim is a college student. That is enough to convince me he drinks alcohol.  Biased Sample22. Richard Dawkins is an atheist. Therefore, we cannot trust his opinion on morality.  Appeal to Spite23. I’m going to vote for Sen. Paine because my Spanish teacher says he’s the best candidate.  Appeal to Authority24. My professor told me that I need to turn in my assignments on time, but she wasn't very prompt in giving me back my exam, so there is no point in listening to her.