Dosing of cephalosporines in renal failure pateints - Research Proposal Example

"Dosing of Cephalosporin in Renal Failure Patients" Background Kidneys are the imperative organs of the body, kidney diseases influence all the other organs as they regulate the fluid level of the body. Any kind of physiological alterations related with renal disease displays prominent outcomes on pharmacology of many drugs. It is therefore vital for the physicians to have an appropriate consideration of biochemical and physiological acts of drugs, for renal diseases. The chief constraint determining renal function relevant for drugs excreted through kidney are GFR (Glomerular Filtration Rate) and Creatinine clearance rate (Clcr).

Aim- To understand the dosing of Cephalosporin in Renal failure patients. Method and Design Physical examination- should be performed for edema, ascites, dehydration. Measurement of body weight and height is performed. In obese patients the ideal body weight should be calculated and dose of drug should be planned consequently. Renal function- Estimation of creatine clearance (the volume of blood plasma that is cleared of creatinine in a unit time). Elimination of drugs is directly proportional to GFR (drugs excreted by kidneys).

The Cockroft- Gault equation to estimate Clcr for age between 40- 80 years. Clcr (mL/min) = (140-age)x weight in kgs / 72 x serum creatinine (in mg/ dL) x (0.85 for women). Assessment of GFR from serum creatinine level presumes the stability of renal function and also formulate that serum creatinine measurement is constant. If there is alteration in renal function, the creatinine level does not indicate the true clearance. In case of oliguria, Clcr is approximated as 10mL/min. In cases with acute renal failure, the non-renal clearance of medicines diminishes by means of time window of renal failure.

In the initial course of the therapy, personalized pharmacokinetic dose for patients with severe renal impairment is vital. In case of edema or ascites, huge preliminary dose is necessary to procure a therapeutic plasma drug level rapidly. Consequently, the maintenance level lower than the lethal level is essential. As soon as the loading dose is administered, the therapeutic range is accomplished rapidly. It is imperative to understand that a loading dose is considered in the case if half-life of a drug is predominantly lengthy as in the case of renal failure or as soon as vital therapeutic plasma level is attained at faster pace.

Protection or maintenance dose is specified after measuring the renal function, consequently, dosage strategy for patients with normal and impaired renal function are provided in the table. Patients are categorized as- Moderate (Clcr 10-50 mL/ min), Severe (Clcr