Evidence Based Practice and Applied Nursing Research - Annotated Bibliography Example

Evidence Based Practice & Applied Nursing Research Task 724.8 01-06, 8.2-01-06 Western Governor’s Janeth Zepeda, RN July 31, Task A1. Title of the Article: Ogundipe, O. K., Aladesanmi, T., Adigun, A. I., Taiwo, O. J., Etonyeaku, C. A., Ojo, O. E., & Obimakinde, S. O. (2011). Violence in the emergency department: a multicentre survey of nurses perception. Injury Prevention, 16(Supplement 1), 758-762 2. Visual Representation Article: Ogundipe, O. K., Aladesanmi, T., Adigun, A. I., Taiwo, O. J., Etonyeaku, C. A., Ojo, O. E., & Obimakinde, S. O. (2011). Violence in the emergency department: a multicentre survey of nurses perception. Injury Prevention, 16(Supplement 1), 758-762 Introduction: The research stated its concepts clearly, title was consistent, related literature reviewed, but the author used some older reference; 5-12 years ago, the client did not state the need of the research. The research mentioned the objective in introduction. Literature Review: According to the article, violence in Emergency Department is lethal and common. The staff of the department receives both physical and verbal abuse, with nursed bearing the wrath of this violence. The review has failed to provide evidence and reasons why health institutions are not well prepared to handle it. Methodology: The variables are not stated clearly. Research design: the paper is a questionnaire-based survey. However, has failed to define the target population. Research instrument: The research used semi-structured questionnaires. Procedures for collecting data: the procedures were clearly stated Data Analysis: Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS but was only presented in medians and means. The research stated the sample size but failed to mention how the sample size was calculated. The results were analyzed using tables, figures, and tables. Footnote, table number, and table headings were clearly stated. In the table analysis, the explanations in the text were consistent with tables. Conclusion: Conclusion was clearly stated with possible violence solutions. 3. Evidence Vs. Conclusion The evidence presented supports the conclusion of the researcher. Normally, Emergency Department are areas in the hospital where most patients have conditions that lead to trauma, and their relations have labile emotion that may lead to violence against the workers. From the evidence, Emergency Department is prone to violence, which has become lethal and common (Ogundipe, et al., 2011). The Department’s staff receives physical and verbal abuse with nurses bearing the most impact on the violence. The available evidence also suggests that many institutions are not prepared to handle the violence. Researchers carried out survey to find out the epidemiology in violence against the nurses that work in Emergency Department, the perception of nurses that constitutes the violence, impacts of the violence on potential and productivity preventive strategies. Therefore, mounting evidence shows that the effect of war’s mental health cannot be avoided, but rather related to the conditions of social, cultural, and economics preceding and following violent conflict. Additionally, all the crucial results are discussed based on the research questions. The consistency of explanation in the texts of graphs and tables are simple thus making generalizability not questionable. 4. Ethical consideration Before research was carried out, the researcher got consents from participants using their signatures and thumbprints for literate and illiterate participants (Ogundipe, et al., 2011). Consultation was provided by the Department of Psychiatry at Institute of Medicine during the assessment period and gave approval to carry out the study. Additionally, the follow up protocol was also approved by Health Research Council with their modification done by IOM. Interviews were carried out in the homes of participants where the participants and interviewer were present. In 2007 and 2008, the participants that had high level of distress and impaired functioning were kept under evaluation by the principal investigators of the study. A section of these was referred to the psychosocial care department. 5. Type of Research The paper used quantitative research method to develop the nursing knowledge for nursing practice. The researcher used survey as its research design. Its sample was an emergency department of 6 tertiary hospitals found in five different states. This research design involved utilization of numbers to evaluate information. This information was then evaluated using statistical analysis such as SPSS which offered the opportunity to go deeper into these data and seek for greater meaning. The method used was questionnaire based with a sample of certified nurses from the selected hospitals with 1:4 as male to female ratio. The research sample size was eighty-one nurses working in the emergency department. Every nurse under the inclusion criteria was taken as sample with a semi-structured questionnaire as a data collection tool. a. Other type of research such as qualitative research wouldn`t have been appropriate in this case since the data collection techniques are time consuming, thus data is normally applicable for a smaller sample as opposed to the case of quantitative approaches - hence this definitely makes qualitative research a bit more expensive. Correlation research can also be appropriate in the study. The research will involve systematic investigation of the relationships among the variables. To carry out this, the research measures the variable in the sample and then uses correlation statistics to find out the relationship using the correlation analysis. The analysis helps the researcher to find out the type and strength of the relationship (Ogundipe, et al., 2011). Task B 1. Evidence for a Nursing Care Evidence-based nursing problem is essential as far as the delivery of superior quality care which optimizes patients’ results is concerned. Researches continue to reveal improved results when best evidence is utilized to delivery patient care (Koehler, 2012). In spite of awareness of this significance of practicing through using best evidence, attaining and supporting evidence-based practice in practice environments might be challenging, thus research recommends that integration of an evidence-based practice into the daily clinical practice stays inconsistent (Horsfall & Royal College of Nursing, 2013). This article summarizes the current evidence for the interventions designed in an attempt to reduce nurses’ injuries, which has been a significant problem over the decades. Strategies to minimize or prevent musculoskeletal injuries linked to patient handling are frequently based on personal and tradition experience instead of scientific evidence. The most evident patient handling methods in United States comprise of manual patient lifting, training in safe lifting practices, classes in body mechanics, and back belts. Astonishingly there is enough evidence that every of these commonly utilized approaches is never effective in decreasing nurses` injuries. A bigger paradigm shift is required apart from these ineffective methods towards some evidence-based practices such as: patient handling equipment, patient care ergonomic valuation protocols, and training on appropriate use of the patient handling equipment. Promising fresh interventions that are still being tested comprise the use of a unit-based peer leader and clinical tool like algorithms and patient valuation protocols. Due to the complication of this high-risk, high-cost problem, high volume, multifaceted programs are most likely effective compared to any single intervention. This fresh call for action comprises systematic change within health care facilities through the continuum of care and a new curriculum for nursing schools. 2. Primary Research Sources Matrix 1. Alimohammadi, H., Sadrabad, A. Z., Bidarizerehpoosh, F., Derakhshanfar, H., Shahrami, A., & Rad, R. F. (2013). Residents experiences in dealing with abuse in emergency department: a survey in Iran hospitals. Emergency Medicine Journal, 30(9), 732-734. 2. Koehler, M. (2012). Effects of Set and Number of Trial on Problem Solving in Nursing Situation. Official journal of the Eastern Nursing Research Society and the Western Institute of Nursing, 12(2), 108-111 3. Bayman, P. A., & Hussain, T. (2007). Receptionists perceptions of violence in general practice. Occupational Medicine, 57(7), 492-498. 4. Crabbe, J. M. (2004). Are health professionals being caught in the crossfire? The personal implications of caring for trauma victims. Emergency Medicine Journal, 21(5), 568-572. 5. Horsfall, J., & Royal College of Nursing, Australia. (2013). Violence and nursing. Deakin, A.C.T: Royal College of Nursing journal, 3(2), 23-28. 6. Landau, S. F., & Bendalak, Y. (2010). The Role of Individual, Situational and Interactional Factors in Violence: The Case of Personnel Victimization in Hospital Emergency Wards. International Review of Victimology, 17(1), 97-130. 7. Miedema, B., Macintyre, L., Tatemichi, S., Lambert-Lanning, A., Lemire, F., Manca, D., et al. (2012). How the Medical Culture Contributes to Coworker-Perpetrated Harassment and Abuse of Family Physicians. The Annals of Family Medicine, 5(2), 111-117. 8. McCutcheon, H. (2011). Using evidence to guide nursing practice. Journal of the American Psychiatric Nurses Association,12(7), S4-S10. 9. Nachreiner, N. M. (2005). Relation Between Policies And Work Related Assault: Minnesota Nurses Study.Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 62(10), 675-681. 10. Ogundipe, K. O., Etonyeaku, A. C., Adigun, I., Ojo, E. O., Aladesanmi, T., Taiwo, J. O., et al. (2013). Violence in the emergency department: a multicentre survey of nurses perceptions in Nigeria.Emergency Medicine Journal, 30(9), 758-762. 3. Annotated Bibliography 1. Alimohammadi, H., Sadrabad, A. Z., Bidarizerehpoosh, F., Derakhshanfar, H., Shahrami, A., & Rad, R. F. (2013). Residents experiences in dealing with abuse in emergency department: a survey in Iran hospitals. Emergency Medicine Journal, 30(9), 732-734. According to the article, it is important to make ED safer for every user. It can be attained by deliberate management policies of workplace violence, staff training, reporting systems, and adequate security on violence prevention. The interviews were audiotaped and checked their accuracy level before entering the data into the management system of the computer. The researchers used QSR to help in management of qualitative data. Other procedures that were used in enhancing the findings credibility reveal the attention of the author to the process of analysis. The article situated the finding within the reviewed literature by using statements like consistent with results from the past studies. The articles normally discussed decision-making, choices, treatment preferences, and interaction with patients. The future research is required to explore the understanding of the patients and the nurses of the decision-making and conditions. 2. Koehler, M. (2012). Effects of Set and Number of Trial on Problem Solving in Nursing Situation. Official journal of the Eastern Nursing Research Society and the Western Institute of Nursing, 12(2), 108-111. According to this article, health care workers are routinely “forced” to handle a patient who is delirious, agitated, or even aggressive, particularly on psychiatric units, in nursing homes, and in EDs. This article suggests that when this agitation worsens to full-blown assault, health nurses are always the victims. Accordingly, some nurses from various parts of the world are protesting over what they term inadequate protections in their workplace. Perhaps more astonishing was the responses of nurses to the abuse. According to this article, among those physically assaulted in workplace, 38% of them talked with their colleagues afterward, while only 19% moves to file a formal report. The article posits that very few nurses actually report abuse in part simply because they always feel abandoned as far as the support of managers or the administrators, whenever these incidents arise, is concerned. 3. Bayman, P. A., & Hussain, T. (2007). Receptionists perceptions of violence in general practice. Occupational Medicine,57(7), 492-498. According to the article, there is a rise in mental health issues from the time of pre-conflict to post conflict. The published articles use the same methods and they focused on the same phenomena that guide the adequacy of the sample size. The breadth in research tool was enhanced by the attention of the researcher to different perspectives advantage points related to the research topic. The breadth was clear due to various sampling of various providers of health. The research tools were enhanced by the type and number of points of data collection within the inquiry. 4. Crabbe, J. M. (2004). Are health professionals getting caught in the crossfire? The personal implications of caring for trauma victims. Emergency Medicine Journal, 21(5), 568-572. In the article, the author discusses if the health professions get caught in the crossfire. If there was an increase, it needs to be attributed to exposures that are conflict related. It is also evident that some groups are vulnerable to conflict effect on mental health. The researchers judged the sample adequacy for the study on how completely or comprehensively the article answered the research questions. The tools were consistent with procedures of grounded theory whereby the interviews that were carried out in the beginning of the procedure lasted for long than those that happened later. 5. Horsfall, J., & Royal College of Nursing, Australia. (2013). Violence and nursing. Deakin, A.C.T: Royal College of Nursing journal, 3(2), 23-28. The article explores how nurses often encounter abused children, battered women, and other victims of the family violence within hospital as well as emergency room settings. The article claims that nurses therefore play a unique and significant role in the inhibition, identification, and alleviation of violence. The article is a resource which provides all-inclusive, nursing-focused coverage of child abuse, intimate partner violence (IPV), and more. It offers the graduate as well as the undergraduate nursing students a perfect view of the critical theories, interventions, and problems surrounding family violence and nursing. 6. Landau, S. F., & Bendalak, Y. (2010). The Role of Individual, Situational and Interactional Factors in Violence: The Case of Personnel Victimization in Hospital Emergency Wards. International Review of Victimology, 17(1), 97-130. The article portrays limitation that it is difficult to specify the kind of questions that will pre-conflict the mental health. Through interviews, the researcher asked the participants questions on the experience. The researcher therefore, used the three strategies of collecting data enabling them offer a most complete and proper understanding of the scenario. The tools documented different strategies that were used by providers in shifting the patients to palliative type of treatment. The article situated the finding within the reviewed literature by using statements like consistent with results from the past studies. The articles normally discussed decision-making, choices, treatment preferences, and interaction with patients. The future research is required to explore the understanding of the patients and the nurses of the decision-making and conditions. 7. Miedema, B., Macintyre, L., Tatemichi, S., Lambert-Lanning, A., Lemire, F., Manca, D., et al. (2012). How the Medical Culture Contributes to Coworker-Perpetrated Harassment and Abuse of Family Physicians. The Annals of Family Medicine, 10(2), 111-117. The findings in the articles have effects from mental healthcare globally. If further discusses detailed knowledge on the effect of political violence against chronic social problems. The participants used interview as a research tool to gather information from the respondents. The interviews were carried out using questions that were open ended and only lasted for 1 hour or 1 hour 30 minutes. Later interviews in the research lasted from 30 minutes to 1 hour as the questions became focused. 8. McCutcheon, H. (2011). Using evidence to guide nursing practice. Journal of the American Psychiatric Nurses Association, 12(7), S4-S10. In this article, nurses are depicted as America’s most valued and trusted profession. Increasingly, they are depicted as compassionate, honest and trustworthy. It also paints the experiences of lateral violence amongst fresh graduate nurses as being obvious or cloaked. Circumstances might range on the continuum from segregation or intimidation to verbal abuse. According to the article, considering the health care’s view is it never paramount to offer a healthy work environment which promotes professional development and increases fresh graduates retention. The article gives an example of a new graduate who experienced lateral violence with the intention that his experience will motivate some others concerned urgencies to take a stand in ending lateral violence amongst fresh graduates. 9. Nachreiner, N. M. (2005). Relation Between Policies And Work Related Assault: Minnesota Nurses Study.Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 62(10), 675-681. In the article, there is a strong and significant association between the illnesses and the domestic abuse and notable complaints from the psychiatrist like alcohol misuse, self-harm, and depression. The article also includes the method of grounded theory that attempts in influencing the choices. Omitting the data did not weaken the research, but added another perspective on the question of the research. 10. Ogundipe, K. O., Etonyeaku, A. C., Adigun, I., Ojo, E. O., Aladesanmi, T., Taiwo, J. O., et al. (2013). Violence in the emergency department: a multicentre survey of nurses perceptions in Nigeria.Emergency Medicine Journal, 30(9), 758-762. According to the article, other associations tend to occur with pregnancy termination, and other medically unexplained signs. The researcher uses a sample size that is not too small which may have particular and unique findings like quantitative generalizability or qualitative transferability. In this article, the study was carried out involving participants that were recruited from family practice and home health, and oncology practice. The article situated the finding within the reviewed literature by using statements like consistent with results from the past studies. The articles normally discussed decision-making, choices, treatment preferences, and interaction with patients. The future research is required to explore the understanding of the patients and the nurses of the decision-making and conditions. b. Efficacy The researchers actually collected enough evidence that reveal massive nursing problems in healthcare system. All the researchers agree that violence in nursing is a problem which can manifest itself in various ways as shown in the annotated bibliography. Therefore, these evidences given are sufficient to push for a recommendation as far as practice change is concerned. c. Tools The researchers definitely used different tools in their research with the most common tools adapted to nearly every research article being statistical analysis software, qualitative research analysis software, and electronic data capture. d. Effect on Results The different tools the researchers used didn`t significantly affect the results. In fact, the utilization of various tools emphasized the empirical and scientific aspect of the article. 4. Evidence Summary The usual victims of violence in healthcare system are always the nurses (Landau & Bendalak, 2010). Men were normally responsible for violence, which normally happened in the evening (Horsfall, J., & Royal College of Nursing, Australia, 2013). The weapons were not usually used. The main reason for violence is due to overcrowding in the emergency rooms, inadequate security system, and longer waiting time. Most of the institutions lacked the basic approached to prevent. The violence in the Emergency Department is very common and widely spread (Nachreiner, 2005). The staff found in the department receives abuses both verbally and physically with the nurses bearing the highest impact. The violence is very lethal and common and various institutions are not prepared to handle the situation. From the research, it is noted that most of the participant are aware of how to define violence. More than three quarter of the participants witnessed the violence while more than 50 per cent had been victims before (Bayman & Hussain, 2007). Majority of the workers especially the nurses were dissatisfied with the Emergency Departments that were rated not safe. Therefore, it is important to make the department safer for users. This can only be attained by implementing management policy for zero tolerance to violence at work place, adequate security, effective reporting, and staff training on violence prevention. The two criteria used to develop this summary were to: first, identify the most common theme from the articles and then establish the motivating factor behind carrying out that particular research. 5. Recommendation As a nursing strategy, I specifically recommend legislative consequences for people who commit the act of violence in healthcare workplace. In part because of the work of most professional nursing organization, over half of the American states have made criminal offences for such like offenders official (Miedema, Macintyre, Tatemichi, Lambert-Lanning, Lemire, Manca, et al. 2012). This made a strong warning that such acts will never be tolerated (McCutcheon, 2011). The strategy for nurses to impact policy includes making available the workplace violence toolkit that is designed for the nurses to implement and develop a comprehensive policy (Crabbe, 2004). The strategy will also provide practical solutions and resources to address the violence at the department. The strategy also provides the tools and templates that offer easy procedures to customize prevention plan of the violence (Alimohammadi, Sadrabad, Bidarizerehpoosh, Derakhshanfar, Shahrami, & Rad, 2013). Additionally, the reporting and correspondence templates help the stakeholders to understand the positive steps for units to ensure the nurses are safe. There is no single solution to curb the issue of violence in Emergency Department (Haywood & Scott, 1999). 6. Theoretical model It is important to use theoretical model in nursing research. The model is advantageous because it give direction, meaning, and inform thinking to nursing research. The morel tends to exemplify the followings, which offer specific direction for theoretical model based research. The steps include developing a comprehensive understanding of research rules and substantive content. It also reviews the present researches that are guided by the theoretical model. The model also constructs the empirical structure of concepts. In addition, it concludes the report with empirical adequacy evaluation of the credibility and middle range theory of the model. References Alimohammadi, H., Sadrabad, A. Z., Bidarizerehpoosh, F., Derakhshanfar, H., Shahrami, A., & Rad, R. F. (2013). Residents experiences in dealing with abuse in emergency department: a survey in Iran hospitals. Emergency Medicine Journal, 30(9), 732-734. Bayman, P. A., & Hussain, T. (2007). Receptionists perceptions of violence in general practice. Occupational Medicine,57(7), 492-498. Crabbe, J. M. (2004). Are health professionals being caught in the crossfire? The personal implications of caring for trauma victims. Emergency Medicine Journal, 21(5), 568-572. Horsfall, J., & Royal College of Nursing, Australia. (2013). Violence and nursing. Deakin, A.C.T: Royal College of Nursing journal, 3(2), 23-28. Koehler, M. (2012). Effects of Set and Number of Trial on Problem Solving in Nursing Situation. Official journal of the Eastern Nursing Research Society and the Western Institute of Nursing, 12(2), 108-111. Landau, S. F., & Bendalak, Y. (2010). The Role of Individual, Situational and Interactional Factors in Violence: The Case of Personnel Victimization in Hospital Emergency Wards. International Review of Victimology, 17(1), 97-130. Nachreiner, N. M. (2005). Relation Between Policies And Work Related Assault: Minnesota Nurses Study.Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 62(10), 675-681. McCutcheon, H. (2011). Using evidence to guide nursing practice. Journal of the American Psychiatric Nurses Association,12(7), S4-S10. Miedema, B., Macintyre, L., Tatemichi, S., Lambert-Lanning, A., Lemire, F., Manca, D., et al. (2012). How the Medical Culture Contributes to Coworker-Perpetrated Harassment and Abuse of Family Physicians. The Annals of Family Medicine, 5(2), 111-117. Ogundipe, O. K., Aladesanmi, T., Adigun, A. I., Taiwo, O. J., Etonyeaku, C. A., Ojo, O. E., & Obimakinde, S. O. (2011). Violence in the emergency department: a multicentre survey of nurses perception. Injury Prevention, 16(Supplement 1), 758-762. Read More