Basic Philosophy behind Quality Management Systems - Assignment Example

Quality Management Systems Name Date Introduction Major philosophers such as Edwards Deming, Joseph Juran and Philip Crosby has made great contribution to the field of quality management systems. One of the main contributiin made by Deming was the development of the 14 points for management which has been used for decades when managing organisation resources while Juran focused more on the organisation level based approach and Philip Crosby focused on achieving the customer needs through quality management system. However, quality improvement tools such as Histogram, Pareto chart and Check Sheets can be used to monitor the company progress on how it improves the quality of its operations. With this in mind, a company must follow the requirements of the ISO 9001 standard which guides its progress in the long term. Explain the basic philosophy behind quality management systems, for example, ideas put forward by quality pioneers such as Deming, Crosby and Juran Edwards Deming is one of the main philosophers behind the quality management systems especially on how various organisation can reduce their overheads and at the same ensure that quality is maintained through the organisation. Most of the suggestion laid down by the Edwards Deming was meant to improve the company performance and at the same time ensure that the company achieves customer loyalty and therefore proposed the concept of the constant improvement to ensure that the operations of a company is a success in the long run, therefore, it is important for a company to focus more on the quality was the main philosophy advocated by the Edwards Deming since this is the only way to control the cost within the company. In fact, he was opposed in cases where the organisation primary focus was the costs given that this in a way affects the quality of the products in general. In his cycle, he was the idea that organisation should plan, then do, check and lastly adjust depending on the conditions in the market (Kuei, Madu, & Lin, 2011). At the same time, he also formulated the 7 deadly diseases for management which limits the organisation effectiveness such as constant job hopping as well as the excessive costs of liability among others. On the other hand, Joseph Juran has also made huge development in the development of quality management systems. His approach was significant since he recommended that when it comes to quality the management should use the organisation level based approach. Through this, he put forward the idea that it is the top management who should lead the quality management process followed by the employees at the lower level in the organisation. It is at this point where he used the Pareto principle to help in fostering his ideas and his contribution in the field of management. In addition, he was more focused on promoting training in the organisation especially to the managers and through this structure a way to eliminate scenario where there may be human relation issues along with the resistance to change. This was to be factored into quality planning, quality control as well as quality improvement (Schroeder, & Shepardson, 2016). Philip Crosby also made the great contribution to quality management though his idea was the organisation should have the ability to execute the right task at the very first attempt. To him, quality can only be achieved if the organisation is able to meet the customer needs with regard to its products and services. Therefore, his focus was the zero defects as well as the absolutes of quality management which includes the first absolute, the next absolute, the third absolute as well as the final absolute. Provide an analysis of the main quality improvement tools that an organisation may use to improve quality, including diagrams where appropriate There are various quality improvement tools that can be used by an organisation to improve the overall quality of the operations (Psomas, & Antony, 2015). The Fishbone Chart or the cause and effect diagram can be used by companies since it helps in the identification process for the problems facing the company and at the same time helps in establishing categories where useful ideas are sorted out. This tool equips an organisation with the ability to identify various problems affecting its operations and laying down strategies to ensure that it succeeds in the long run. The success of an organisation operations depends on its ability to identify the problems affecting its various operations, classifying the identified problems depending on their effect on the organisation and coming up with ideas to solve and eliminate the threat posed by the identified problems (Dumitrescu - Peculea, Oacheșu, & Cerchia, 2015). The diagram below an example of cause and effect diagram The check sheet is another quality improvement tool that has widely been used by multiple institutions across the globe. This tool aids in the date collection process where it equips the organisation with the ability to conduct proper data analysis to identify problematic areas within the organisation. This helps in the change process since the organisation is aware of the areas to work on and the parameters to be used to ensure that quality is improved within the organisation. The diagram below an example of the check sheet While check sheets are widely adopted in most organisations, the use of control, charts as the quality improvement tools has also been fundamental in establishing the process changes within the organization. The diagram below an example of the control chart Histogram requires the use of the numerical data in cases where the organisation has a need to monitor the frequency distribution of certain elements within the organisation. In this case, this improvement tool focuses more on the processes within the organisation. It shows the frequency as well as the occurrence of certain elements within the institutions which affect the quality of the company operations. In most cases, the Histogram can be used to determine whether certain process within the organisation operates as per the required standards or accessing whether it has the ability to meet the customer needs. With this in mind, this also helps in improving the communication process since the data is easily transferred to other parties within the organisation (David Han-Min, & Quang Linh, 2014). The diagram below an example of the histogram Pareto chart is one of the most used quality improvement tools and it is a form of bar graph. It helps in establishing a comparison involving the cost and the frequency of the identified operations within the organisation (Chee Ming, Kathawala, & Sawalha, 2015). It helps in analysing the causes or the problems facing the organisation in terms of how the processes are streamlined in the organisation. At the same time, through the Pareto chart, the organisation has the ability to classify the problems they are facing and using this to determine which problem have the greater effect and should be attended to urgently. The diagram below an example of the Pareto chart Scatter diagrams have also been in operations when the company is measuring and controlling quality within the organisation. The diagram below an example of the scatter diagram Describe the requirements of the ISO 9001 standard and evaluate the application of these within organisations as an appropriate quality management system (QMS) The ISO 9001 standard guides the organisation when applying the quality management systems within the organisation. The standard guidelines can be applied both in service and in the product industry. Quality management requirement This part deals with the overall requirements which include the requirement that the organisation should structure the right quality management system, utilise it as well as come up with the proper improvement processes. However, this should be followed by proper documentation which must incorporate the records, procedures, manual, objectives as well as quality policy (Levine, & Toffel, 2010). This requires the organisation to have the right quality manual which dictates the organisation process on how they approach various parameters within the organisation. This requirement also gives the organisation the opportunity to control the way documents are utilised within the organisation by ensuring that the right procedures followed and proper record management is done. Therefore, this helps an organisation in managing the requirements relating to the control of records, documents as well as the use of the right quality manual. Management requirement The requirement for the management explains in detail how the organization should approach the customer focus, the process of planning for the quality, how the organization should utilize the quality policy once it has been structured come up with the communication plan and at the same time the commitment that the organization has depended on how it approaches quality management. This establishes the centre stage where the organisation establishes the basis for quality management since it helps in linking the customer needs with the policy that has been set in the organisation (Wilkinson, & Dale, 2002). This shows how the inputs and outputs should be utilised in the organisation and in the quality management systems. However, customer feedback at this point is fundamental is the operations of the company is to succeed. Resource management The resource requirements include the foundation of the needs of the organisation especially those that are meant to improve the level of consumer satisfaction. It is the organisation to establish what is required for this to happen. Furthermore, competence is a virtue that should be promoted through the organisation and through this proper infrastructure must be in place to help in the attainment of the set goals. Besides, this can only succeed in the working environment permits so (Rusjan, & Alič, 2010). Product and services requirements This explains in details the requirements that are needed for the products and services to succeed. Through this customer, related process must be streamlined in a way that proper standards are maintained throughout the operations. However, proper communication with customers is important especially through the feedback process and the products and services must be designed in the right manner. Through this proper design process should be managed in the right manner (García, del Río Rama, & Simonetti, 2016). In addition to this, the operations must be managed in the right manner and appropriate monitoring and measuring equipment to measure the progress of the operations. Requirements for Analysis and Improvement This includes the establishment of the processes as well as ways in which the organisation ought to measure those processes to ensure there is maximum customer satisfaction. In addition, information at this point must be collected in the right manner and through this institute measure to continually improve the operations within the organisation (Feng, Terziovski, & Samson, 2007). Explain what is meant by independent 3rd party certification to the ISO 9001 standard and how organisations can become certified. Your answer should include comment on the role of the United Kingdom Accreditation Service (UKAS) United Kingdom Accreditation Service is based in the United Kingdom and is the only body with the right accreditation to offer calibration, inspection, testing and at the same time offers certification to other organisation to determine whether the international agreed standards have been met. The organisations that are certified by the United Kingdom Accreditation Service to access whether the right standards have been met in the United Kingdom are considered as independent third parties. They are permitted to evaluate whether the organisation has adhered to the set requirements but the supervisory role is retained by the United Kingdom Accreditation Service (Tricker, 2014). For the organisation to be awarded the right accreditation, they should possess the ability to access the internationally agreed standards and that it follows them correctly. In addition, for the organisation to be certified, it must possess the ability to analyse and access the organisation working environment and should demonstrate that they have the ability to identify ways in which the standards can be accessed by the company involved. Through this, the organisation involved must have the performance capability, impartiality, as well as the competence to conduct the evaluation in the right manner. Therefore, the role of the United Kingdom Accreditation Service is to check the third parties that it has accredited with the certification on whether they are abiding by the required standards. Explain how an ISO 9001 certified QMS can be effectively managed on an ongoing basis, taking account of the Plan-Do-Check-Act cycle (PDCA) Plan This is the most critical aspect of the Quality MANAGEMENT Systems and at this point, the organisation must comprehend what is required as well as the parties involved. At this points, all the stakeholders' needs must be identified if the scope is to be defined in the right manner. However, this must receive the management support if it is to succeed and also all the support structures must be identified and implemented in the right manner (Srivannaboon, 2009). Do Planning is closely followed by the doing aspect. At this point, the organisation should have the ability to skillfully recognise the controls that define the products or services in the organisations. Through this, the development of design and instituting control should be done to harness the production process (Russell, 2010). Check Quality Management system must be checked to ensure that they are working in the manner that they were intended to. In this case, evaluation, analysing, measuring as well as monitoring must take place to ensure that customer satisfaction is achieved. At this stage, all issues affecting the Quality Management system are identified. Act This takes place once the issues surrounding the Quality Management system has been identified. At this point, all the issues must be addressed before moving to the next step and to eliminate the chances that the final products or services may be compromised. Conclusion Quality management systems are significant for the company progress and it is the best way to ensure that customer needs are met. There are various philosophers such as Deming, Crosby and Juran who have suggested various ways that a company can use in order to ensure that it achieves customer satisfaction. The requirements of the ISO 9001 standard explains in detail on the activities that a company is supposed to engage in to ensure that customer satisfaction as well as customer loyalty is achieved. Furthermore, Plan-Do-Check-Act cycle (PDCA) can be used to monitor if the quality management systems are implemented in the right manner. In this case, The ISO 9001 certified QMS can be management by the organisation if it is managed in the eight manners. Through the Plan-Do-Check-Act cycle, the organisation has the ability to control and ensure that continuous improvement is done throughout the organisation especially with respect to the management of the ISO 9001 certification. The accreditation offered by the United Kingdom Accreditation Service helps in portraying competence and by offering the national accreditation symbols to the different organisation, it transfers the evaluation and assessment process to the organisations identified. This helps in improving the customer's confidence. References Chee Ming, O., Kathawala, Y., & Sawalha, N. (2015). A Model for ISO 9000 Quality Management System Maintenance. Quality Management Journal, 22(2), 11-32. David Han-Min, W., & Quang Linh, H. (2014). 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