Inventory Management and Capacity Management - the University of Wolverhampton - Literature review Example

Operation Management Table of Contents Table of Contents 2 Introduction 3 Outline of the Purpose of the Case Study 5 Theoretical Frameworks 5 Inventory Management and Capacity Management 6 Principles of Supply Chain Management 7 Different Models of Quality 8 Risk Management 9 Waste and Lean Management 9 Application of the Theory 10 Recommendations 16 Conclusion 19 References 21 Introduction The University of Wolverhampton is a United Kingdom based university, which is involved in offering knowledge about areas including wealth creation, financial advancement and social justice among others to the students or the learners. The initial establishment of this university can be traced back in the 19th century. Notably, the institute was globally renowned as a “Wolverhampton Polytechnic” before forming as an entity. In this regard, it can be argued that the “Wolverhampton Mechanics Institute” was established on the early 19th century for conducting research works that are related to varied academic disciplines (University of Wolverhampton, 2014). Over the years, the university has offered wide range of educational courses for the graduate and postgraduate students. In this regard, more specifically, it can be claimed that the University’s library has encouraged the students to acquire more knowledge about diverse fields for their higher education. Moreover, the university has provided extended opportunity of learning such as health and nursing related education for the professional disciplinary students. Simultaneously, in order to facilitate the students in their higher education, the university has established several campuses across the UK. In this context, it is identified that the university has major campuses on West Midlands, Shropshire and Staffordshire. Apart from these, one of its major campuses is positioned in Wolverhampton city centre (University of Wolverhampton1, 2014). According to the report of the University of Wolverhampton (2014), the university possesses approximately 23,000 students who have been studying several courses of different educational fields for acquiring better understanding about numerous opportunities in business as well as professional world. On the other hand, the university employs in excess of 2500 staff in its four campuses. It will be vital to mention that the university has focused on the dynamic aspects for supporting the career growth and excellence of its students. Additionally, it can be perceived that the university has provided utmost attention towards the notion of “Innovation and Opportunity” for enhancing the quality and excellence of its students. More importantly, the university is globally renowned due to its exceptional resources. At the same time, it can be claimed that the university has become a centre of attraction for the students due to its world leading research potentialities. This university also concentrated on culture, arts and design related aspects for creating a position impression amid the students throughout the globe. Besides, the university has built an encouraging environment, which certainly assisted in expanding its goodwill in the respective field (University of Wolverhampton, 2014). Based on the report published by the University of Wolverhampton2 (2014), it can be perceived that the university has structured its operations in different segments in accordance with the understanding of its operational efficiency. In this regard, it can be argued that the university has segmented its operations in various departments such as arts, science and engineering, social science, health care and nursing among others. Moreover, as per the report, it can be found that over the years, the university faced several critical challenges in the domains of principles of management and leadership along with operations management. These challenges eventually imposed considerable impact on its overall performance in the respective field (University of Wolverhampton2, 2014; University of Wolverhampton3, 2014). Outline of the Purpose of the Case Study This particular case study has been mainly written for gaining a clear idea about the activities perform by the organisation i.e. the University of Wolverhampton and the utility of varied operational management concepts in the same. The central focus of this case study has been laid on identifying the operations management related aspects that play an important role in maintaining the effectiveness as well as competitiveness of this university in global domain. In this regard, the case study have taken into concern reviewing current literatures with the aim of identifying the essential aspects of operations management, which supported the university to enhance its competency in education field. At the same time, the case study endeavoured to highlight the impact of operations management, which can influence the performance of the university in long term. Specially mentioning, the successful completion of the case study will certainly aid in determining the effectiveness and superiority of the main library of the University of Wolverhampton, which guide the students to develop their career in the form of procuring valuable resources relevant to studies. Theoretical Frameworks According to the viewpoints of Rao & et. al. (2011), operations management is regarded as one of the valued aspects through which an organisation can enhance its operational efficiency. At the same time, operations management also can assist an organisation towards managing its resources in an efficient manner. In this regard, O’Brien & et. al. (2004) argued that organisations can enhance their respective operational performance by considering certain significant aspects entailing speed, reliability, flexibility, quality and cost among others. In this regard, the report of the University of Wolverhampton4 (2014) deciphered that the library of the university has concentrated on maintaining operational aspects by incorporating certain dimensions, resulting in offering more opportunities to the students. At the same time, it can be inferred that the university has attempted to enhance the operational efficiency of its main library in the form of providing better career opportunity and developing skills and knowledge of the students (University of Wolverhampton4, 2014; Rao & et. al., 2011; O’Brien & et. al., 2004). Inventory Management and Capacity Management With regards to the viewpoints presented by Retief & Terblanche (2006), inventory control is principally viewed to be one of the imperative aspects, which aids in maintaining the service quality of an academic library. In this regard, it can be claimed that library catalogue is identified as a valuable constituent, which usually assists in revealing required information from the library by effectively using the accessible resources. Universities can maintain the quality of their respective libraries by concentrating on the effectiveness as well as excellence of inventory management. In this context, it can be claimed that the quality of the libraries depends on the availability of the resources. At the same time, it is strongly believed that library catalogue also play a decisive part in raising the quality of the libraries in the form of identifying specific information resources present in the same whenever needed. In this regard, Oh (2003) identified that in the contemporary era, the overall competition amongst the higher education institutions as well as global universities has enlarged in an extensive manner. As an effect, it is witnessed that the modern institutions of higher education have provided utmost attention on maintaining the global standards of excellence of their academic libraries. In this context, it is revealed that in order to enhance the services quality of academic libraries and meet the needs as well as the expectations of the students, modern universities and high education institutes have concentrated on different aspects relating to inventory management (Retief & Terblanche, 2006; Oh, 2003). On the other hand, based on the report of CA Technologies (2014), it is revealed that modern universities and high education institutes have concentrated on the notion of capacity management with the aim of providing maximum opportunities to the students in extracting their required learning materials effectively. At the same time, by concentrating and enhancing the capacity of the libraries, modern high education institutes have tried to ensure deliverance of benefits for the students in their career and employment. In this context, Dhawan (n.d.) argued that adult learning, education and training related opportunities can be improved by the assistance of planning as well as organising. Thus, educational institutes should consider standard management values as well as library procedures and techniques for enhancing the capacity and effectiveness of inventory management (CA Technologies, 2014; Dhawan, n.d.). Principles of Supply Chain Management According to Kress & Wisner (2012), the notion of supply chain management (SCM) is regarded as one of the prime operational aspects, which usually assists an organisation or an education institute to improve its quality of services. It will be vital to mention in this regard that by concentrating on the flow of delivery of information or services, overall quality of a library can be improved. The idea of SCM is fundamentally viewed to be such an effective and economical approach based on which it is possible to ensure flow of information in an adequate manner. Thus, by maintaining the principles of SCM in the context of education field, it can be possible to maintain the flow of academic literatures and knowledge amongst the students, which will certainly ensure the quality of libraries in a more appropriate manner. Simultaneously, it can be claimed that through incorporating the principles of SCM, high level educational institutes and universities belonging to this modern day context will be able to enhance the services quality of their respective libraries. At the same time, it will also assist the distinct educational institutions to fulfil the expectations of the students and the readers. On the other hand, the different practices of SCM can help the educational institutes to gather several knowledge and information from varied sources as well as database providers such as digital media and researches. This might usually help the students as well as the readers to gain wide range of knowledge about their respective studies on which they concentrate at large (Kress & Wisner, 2012). Different Models of Quality In relation to the standpoints of Tammaro (2005), the “World Trade Organisation General Agreement on Trade in Services” (WTO-GATS) has set certain quality related rules for the “Library and Information Science” (LIS), which is recognised as the most venerable part of the knowledge sector. Quality of LIS has become more sensitive in the contemporary era due to the effects of value judgment face by different stakeholders such as students, teachers and government among others. Quality control mechanism is generally chosen by the educational institutes with the aim of ensuring quality assurance benchmark for the LIS. In this regard, in order to ensure the following of LIS guidelines, modern institutes have attempted to maintain internal institutional criteria of the LIS Schools. In this context, several supervising authorities have executed varied quality assessment evaluation as well as external review programs for auditing the quality and standards of the public libraries (Tammaro, 2005). Risk Management Based on the report published by the Society of Actuaries (2008), it can be ascertained that risk management process has become a strategic component in case of LIS. In this regard, it can be argued that ‘enterprise resource management’ (ERM) framework helps contemporary educational institutes to enhance the efficiency of risk management, which usually gets aligned with the interests of the stakeholders. Moreover, it can be apparently observed that ERM frameworks help to ensure the accountability and reliability of LIS programs. In this regard, Breighner & Payton (n.d.) argued that better risk management judgments can protect the assets of the libraries from serious loss. It is worth mentioning that the quality of operations of libraries belonging to distinct educational institutions can get enhanced by concentrating on assessing risk management approaches. Additionally, it can be claimed that by maintaining the risk management guidelines, modern institutes can reduce obligations and negative consequences during the administrative operations and control of library. Thus, it can be argued that risk management is a strategic technique or approach through which it can be possible to recognise and fulfil the objectives of LIS (Society of Actuaries, 2008; Breighner & Payton, n.d.). Waste and Lean Management According to the viewpoints of Yamagar & Ravanan (n.d.), lean management principles are highly essential for an institute or a business entity to maintain its valuable information resources in a sequential manner. At the same time, lean management principles also help in case of inventory control and waste management. The primary aim of such principles is to ensure material management in an efficient manner. In this regard, it can be claimed that lean management principles may find their applicability in case of maintaining the accounting terminology of assets. On the other hand, it can be argued that lean management principles also assist in case of process utilisation, which is required in LIS management. Simultaneously, these help in case of work scheduling, which usually raises the capacity of designing and likewise fulfil the expectations of the stakeholders by a considerable extent (Yamagar & Ravanan, n.d.). Application of the Theory Notably, the University of Wolverhampton is being reviewed by the “Quality Assurance Agency” (QAA) for ensuring the quality of LIS in case of delivering higher education to the students. As noted by Retief & Terblanche (2006), the university might have used inventory control mechanism in case of maintaining library catalogue as well as shelf order. As an effect, it can be witnessed that through the assistance of inventory control mechanism, the University of Wolverhampton has enhanced the quality of services and also met the requirements of the users in an efficient manner. At the same time, it is projected that inventory control mechanism might have also improved the overall performance of the university in terms of service encounter (Retief & Terblanche, 2006). Based on the above discussion, it can be inferred that inventory control measures have been utilised by the University of Wolverhampton with the aim of ensuring the effectiveness of the materials in case of LIS. In this regard, it is revealed that through enhancing the efficiency of the inventory control mechanism, it can be possible to reduce the chances of uncertainty. Simultaneously, it can be claimed that the university has concentrated on adopting varied inventory control related measures with the intention of enhancing the quality of services through fulfilling the needs and expectations of the stakeholders. Moreover, it is notified that the university has implemented “Activity Based Costing” (ABC) model during the inventory control for materials, which certainly reduced the operational costs. Apart from this, it can also be ascertained that the university might have applied JIT approach in order to ensure the flow of demand and supply in case of LIS and information resource management. Additionally, it can be claimed that the University of Wolverhampton’s library has utilised suitable computer based systems for enhancing the operational efficiency of the same as per the expectations of the users (Retief & Terblanche, 2006). It is worth mentioning that in order to ensure the quality performance of the library staff, the University of Wolverhampton remained much focused on developing its operational as well as functional activities. Identifiably, the above stated university has performed certain basic functions for improving the quality of SCM related principles. On the other hand, the university has also tried to develop the operational efficiency of its library by collecting information, materials and intellectual property rights along with research data management in more appropriate manner (Kress & Wisner, 2012). Based on the report of Ministry of Education and Culture (2011), it is identified that in the contemporary era, public libraries have concentrated on the strategic areas with the intention of attaining the predetermined objectives and goals of the knowledge based institutes. In this regard, it can be claimed that in order to enhance the quality of library operations, the University of Wolverhampton has directly concentrated on every aspect of LIS, such as staff, information resources, collection and awareness along with security related dimensions among others. Moreover, it can be claimed that the university has applied advanced technologies and equipment with the aim of enhancing the quality of its library system. Simultaneously, the above stated university emphasised conducting cross-administrative networking for improving the quality of library services that are provided to the users. On the other hand, it is also revealed that in the contemporary era, modern libraries have adopted flexible approaches for ensuring the development of library service in a systematic manner. Furthermore, it can be argued that modern educational libraries have applied online services for fulfilling the needs and expectations of the stakeholders and forming a quality learning culture within the educational institutes (Ministry of Education and Culture, 2011). In relation to the above context, it can be claimed through enhancing the proficiency and competence of library management, educational institutes can make better decisions. At the same time, it can be mentioned that through adopting an anticipatory approach, library management principles can be developed, which usually helps in enhancing the operational efficiency of the libraries. In this regard, it can be claimed that the University of Wolverhampton has improved its library services by reducing the operating as well as library material expenses. Moreover, it can be argued that through concentrating on the quality of services, the university does not only enhance the opportunity for the students in terms of academic viewpoint, rather it developed the skills, knowledge and lifestyle of the readers. These eventually supported in forming ethically based educational as well as cultural rights for the students and teachers in relation to knowledge sector (Ministry of Education and Culture, 2011). Based on the above stated context, the report of Shibanda (2002) depicted that over the previous few decades, libraries of several universities have incorporated Management Information System (MIS) with the aim of enhancing the operational efficiency of the LIS. This certainly helped the global educational institutes to enhance the operational efficiency of varied SCM principles and also improved the decision-making procedure at large. In this regard, it can be claimed that the University of Wolverhampton has enhanced its operational as well as functional efficiency through incorporating computer based information systems, which has helped to satisfy the needs and expectation of its stakeholders. It will be vital to mention in this regard that the inclusion of computer based approach has helped the modern educational libraries to meet the desires and the objectives of the institutes. Specially mentioning, with the use of different MIS principles, the overall process, storage and information resource system of the university has developed as per the expectations of the stakeholders. In this case, it can be argued that the University of Wolverhampton has incorporated cloud-based solution for enhancing the operational efficiency pertaining to LIS. On the other hand, it can be claimed that through the incorporation of varied technological aspects, modern educational institutes have enhanced the opportunity level for the students and the readers at large (Shibanda, 2002). In this regard, it can be apparently observed that modern educational institutes have concentrated on varied quality assessment criteria along with lean management principles with the aim of ensuring quality improvement of their respective libraries. At the same time, it can be argued that educational libraries also have tried to enhance their efficiency and capacity through incorporating risk management framework. This is mainly because the framework associated with risk management has the potentiality to ensure smooth flow of information, resources and maintain the values along with the principles of operations management. Apart from this, it is also notified that in order to evaluate the quality of library management, there lays the requirement of utilising the approach of Total Quality Management (TQM) tools for identifying the standards and benchmark of the libraries in this competitive educational setting (Shibanda, 2002). According to the viewpoints of Dowd & Machell (2013), it is depicted that the University of Wolverhampton has incorporated ERM framework in its LIS for enhancing the trend of learning process. Simultaneously, it can be argued that the university has also utilised technical infrastructure for implementing changes in the LIS and lessening traditional challenges and problems that are related with the notion of information resource management. Additionally, it can be claimed that the University of Wolverhampton might have utilised the notion of Library Management System (LMS) for making better decisions. As an effect, it is witnessed that the students and the teachers of the university have been able to improve their respective skills and efficiency during the execution of LMS. On the other hand, it is also notified that the changing trend of LMS has certainly raised opportunities for the University of Wolverhampton in the form of influencing virtual learning environment for the students of the institute and improving their knowledge base as well (Dowd & Machell, 2013). Based on the viewpoints presented by Dowd & Machell (2013), it can be argued that the University of Wolverhampton has duly considered certain measures for ensuring solutions relating to information resource gap. In this regard, it is perceived that the university has maintained a routine system for maintaining the standards of LMS. At the same time, it can be argued that the university has tried to develop the operations of LIS in an effective way. Identifiably, the above stated university has introduced efficient Information Systems (IS) team for developing the notion of information resource management. In this regard, Dowd & Machell (2013) claimed that the introduction of IS can help individuals as well as business entities to establish a communicational bridge, which eventually ensure smooth as well as better distribution and flow of information. In this regard, it can be evidently claimed that by focusing on IS support, the University of Wolverhampton has enhanced its decision making capacity up to the expectations of its varied users. On the other hand, it can be argued that through incorporating the IS team, the university has improved its supply and distribution procedure in terms of electronic format (Dowd & Machell, 2013). By reviewing varied academic literatures as conducted above, it can be found that due to the implication of contemporary trend of LIS, the overall LIS environment for the educational institutes has developed at large. Simultaneously, it is also revealed that for meeting the increasing demand and expectations of the stakeholders, the University of Wolverhampton has applied certain technological aspects that certainly enhanced the overall situation of LMS. Moreover, it can be argued that through integration of quality assessment tools, the university is able to enhance its capability in terms of LIS. Additionally, it can be claimed that the university has also ensured its leading position amongst the global educational institutes by following the above discussed theoretical aspects or procedures. According to the viewpoints of Dowd & Machell (2013), in the contemporary era, several educational institutional libraries have adopted Information Technology (IT) system and digital library services for better execution and implementation of LMS, which has improved efficiency of the LIS systems. In this regard, it can also be claimed that the modern universities also emphasised making the flow and distribution of information quite smooth to form a strong communicational bridge between the suppliers and the consumers of library staff. Thus, it will be better to state that the flow of SCM principles has certainly reduced the boundaries of LMS by a considerable extent (Dowd & Machell, 2013). Recommendations Based on the above discussion, it can be inferred that through the help of inventory management concept, the University of Wolverhampton’s library department can adequately manage the control of materials in an efficient manner. Apart from this, the inclusion of varied inventory management related principles can help the library department of the university towards meeting the expectations of the stakeholders more quickly and apparently. In this regard, it can be recommended that the library department of the university may incorporate inventory control models for ensuring better utilisation of its available resources. More specifically, it can be suggested that through incorporating continuous monitoring process in the inventory systems, the overall performance gap of the library can be reduced, which may encourage in meeting the expectations and requirements of the stakeholders. Apart from this, through the application of inventory management in the library department, it can be possible to maintain the sequential arrangement of library staff more significantly. At the same time, by using such inventory application, educational institutional libraries can provide active support to the users in acquiring their respective required study materials or resources (Retief & Terblanche, 2006). Simultaneously, from the foregoing discussion, it is revealed that the principles of SCM have helped the main libraries of educational institutions in attaining long-term success in the form of complying with the expectations of the students and teachers as well as other professional readers. Moreover, it is also identified that through the help of supply chain model, educational institutional libraries have been able to ensure maintaining smooth co-ordination of their respective information resources. At the same time, through the integration of supply chain model, educational institutional libraries have ensured the availability of research data management support in terms of intellectual property rights as well as information materials. In this regard, it can be recommended that through following the varied SCM principles, educational institutional libraries may improve their overall effectiveness in terms of strengthening user base. In addition, it can also be perceived that by incorporating the supply chain model, the libraries belonging to diverse educational institutions will improve the operations of administration and attain greater success in terms of raising profitability level (Kress & Wisner, 2012). Apart from the above stated factors it can be asserted that the principles of lean management have developed the operations of library department for any educational institute. This can be justified with reference to the fact that the distinct lean principles have enhanced the operational efficiency of educational libraries by promoting the notion of waste management at large. At the same time, it is also observed that lean operations have certainly ensured faster execution of materials within the libraries. In this regard, it can be recommended that educational institutional libraries can enhance the material handling capabilities through incorporation of the techniques of “Just in Time” (JIT) approach. Thus, it can be claimed that by incorporating the application of JIT approach, it can be possible to meet the objectives of lean management principles more apparently, which will help the educational institutional libraries to enhance the efficiency of administrative operations and develop the overall services quality (Tammaro, 2005). Simultaneously, it has been quite evident from the above discussion that by incorporating ERM framework, the main library of the University of Wolverhampton can develop its risk management capabilities. In this regard, it can be recommended that through developing integrated strategic capabilities, the university can enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of its operations related to its library. Apart from this, it can also be suggested that by ensuring accountability on risk management guidance, the university can comply with the expectations of the stakeholders at large. On the other hand, it can be claimed that good risk management culture will certainly help the university to reduce any sort of risk while conducting regular operations. Consequently, the above stated practice might reduce operational risks by improving risk management performance in case of LIS (Society of Actuaries, 2008). Additionally, based on the above discussion, it can be ascertained that lean management principles play an imperative part in supporting the modern educational libraries towards smoothly controlling their respective material management principles effectively. In this regard, it is identified that by incorporating lean management based principles, the main library of the University of Wolverhampton can attain superior competitive position in the knowledge sector. At the same time, application of lean management principles can assist the university’s library to deliver benefits to the users in the form of making the resources available for a longer period. In this regard, it can be recommended to the university that by incorporating positive attitude towards the lean management regulations and by ensuring constant review along with monitoring of lean management process, it can enhance its operational efficiency at large. Simultaneously, the different roles play by the operations managers may also improve the material handling capability of the university by a considerable level (Yamagar & Ravanan, n.d.). Finally, as per the above analysis, it is to be affirmed that the impact of operations can be witnessed on services quality, staff, resources, collection and awareness as well as security of a library. Thus, it can be recommended that for enhancing the quality of LIS, it is essential for the University of Wolverhampton to incorporate quality assessment policies and guidelines. This might contribute in enhancing the services quality and also ensuring the competitive position of the university within the industry. Moreover, it can be suggested that through adopting quality assessment standards, educational libraries can meet the needs and the expectations of the stakeholders including the students, teachers and government among others. According to the report of Ministry of Education Culture (2011), the authority of the University of Wolverhampton may evaluate the LIS with the aim of maintaining the quality of services. At the same time, it is also revealed that through the evaluation of LIS, educational and public libraries can reap the benefit of maximum development from a long-term perspective (Ministry of Education Culture, 2011). Conclusion From the above analysis and discussion, it can be found that in the contemporary era, modern organisations and educational institutions have prioritised following the different concepts of operations management with the aim of enhancing the efficiency and effectiveness of their business process. Throughout the discussion, it has been revealed that educational institutes have also laid utmost focus on distinct approaches of operations management for enhancing the overall performance of learning as well as information services. In this regard, it is depicted that the University of Wolverhampton has incorporated variety of services quality maintaining tools with the aim of enhancing the quality of LIS. Moreover, it is also identified that the university has adopted varied technological measures for ensuring the flow of information resource management. At the same time, it can be ascertained that through the assistance of cloud-based solution, the university has established a positive LMS, which certainly provided maximum opportunities to the users. In relation to the above context, it will be vital to mention that the above stated university conforms the risk management guidelines in order to reduce any sort of risk, which generally emerges during the conduct of operational activities. Besides the following of varied risk management guidelines, the university has applied and maintained the principles of inventory and lean management for ensuring perceived quality of services and reduce complexities during the operations. Thus, in order to conclude this study, it can be claimed that operations management is one of the most essential aspects of business process, which assists the organisations in developing their respective operational efficiency. Furthermore, it can be argued that by incorporating certain measures relating to operations management, modern educational institutes can maintain their operational efficiency and effectiveness at large. On the contrary, lack of utilisation of strategic frameworks can hamper the overall operational capability of such organisations. References Breighner, M. & Payton, W., No Date. A Risk Management Philosophy for Libraries. Chapter 1, pp. 1-8. CA Technologies, 2014. Efficiency, Optimization and Predictive Reliability. White Paper, pp. 1-15. Dhawan, S. M., No Date. Managing a Library. UNESCO, pp. 181-188. Dowd, J. & Machell, F., 2013. Cloud Atlas: University of Wolverhampton’s Journey into the Library Management System Cloud. SCONUL Focus, Vol. 58, pp. 44-47. Kress, N. & Wisner, J., 2012. A Supply Chain Model for Library Quality and Service Improvement. Journal of Operations and Supply Chain Management, Vol. 5, Num. 2, pp 40-53. Ministry of Education Culture, 2011. Quality Recommendation for Public Libraries. Culture, Vol. 35, pp. 1-32. O’Brien, L. & et. al., 2004. Operations and Business Management. Harlow Pearson. Oh, D. G., 2003. Complaining Behaviour of Public Library Users in South Korea. Library and Information Science Research, Vol. 25, Iss. 1, pp. 43-62. Rao, C. M. & et. al. 2011. Delivery Performance Measurement in an Integrated Supply Chain Management: Case Study in Batteries Manufacturing Firm. Serbian Journal of Management, Vol. 6, Iss. 2, pp. 205 – 220. Retief, E. & Terblanche, F., 2006. The Role of Inventory Control in the Service Quality of an Academic Library in Regard to Library Material Access. Mousaion, Vol. 24, Iss. 1, pp. 75-95. Shibanda, G. G., 2002. Development Strategy of a Technological University Library Management Information System (MIS): A Case of MOI University, Kenya. International Association of University of Libraries, pp. 1-15. Tammaro, A. M., 2005. Report on Quality Assurance Models in LIS Programs. Education and Training Section, pp. 1-33. University of Wolverhampton, 2014. About the University. About Us. [Online] Available at: http://www.wlv.ac.uk/about-us/ [Accessed December 27, 2014]. University of Wolverhampton1, 2014. Our History. About Us. [Online] Available at: http://www.wlv.ac.uk/about-us/our-history/ [Accessed December 27, 2014]. University of Wolverhampton2, 2014. University Structure. About Us. [Online] Available at: http://www.wlv.ac.uk/about-us/university-structure/ [Accessed December 27, 2014]. University of Wolverhampton3, 2014. Management and Leadership of Emergency Incidents. About Us. [Online] Available at: http://www.wlv.ac.uk/about-us/our-schools-and-institutes/faculty-of-education-health-and-wellbeing/institute-of-health-professions/continuing-professional-development/continuing-professional-development/stand-alone-modules/level-7-modules/management-and-leadership-of-emergency-incidents/ [Accessed December 27, 2014]. University of Wolverhampton4, 2014. Wolverhampton Has World Leading Research. About Us. [Online] Available at: http://www.wlv.ac.uk/about-us/news-and-events/latest-news/featured-news/wolverhampton-has-world-leading-research.php [Accessed December 27, 2014]. Yamagar, A. C. & Ravanan, P. M., No Date. Material Management by Using Lean Manufacturing Principles a Case Study. Quality and Production Systems, pp. 104-112. Read More