Analysis of a New Reservation Protocol in Optical Burst Switched Networks - Research Paper Example

Contents Contents 1 Abstract 1 Introduction 2 1.1: The Onset of INI as A New Protocol to OBS 2 1.1.1: Tell and Wait (TAW) and Just enough Time (JET) 3 1.1.2: Just enough Time (JET) 3 1.3: Intermediate-Node-Initiated (INI) Signaling: A Hybrid of the One-Way and Two-Way Techniques. 4 1.4: Conclusion 5 Full Copyright Notice 6 Works Cited 7 A NEW RESERVATION PROTOCOL IN OPTICAL BURST SWITCHED NETWORKS Abstract In this article, I present the newest technique in optical burst network. The Intermediate Node Initiated (INI) Signaling techniques offers a unique hybrid of the namely tell and wait (TAW) and just enough time (JET). It builds on the strengths of the two techniques and caters for the limitations which are present in the two techniques. In order to effectively showcase this aspect, the article describes how the two signal ling techniques operate, their strength and weaknesses. The article provides an analysis of the onset of the technique, how it works, its strengths and ends up with a conclusion on the future of the technique. Introduction This article discus the new signaling technique, INI, which provide a new reservation for the optical burst networks. It provides a framework for OSN which provide guidelines on the performance of the signaling techniques on the different parameters in the framework (Vokkarane, b 20). There are two signaling techniques which are common in optical burst switching, namely one-way based just-enough- time and two-way based tell-and-wait. The latter has a shortcoming in that it suffers from high-end-to-end packets delay while the former suffers from a high packet loss. This calls for a hybrid that is flexible enough for the high loss and delay (Jue and Vokkarane, 1198). Vokkarane offers a blended signaling system which is known as the intermediate-node-initiated (INI) signaling for optical burst-switch networks (1,b). This protocol is favored as it can provide both the two way and one way based signaling techniques (Chaubey, Lagadapati, Shekhawat and Tyagi 126-127). In the new protocol, reservation of channels is set off at a midway node (initiating node), in a simultaneous front and backward direction (Nejabati 8). INI selects the initiating node to stimulate both TAW and JET. This makes it possible for INI to perform better than TAW in regard to the average end-to-end packets delay. It also functions well than JET, in terms of burst loss of packets. 1.1: The Onset of INI as A New Protocol to OBS The IT industry has spontaneously grown over the last decades. This has been marked by an increase in the demand for the Internet services. The result has been a massive demand for higher transmission rates and faster switching technologies (Chen, Qiao and Yu 1). One of the best frameworks to meet this enormous demand is the Internet Protocol over WDM. This is a technology that can support the bandwidth and flexibility requirement of the future networks (Vokkarane, b 1). IP over optical burst switching (OBS) is one of the methods that can be used to transport traffic directly over a WDM network that is devoid of buffer (Chen, Jue, Vokkarane and Zhang 1781). 1.1.1: Tell and Wait (TAW) and Just enough Time (JET) An OBS network commonly uses two signaling techniques namely tell and wait (TAW) and just enough time (JET). Both of these techniques have a burst header packet (BHP) sent ahead of the data burst so as to arrange the switches along the burst’s path (Jue, Karanam and Vokkarane 5, 6). The source ingress node has to first of all work out a route to the destination egress node so as to put up with the dynamic resource stipulation (Nejabati, 8). The signaling technique helps to schedule data bursts on available node along the route (Guo, Liu, Wen and Zhang 1). This is the work of JET and TAW. Tell-and –wait is a two-way acknowledgement based signaling techniques that use immediate reservation and explicit release (Vokkkarane, b 21). 1.1.2: Just enough Time (JET) On the other hand, JET is a two-way non-acknowledgement based signaling method that uses belated reservation and inherent release (White 5). For an efficient transfer of all data in a given route, most OBS signaling techniques have to balance time between the BHP and the consequent data burst. This is meant to allow the BHP to be processed before the burst node arrives at the intermediate node. The BHP also seizes the opportunity to specify the duration of the burst so as to let each intermediate nodule know the right time to reconfigure its switch for the next arriving burst (White 5). The source in one way based signaling technique sends out a BHP to request the intermediate node alongside the pathway to apportion the required resources for the data burst (Ahmad, Nawaz and Zaidi 2). However, no acknowledgement message is sent back to the source to notify it of the accomplishment or breakdown of the resource reservation. In the process of minimizing end-to-end data transfer delay, the one way techniques lead to high data loss (Rosberg, Vu and Zukerman 1). On the other hand, in a two way signaling technique, a feedback message is relayed back from the target to the source (Chamtac, Lu and Xiao 2314-2315). The data burst is only transmitted once a connection is successfully established. (Gupta, et. al 207). The process tries to minimize packet loss, which results to high data transfer delay due to the round trip connection setup (Vokkarane, b 22). 1.3: Intermediate-Node-Initiated (INI) Signaling: A Hybrid of the One-Way and Two-Way Techniques. This process is viewed as the panacea to the limitations of TAW and JET. In this technique, an initiating node is selected from among the nodes between the source and destination. The node acts as the intermediate node on which a channel reservation process is initiated. This is aimed at determining the earliest time possible which the burst can be launched from the source. Consequently, it determines the corresponding earliest times at which the equivalent earliest times at which the nodes between the source and the intermediate node can be scheduled to receive the burst (Vokkkarane 27). Interestingly, at the receiving node, the actual reservation of the channels commence in both directions (source and destination). Every node along the path has a predefined role in the signal ling process. Those in the upstream have to implement signal functions just like those of TAW whereas those in the downstream implement functions more or less similar to those of JET/JIT, and to complete the process, the initiating node implements functions similar to both TAW and JET. In TAW, there is the acknowledgement from the destination prior to a burst being sent from the source, and in JET, the acknowledgement does not occur. In INI, there is the acknowledgement from the initiating node, thereby reducing the chances of blocking, in comparison to what takes place in JET. The burst waits at the source for a lesser time, as opposed to when it has to the roundtrip propagation delay from the source to its destination. This way, INI decreases the end-to-end delays as contrasted with TAW. In this new protocol for OBS, it is possible to implement both TAW and JET by properly selecting the initiating node. INI enables one to satisfy both the loss and delay constrains of each application by carefully selecting the initiating node. It enables the usage of both regular reservation and delayed reservation. 1.4: Conclusion The new protocol confers many advantages and benefits to the users. This paper proposes more research on the performance of INI signaling techniques with wavelength conversation in a busy network and how it can be combined with the deflection of BHPs during the signaling process. The objective of this would be to improve the utilization of the channel and monitor the delays emanating from trade-offs in data and packets. Full Copyright Notice This article and its translation may be copied and provided to other interested scholars, works that relate to it, or assist in the implementation of INI signaling technique, without any restriction of any kind, provided that the copyright notice and this section are included on all such copies made. However, the work should not be reproduced if the person doing so disregard the copyright guidelines stipulated therein. Works Cited Ahmad Jawad, Nawaz Shahid and Zaidi. A Comparative Study of Distributed Wavelength Reservation Schemes in WDM Networks. Rawalpindi: NUST Institute of Information and Technology, n.d. 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A Novel Differentiated Service Hybrid Signaling Protocol for Optical Burst Switching Networks. Shijiazhuang: Xidian University, n.d. Print. Gupta et al. “Distributed Control Protocols for Wavelength Reservation and their Performance Evaluation”. Photonic Networks and Communications 1.3. (1999): 207-218. Print. Jue Jason and Vokkarane Mandayam. “Prioritized Burst Segmentation and Composite Burst Assembly Techniques for Qos Support in Optical Burst Switched Networks.” IEEE Journal on Selected Areas In Communications 21.7 (2003): 1198–1209. Web. 13 Dec. 2011, http://www.cis.umassd.edu/~vvokkarane/publications/ini_osn.pdf. Jue Jason, Karanam Ravikiran and Vokkarane Ravikiran. Intermediate Node Initiated (INI) Signaling: A Hybrid Reservation Scheme for Optical Burst-Switched Network. Dallas: University of Texas, n.d. Print. Nejabati Reza. Ed. Grid Optical Burst Switched Networks (GOBS). University of Essex, 15 April. 2008. Web. 12 Dec. 2011.< www.ogf.org/documents/GFD.128.pdf.>. 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