Analysis of Diabetes 1 Disease - Coursework Example

DIABETES Unit: Causes of Diabetes This type of diabetes involves the destruction of beta cells in the pancreas by the immune system of the body. The beta cells end up not capable of producing adequate insulin in the body. It is sometimes referred to as juvenile-onset diabetes since it mostly begins at childhood. It can grow in adults, but it is less common. Diabetes 1 is a serious condition and cannot be treated by just losing weight or watching on ones diet. Individuals under this kind of diabetes are supposed to take insulin several times daily to prevent the rise of blood glucose to the high level that risks individuals life. Diabetes 1 is an autoimmune disease. The body is triggered by something to raise an immune system attack on itself by something. This occurs, in the same way, the body the immune system usually forms the attack against virus and bacteria. The immune system is involved in the production of antibodies. These antibodies are involved in the attack and destruction of beta cells that secretes insulin in the pancreas. The amount of insulin produced decrease as more beta cells are being destroyed. Due to the inability of the pancreas to manufacture fresh beta cells, only a few beta cells remain, and this limits the amount of insulin being produced. Fortunately, the attack by the immune system has no effect on the ability of the body to respond to insulin. This is because compensation of the bodys insulin through injections of people with diabetes (Watson et al. 2013: 396). Several risk factors are connected to the occurrence of diabetes 1. The two major factors are the viral infection and heredity. Viral infection involves the virus that is believed to interfere with the immune system of the child through the creation of antibodies that attacks the beta cells. When the same viral infection in the childs later life, it may be involved in the reactivation of these antibodies hence the start the destruction of beta cells. Viruses involved in the etiology of diabetes 1 includes; rubella, mumps and Coxsackie (Chandalia et al. 2012:336). In heredity, if one of your relatives is having diabetes 1, your chances of getting diabetes is increased, however, is low. However, the research suggests the presence of some susceptibility for the diabetes to occur. Inheritance of the disease Diabetes 1 takes place in about three people for every 1000 people. It is ten times lower as compared to diabetes 2. Sometimes it is easier in the identification of people at risks of diabetes one by use of genetic tests. Nevertheless, these tests are difficult to carry out and are only applied in research projects in practice. Furthermore, it is difficult to identify figures for genuine risks you have for diabetes inheritance from your father. Most experts agreed of the risks being around 5%-10%. This risk is lower for a diabetic mother, about 2%-3%. If both parents have diabetes, then the risks of you getting diabetes may be 30%. However, in spite of the risk, diabetes 1 does not usually move in families, and only about 10% of individuals with diabetes 1 have a relative who is close to the condition. In some cases, there are parents who came diabetic positive after their son had developed diabetes one long time ago as if the there was backwards functioning of genetics (Chandalia et al. 2012:332). Environmental factors affecting the risks of the disease Various factors in the environment like dietary factors and some viruses are capable of starting the autoimmune process leading pancreatic beta cells destruction. Various epidemiological observations like seasonality, onset age, and geographic differences give evidence of environmental factors causing diabetes 1.Environmental influences do not yet identify a major role in the diabetes one pathogenesis. It is obvious that the damage of autoimmune pancreatic cell together with the consequential metabolic aberrations which threaten life leading to organ failure encompasses the final result. Upcoming evidence, however, connect interchange between intestinal microbial environments that is growing with the immune system of the intestinal mucosal as an untimely and more compounds of pathogenesis that are manageable. The interior microbiome conception whose variation may lead main internal mucosal inflammatory shifts and responses of the immune is capable of playing important role in pathogenesis various forms of metabolic diseases like diabetes 1 and autoimmune (Chandalia et al. 2012:334). Population at increased risk of the disease Family and epidemiological studies have shown that first-degree relatives of diabetes one patients are at high risk of getting the disease as compared to the overall population. This is majorly due to high transmission of the gene variants that are diabetes risks to the offspring through the generations. However, exposure to factors of the environment can also expose someone to the risk of diabetes 1 (Taylor, 2013:14). Biochemical level of the disease Considering the genetic aspects of diabetes 1, there is an association of Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) with diabetes 1, initially demonstrated by HLA-B8 or B15. There has been the study of several genes towards the exploration of diabetes 1; however the most important is the HLA complex, also known as histocompatibility complex. The class 2 genes of HLA were identified as the IDDM1 locus. This gene is found in the small arm of chromosome 6.The molecules of the class 2 genes are heterodimeric proteins consisting of beta chains and alpha chains expressed on the immune system cells. HLA products of the class 1 and two loci show the high level of polymorphism. DRA in class 2 region is non-polymorphic as compared to DRB, which consists of the high degree of allelic variability. Diabetes 1 is strongly related to HLA-DR3 and DR4 in Caucasians the regularity of which are high as compared to the usual control while the DR2 frequency falls. The system through which HLA-DQ molecules control diabetes development and allows particular beta cell antigen autoimmune reactions is not yet understood (Chandalia et al..2012:332). Effects of biochemical changes on the body and body organs Patients with diabetes 1 show various symptoms that can be used for the identification of the disease. These symptoms include; Frequent urination, extreme hunger, excessive thirst, extreme fatigue and weakness. This disease is also involved in the effects of the body organs and functioning. It increases the risk of the liver disease. The high level of glucose in the blood may lead to atherosclerosis, a heart disease. The kidney may also become inflamed and unable to carry out the filtration of blood as usual. The patient experiences frequent urination, and this leads to dehydration. The occurrence of diabetic retinopathy involves the destruction of the eyes blood vessels. Peripheral Arterial Disease occurs reducing the blood flowage to the legs. Treatment and preventions In the treatment and prevention of diabetes 1, the researchers have not given the solution in diabetes prevention. They are trying low insulin doses, drugs and vitamin supplements to suppress the immune system. These approaches have only shown some promises in life. There are suggestions, for example, that vitamin D deficiency is diabetes one risk factor. Therefore an individual with a history of the diabetic family may decide to take vitamin D supplements in the diet. Meaningful sun exposure of about ten minutes thrice a week is also recommended to increase the levels of vitamin D. Good diet band exercise may delay the diabetes one onset. Research has shown the occurrence of diabetes 1 in obese children as compared to children with normal weight (Lewis et al..2014:1186). Research on the disease One of the major objectives of the recent diabetes research is to identify an essential cause or causes that bring on the stage of the disease. There are many factors at play in this, but scientists are searching for bigger commonalities. Researchers are also looking for ways they can stop the loss of beta cells producing insulin after the beginning of diabetes 1. One approach that is being investigated is blocking the antibodies. These are being provided intravenously towards the hope of stopping autoimmune response to rescue any beta cells that are remaining. References Top of Form Chandalia, H B, and A K. Das. Rssdi Textbook of Diabetes Mellitus. New Delhi: Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers, 2012. Print. Top of Form Lewis, Sharon M, Shannon R. Dirksen, Margaret M. Heitkemper, Linda Bucher, and Mariann Harding. Medical-surgical Nursing: Assessment and Management of Clinical Problems. , 2014. Print. Bottom of Form Top of Form Taylor, K W. Diabetes and Viruses. New York, NY: Springer, 2013. Internet resource. Bottom of Form Top of Form Watson, Ronald R, and Victor R. Preedy. Bioactive Food As Dietary Interventions for Diabetes. Boston: Elsevier/Academic Press, 2013. Internet resource. Bottom of Form Bottom of Form Top of Form Read More