Treatment And Care For Older Adults - Research Paper Example

Treatment And Care For Older Adults Background and Justification For the last ten decades, the adult pollution has been on the rise. This population is projected to increase by the year 2013 (Administration on Aging, 2011). The adults of today are known to suffer from chronic illness that can be regulated with regular physical activities and a healthy diet. Despite the fact that physical activities; precisely fitness has had positive results in prevention of chronic diseases and enhance balance, physical fitness, flexibility, and improved quality of life, only less than 10% of these old adults meet the recommended levels of physical activity and the right diet. In addition, participants that reside in rural areas are not likely to take part in physical activities as they don’t have the facilities. Epidemiological studies have shown a role for a healthy diet in the development and sequence of chronic illness globally. Unhealthy feeding and lack of physical exercises is a key factor in these situations (Graham et.al, 2014). Objectives and research question/hypothesis The goal of this study is to evaluate a community-based fitness and healthy diet program for older adults with the intentions of improving their physical activities, healthy eating, and improve the entire health among all the participants of the study. Methods section Participants The participants of this study were older adults of between 65 and 75 years who had a Body Mass Index (BMI) higher than 30. These participants were required to undergo a diet-induced plan with a combination of a strict exercise program; this activity would last for a period of 6 months. These participants were recruited from bigger study that was evaluated for risk factors among the older individuals. The first stage of contact with the potential participants was conducted at falls risk analysis for their body mass index that took place in 11 community centers and retirement communities in a span of 4months. Volunteers were also asked to present themselves to be accessed if they were suitable for the study. The limitations of participants included aspects such as a BMI less than 30, individuals who has hearing disabilities, cognitive impairment , those that were not between the 65 to 70 to age bracket, limitation to mobility and other essential factors needed in the study. Design of study The design of the study was a randomized controlled trial whereby randomization would be carried out at individual patient stages. This trail entailed three assessments; pretest (T1), post-intervention that is carried out two months after the pretest (T2), and the final step of a 4-month follow-up. After the screening process and coming up with the online informed approval , participants are randomized in an automatic manner into treatment (Tx ) group that applied the internet PA intervention plus a control group that didn’t have access to the intervention. Below is a diagram that briefly explains the randomized control design (Katz & Mezey, 2014). Procedure Each participant carried out a complete 20-minute screening to determine their safety, medical history, balance, ability to comprehend instructions and vision. After the screening process, each of them was provided with flyers that had all the information on their falls risks and how they would reduce them via a control healthy diet and physical exercise. Via the use of an experimental plan, each center was assigned to be an intercession location in a random manner. Randomization process was done by site instead of by participants. Baseline procedures of physical activities and stages of change (SOC) were evaluated at the falls and risk screening. The following week saw participant being supplied with (Theory of Planned Behavior) questioners through the email. They were required to fill in these questionnaires and return them, after this they were enrolled in a program that lasted for four weeks. The intervention entailed four weekly level–coordinated packages that were directed at the pupation’s precise physical activity as per the previously conducted research. Weekly phone calls to the participants were made so as to re-examine SOC and answer any queries on the issue concerning the required materials for the study. After concluding the four week physical activity and intervention, TPB, and SOC constructs were reviewed. In the final level, participants were requested to rate how effective the program was on a scale of one to five. The end results was that the program was assessed on its features of ease to use, ease to comprehend, capability of changing physical activity, capability to uphold physical activity, the capability to draw attention and its general help. In addition, the participants were requested to offer precise comments regarding the program, the participants that were in the wait- list control condition were also provided with similar questionnaires at the start and end of the 4- week intercession stage. Just like the other participant, they also received phone calls on a weekly basis and had the chance of participating in the physical activities after the study was concluded (Graham et.al, 2014). Instruments/tools and measures The interactive intercession resources were stage-matched and created in a manner that their main target was the populace precise ideas on the basis of previous research. Each flyer had four pages, the content in the flyers was written in a manner that anyone was able to read and understand. In the first segment of the flyer, all the participants were offered an exercise log that was created to encourage self examination of physical activities and the resources necessary to motivate them in their first and second stages that mainly concentrated at the cognitive procedure of change and resources for the third and fourth stages that focused on the behavioral procedures of change. To be precise, week one resources for participants in stage one tackle the advantages and the challenges of physical activity that are present in the target population. Materials for the participants in stage 2 required them to set a physical activity connected objective that differed depending on the current situation of the participant. Week one resources for level three entailed the advantages and challenges that are associated with physical activities, participants were required to come up with a precise objective on the basis of the recommended level of activities suitable for older adults of their age group. Finally, week one, resources for adults in stage 4 entailed the advantages and challenges that for physical activity and the spontaneous issues regarding the meaning and advantages of physical activity for the participant, their family and any other people that surrounded them (Graham et.al, 2014). Week two resources integrated a time administration inventory for persons in stages one through three with diverse physical activity associated objectives depending on the SOC stage. The week two resources for stage four incorporated information and proposals for communal support, remunerations, and reminders to decrease changes of setback. Week three resources for stage one were built-in a listing of health behaviors, the Individual was requested to formulate one health connected objective for the subsequent week. In cases of stages two and three, week three resources integrated a cue of the suggested level of doings whereby they were requested to choose ways of enhancing their physical activity (Katz & Mezey, 2014). . The resources for Week three intended for stage four gave a variety of different physical activity choices and encouraged these persons to attempt something fresh to develop the continuance of physical activity. In addition, they were also motivated to commemorate their accomplishment and were given instances of a mixture of ways to recompense themselves. Week four resources for stages one throughout stage three entailed a list of daily life activities and leisure pursuit that might assist them boost physical activity and they were persuaded to join an association that their associates may be a part of. In addition, week four resources for stage three incorporated thoughts for avoiding a relapse through times when being physically vigorous is not easy such as holidays and in times of sickness. Thus, Stage four resources incorporated relapse avoidance method and ideas for staying aggravated (Katz & Mezey, 2014). References Graham, K., Saunders, S. J., Flower, M. C., Timney, C. B., White-Campbell, M., & Zeidman, A. (2014). Addictions Treatment for Older Adults: Evaluation of an Innovative Client- Centered Approach. New York: Routledge. Katz, P. R., & Mezey, M. D. (2014). The encyclopedia of elder care: The comprehensive resource on geriatric health and social care. Read More