Incapacity Relationship of Melancholia and Life in Parkinson's Ailment - Term Paper Example

Theories of Personality Do you agree or disagree with the idea that self-actualization can be defined as helping others. Why or why not? What other behaviors/traits/events do you think are involved in becoming self-actualized? Self actualization refers to the crave for self fulfillment, thus attaining one’s full potential by becoming what he or she is competent of becoming (Kriz, 2006). Therefore, I do not agree to the idea that self-actualization can be defined as helping others since it is incomplete. In order to achieve self-actualization, there are some behaviors, traits and events involved. Apart from helping others, self-actualization can be achieved when a person remains focused on his or her desire, has a positive attitude in life, being understanding and flexible, and thus able to change with the situations or circumstances (Coon et al, 2010). These features and traits supports the idea of helping others since they enhance understanding and cooperation among people, thereby facilitating attainment of goals and desires in life. 2. What kinds of conditions or circumstances do you think need to be present in order for a person to reach self-actualization? What kind of personality traits do you think a person needs to have in order to reach this goal? In order to reach or attain self-actualization, the followings conditions must prevail: a). Lack of restraints – the presence of restraints reduces chances of understanding oneself, thus minimizing self-actualization (Coon et al, 2010). b). Lack of or minimal distraction from the needs- reduced or lack of disturbances to the achievement of the needs encourage the realization of one’s goals and desires. c). Accepting or understanding oneself and life circumstances – accepting or understanding oneself as well as the prevailing situations reduces stress in life, thereby providing ample time for generation of desires and attempts to realizing them (Coon et al, 2010). d). Focus on seeking resolutions to cultural predicaments instead of personal problems- emphasizing solutions to cultural problems provides an individual with diverse means of solving predicaments that prove recurrent and very challenging rather than focusing on personal problems (Kriz, 2006). e) Open to others’ perceptions, opinions and ideas – being open to the ideas of other people ensures one becomes accommodative and understanding to the people he or she encounters in daily life (Coon et al, 2010). This provides opportunities to learn from others about life challenges and ways of tackling them. Therefore, in order to realize self-actualization, an individual must be open and be able to accommodate viewpoints of other people. f) Possess strong prevalence of privacy – despite being open to the ideas and perceptions from other people, one can attain self actualization by hiding or being private to some of his or her ideas and desires (Kriz, 2006). Therefore, avoiding discussion of one’s desires and goals reduces pressure that might be exerted on an individual in situations he or she fails to achieve the desires. Moreover, it might minimize discouragement from peers and friends, which may derail attainment of the desires. g). Autonomy- in order to attain self actualization, one must remain independent in life since it offers a sense of confidence in an individual which might promote change of attitude that may facilitate attainment of the goals and desires (Kriz, 2006). f). In order to attain self actualization, one must uphold human values as well as appreciate life. This will reduce stress and loss of morale attributed to the stress. g) Encourage few intimate relationships instead of several superficial friendships, which reduce the level and chances of exposing his desires and ideas to other people. Therefore, in order to attain the self-actualization, one must remain focused, possess an efficient perception of the reality, be humble, spontaneous, understanding, accommodative, cautious, autonomous, task centered, and demonstrate privacy and support of human values as well as being appreciative life (Kriz, 2006). Therefore, people who achieve self-actualization tend to feel safe, accepted, loving, loved, and not anxious as well as remaining alive. 3. Give your opinion about the validity of the hierarchy of needs and provide at least 2 reasons to justify your thoughts. The hierarchy of needs is valid since it categorizes human needs in order to satisfaction requirements (Nevid, 2009). The level entail; a). Physiological needs – incorporates items such as water, food, breathing and sleeping which are very basic and fundamental for the existence of life. b). Safety needs - entails a feeling of security, shelter, physical comforts, property, and employment. c). Belongingness- entails the need for social acceptance, welcomed, love, sexual intimacy, and having a family. d). Esteem- these needs include a feeling of competence, recognition of success or achievement by friends and peers and reverence from other people. e). Self actualization - which entails the desire or motive of achieving self-fulfillment in life. I justify the hierarchy of human needs since: i). The needs are arranged in order of their preference, and thus coherent ii). The hierarchy is real, self explanatory and applicable all over the world. 4. Do you agree that very few people achieve self-actualization? Why or why not? Describe what you think would have to happen or change in society for more people to be able to achieve self-actualization. I agree that very few people achieve self-actualization. This is because it is hard for an individual to posses all of the personality traits required for self-actualization. Moreover, even in case individual posses these features, he or she might face other emerging life challenges which might derail self actualization (Nevid, 2009). Consequently, few people achieve self-actualization since many individuals fail to complete the previous levels that must be passed before attaining the self-actualization process. In order for many people to realize self-actualization in the society, they must be able to cultivate the personality traits required for self-actualization. One must learn to be understanding, remain focused, humble, accommodative, cautious, autonomous, task centered, and demonstrate privacy and support of human values as well as being appreciative life (Coon et al, 2010). On nurturing these traits, one moves closer to achieving self-actualization. Moreover, self-actualization can only be realized when a person fully completes the hierarchy levels, and thus ensuring proper understanding of various challenges associated with the levels. 5. Name and describe at least two ways in which Rogers concept of self-actualization is the same or different from Maslows concept of self-actualization. Which theory do you think has more validity? Why? a) Perception– both Rogers and Maslow acknowledge that self-actualization is not a static or final process but rather a continuous or a `becoming process’ whereby a person becomes what he or she desires, thus attaining a full function (Kriz, 2006). b). Failure to achieve self actualization – both Maslow and Rogers attribute failure to achieve self actualization to social pressure and the presence of restraints (Kriz, 2006). However, Maslow’s theory proves more valid compared to Rogers’s theory. This is because Maslow recognizes the existence of the hierarchy of human needs, which must be satisfied before achievement of self-actualization (Coon et al, 2010). According to Maslow, in case one does not complete the hierarchy levels, he or she fails to realize self-actualization. 6. In the videos, Rogers talks about the conditions of therapy. Name at least three of these conditions and explain if you think they are necessary for therapy to be effective. Why or why are they not necessary? Explain your reasoning. According to Rogers, the conditions of therapy include; a). Genuineness- this entails the type or quality of life an individual prefers to lead. For therapy to be effective, this condition is necessary since the client decides on the manner in which he or she wants to lead his life (Carl & Gloria, 2008). b). Congruence - this involves being able to become aware of one’s experiences. It also comes through communication with the therapist. This condition is necessary since it ensures that the client gains awareness of his or her experiences and thus, remains in a position to solve his predicament (Carl & Gloria, 2008). c). Transparency – entails a situation where a person is capable of seeing himself in a vivid manner thereby not hiding any issue from the therapist (Carl & Gloria, 2008). The condition is necessary because it enables the therapist understand the problem of the client. 7. What part of Rogers theory do you find to be most valid? Why? What part do you feel has the least validity? Why? The issue of assisting a patient to understand his or her problem is the most valid part of Roger’s theory. This is because it provides an opportunity to the patient to realize and analyze the problem, understand it and thus be in a position to deal with such problem in the future (Carl & Gloria, 2008). By reaching at the source of the predicament, the patient will develop a different and more understanding perception about the problem thereby aiding in seeking solutions as many ideas arise which might be applicable in solving the problem. However, the issue of leading the patient to generate solutions to his problem is least valid. This is because the patient is not able to get the ideas of the therapist concerning the predicament (Carl & Gloria, 2008). This normally leaves the patient with only the ideas that he or she has generated, and which might not be effective in solving the problem, thereby making therapeutic process unsuccessful. 8. Do you think that Rogers conditions of therapy are ALL that is needed in order for therapy to work? Give at least 2 reasons why or why not. Describe what else you think might be needed for therapy to work. Roger’s conditions of therapy are short of what is needed for effective and appropriate therapy. This is because: i). these conditions are one sided since the client generates solution to his problem instead of seeking solution from both the client and the therapist. ii). since it is person centered approach, it may limit the patient to the options available because the patient is forced to use his or her ideas which might not be successful or solve the problem. To solve therapeutic problems, the therapist as well as the patient must generate ideas. Furthermore, they need to discuss the ideas and explore those, which might be suitable for solving the predicament. This may lead to generation of effective ideas and this might enhance chances of solving the problem, thus making the therapeutic process a success. 9. Find two articles about Raymond Cattell, Hans Eysenck or the Five-Factor Model and/or their theories. Raymond, C. (2012). Human Intelligence. Retrieved Jan 30, 2013 from http://www.indiana.edu/~intell/rcattell.shtml The article outlines the biography of Raymond, his influences, major contributions, career, ideas, and interests. His major contributions include the Cantell Horn theory, he developed ideas on the application of complex statistical methods to the learning of intelligence and authored as well as co- authored over 500 articles and books. Bem, P, A. (2013). Raymond, B Catell: Accomplishment and Controversy. Retrieved Jan 30, 2013 from http://www.ferris.edu/isar/BemAllen-Cattell.pdf The article discusses the early history as well as the conditions that led to Cattell’s relocation into the USA. Moreover, it also focuses on his early associations with the eugenics faction. In addition, his main contributions include crystallized and fluid intelligence, heritability work, the 16PF, Personality of the nations among others. Consequently, the article also focuses on controversy involving the suspension of his work, ` Gold Medal for life Achievement in Psychological Science’. References Bem, P, A. (2013). Raymond, B Catell: Accomplishment and Controversy. Retrieved Jan 30, 2013 from http://www.ferris.edu/isar/BemAllen-Cattell.pdf Carl, R., & Gloria. (2008). Counseling; Self-Actualization. Retrieved Jan 30, 2013 from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZBkUqcqRChg&feature=player_embedded, http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m30jsZx_Ngs&feature=player_embedded, http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L19nXMvbS8E&feature=player_embedded, http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RX_Y3zUPzEo&feature=player_embedded http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zHxl5NtcDow&feature=player_embedded Coon, D., Mitterer, J. O., Talbot, S., & Vanchella, C. M. (2010). Introduction to psychology: Gateways to mind and behavior. Belmont, Calif: Wadsworth Cengage Learning. Kriz, J. (2006). Self-actualization. Norderstedt: Books on Demand GmbH. Nevid, J. S. (2009). Psychology: Concepts and applications. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co. Raymond, C. (2012). Human Intelligence. Retrieved Jan 30, 2013 from http://www.indiana.edu/~intell/rcattell.shtml Read More