Engineering Standards and Design - Assignment Example

Engineering Standards and Design 1. Introduction The role of design in engineering has been central to any engineering feat. It is complementary to the roles of science and technological innovations. It plays a different role in advancement of knowledge and creates human benefits. While scientists are concerned with science and technology the designers are concerned with socially, culturally and spatially situated application of technologies. The success of the design depends on clear and deep understanding of the necessity of the context. The practical knowledge will play a main role in creating a good design. The design will have economic perception also. The design of products and systems will mean an immediate realisation of the particular contexts. The potentiality in the technology can be exhibited by the design. The innovative design practices have become compulsory associates of technological inventions. This brings about creativity in the economic practices. The design will give an economic touch to the technology.1 The designing must be based on broad based technological innovation. It should be built upon the unique advantages offered by this setting. The designing must be a result of pursuing research and executes practical design. It engages in scholarship and criticism. It should be organised as collection of multidisciplinary research and project teams. It should not be restricted to the traditional boundaries. The design, planning and engineering professions must act beyond the boundaries of technology. The designing institutes should be engaged in new technologies and their potentialities must be exhibited using innovative designs. These designs will be highly effective solutions to problems regarding social, economic and cultural importance if the potentiality of technology was established. The designing institutions must be particular about the emerging possibilities in information technologies. While considering the technology the designer should think about the new material, fabrication and construction technologies. The innovative methods to provide functionality at micro and nano scales are crucial to the designing methods. The designing should consider urban, regional and global systems along with the individual systems. 2. Importance of Standards in Design The educators of engineering have gained a good understanding about the importance of the design experience. Its practice in the working world receives techniques and tips to incorporate standards in to curriculum. This inclusion of standards will benefit engineering students in every discipline. This is because the understanding of standardisation will give them conformity and assessment of the knowledge. This in turn will provide competitive edge.2 While designing a tension bolt to support a known load requires following measures. The strength of the bolt material, bolt diameter and thread, tightening torque, preload. Applying the torque to increase pre load minimises the effect of the load and so increases the fatigue life. 2.1 Design Automation The industry and the society need the design automation. The need for the standards when reaches a critical threshold will witness the intensity of interest in work. One of the aspects of the standards in designing is HDL. It stands for Hardware description language. The need of this language is due to the difference in design automation tools. The difference in design and manufacturing facilities also will result in interchanging the data. There are other reasons like interface standard that parses the design of design of automation tools. This parses will make DA systems into smaller tasks and thus they will require less effort. The HDL will allow tools and workshops to converse with one another. This is due to the presence of a standard HDL interchange format. When the standard format is absent, the translator cannot develop a pair of tools that need to interact. This turns the designing and the usage expensive. For this reason, the system should develop languages like HDL to develop interaction between any two designers. The absence of HDL results in depletion of scarce resources and makes poor, the quality of the tool. The software and hardware developed cannot be considered as mature till they are interacted with the like-minded designs and technologies. So HDL can be considered as the requirement that develops the standards in the technology. 3 This will lead to use less capable systems with much smaller use of tools. The obsolete and second grade tools can be used within a system with more efficiency. One of the standards is to update the design automation database for the tool. This is often prohibitive and can compromise the design automation system’s ability. As this can serve as a weak link in design automation, the database regarding the automation is often neglected. For this reason the standards are essential. These standards will make the weak links like data base regarding automation as a knowledge base. The database can be updated and changed according to the new standards. The standards must change according to the context and the technology. Standards can be considered as the infrastructure that is necessary for any sector in engineering. It helps to construct efficient database, HDL and tools. The tools will lead to a energetic effect in the tools. When the tools are automated, they are more powerful than the power of a single efficient tool. The effect of this automation of tools will bring the ability of analysing the products made by the tools. The products may be produced in a number of environments and viewpoints. The analysing results in required modification in each of the environments and viewpoints. The modification of the environments and viewpoints should increase the capacity and quality of the product developed by tools. The products should be again designed according to the tools. These can be simulated and estimated according to their efficiency and quality that is a result of automation of tools. Thus automation can be considered as a standard for the tools. The trends can be established by the establishment of standards. The standards will bring in required quality that is capable of establishing the trend. The established trends will result in exhibiting the established needs. The tool that is required to achieve the complete automation can lead to highest enhancement in the productivity of the system. The last tool that is added will be generally that can create or enhance the productivity to produce the synergy needed. It can enable to recognise the training requirements also. When the user is associated with complete automated system, needs only minimum training when he works on less automated system. For example we are used to consider that the computers need expert users. The fact is that the tools like word processors; inventory and bank teller systems need less expertise to use them. The computer games, calculators can be considered as complex computer systems that need no expertise for a person who was used up to operate a computer. The users of computer games and calculators do not need any expertise to the person used up to the complete automated system like computer. As the complete automation systems need a technical user, the less automated systems that are a consequence of those completed automations systems need no expertise to operate. The complete automated systems do not produce less automated systems. When computers are considered as complete automated systems, the calculators are less automated systems. The standards used to develop a complete automated system will result in the production of lesser-automated systems. 3. Importance of materials used According to the above discussion and by observing the advances in the science and technology, the pace of progress can be considered as dramatic. The exciting time in the advance of engineering demands the knowledge and understanding of materials science and technology. The technology of materials is critical to the process of development of engineering. This will be a determining aspect in deciding the speed of advancement and range of technological change. For this purpose, the research that must be done beyond barriers is necessary. This will keep the progress going on and overcome the new challenges and create new opportunities. For instance, the example of a bolt and nut that was shown in the above discussion needs the materials that are more strong and less weight to make the machinery in which they are used to be more light and efficient. The lightweight and strength of the machinery will result in more efficiency and less usage of power. This will in turn be productive regarding the economic conditions also. 4 The industries from electronics to construction, automobile to health care are reliant on new materials that produce more efficient instruments. The new technologies that are emerging are demanding more standards in the materials used in the products to increase their efficiency. For example in automobile industry, the two and four wheelers, which are used now, are lighter in weight than their counterparts 10 years back. Still they are more efficient. This is due to the new materials that are lighter and stronger. The researchers about the materials are of crucial importance for the emerging new technologies. This is due to the fact that the technologies will specify the standards of the materials required and the researchers should produce materials of those specifications. The importance of the research has increased manifold as the usage and significance of nano technology has been increased. The technology regarding the materials has the potential to speed up the advances in every field of engineering. The materials produced should be capable of making real the technological revolutions. The technological revolution will occur first in laboratory and it will occur in the real circumstances, when the required materials are produced in large quantities economically. Now let us consider textile industry. Sixty years ago the nylon revolutionised the fashion industry. In case of electronics, 30 years ago the chip made by silicon was responsible for the revolution in information technology. The information technology has been growing much faster than any other industry due to the materials that are produced for the manufacturing of electronics components and chips. The development of the materials requires a separate discipline in the engineering. The institution of materials engineering can be a multidisciplinary subject which can supply materials for every sector in the industry and for every discipline in the engineering. This will be made possible by studying the relationships between the structure and properties of materials and the performance of them in real conditions. 4. Conclusion The new materials inspire radical engineering design. As it was proved that the standards decide the quality of the products designed, innovations in the development of the material expedite and innovate design process. In this manner the standards and design are interrelated, as both of them are crucial for the development of engineering. The material engineering discipline or research activity requires the inclusion of problem-based learning. Most of the reputed institutions that offer material engineering have this concept incorporated in their curriculum. By doing the research in a manner to solve the existing problem in the products will result in the production of materials that speed up technological and design advances. References 1. Introductory report, 2006, design, MIT Design Laboratory, ,electronic, 1-3-07, http://design.mit.edu/ 2. Workshop agenda, 2005, Incorporating standards into capstone design courses, ANSI, ,electronic, 1-3-07, http://www.ansi.org/meetings_events/capstone0405.aspx?menuid=8 3. Al Lowenstefn Greg Winter, 1985, importance of standards, The ACM digital library, ,electronic, 1-3-07, http://delivery.acm.org/10.1145/320000/317839/p88-lowenstein.pdf?key1=317839&key2=6631772711&coll=&dl=acm&CFID=15151515&CFTOKEN=6184618 4. University report, 2007, General information, Queen mary university of London, ,electronic, 1-3-07, http://www.qmul.ac.uk/courses/department.php?dept_id=15&ugcourses=1&course_id=&article_id=35&course_level=2 Read More